Occupational Health Aspects with Special Focus on Physiological Differences between Office and Metalworkers (original) (raw)
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Work-related stress and health—risks, mechanisms and countermeasures
Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment & Health, 2006
Work-related stress and health-risks, mechanisms and countermeasures Profound changes occurring in the economic, political, technological, and social landscape have transformed the world. And because the world has changed, also the world of work has changed (1). The most striking development is the changing nature of work itself-from physical to mental. Another major development is that the significance of time and time-related activities in work has increased. Furthermore, due to the systematic intensification of work, the psychosocial workload has increased. Accordingly, today, for many employees, work poses primarily mental and emotional demands. At the same time, job and work security have decreased. Moreover, work and family life have become blended. It is now generally recognized that, as a result of these developments, work-related stress has become a major public health problem with serious consequences for the individual, companies, and society. Although the concept of stress is very popular, both in the academic world and in the everyday world, it has been difficult to agree on the exact scientific definition. According to Kristensen et al (2) stress is an individual, psychophysiological, and subjective state, characterized by a combination of high arousal and displeasure. In this issue of the Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment & Health, in line with this definition, Siegrist & Rödel (3) specify stress as a latent construct that indicates a state of elevated activation of the autonomic nervous system with coordinated manifestations at the affective, cognitive, and behavioral levels. To study the health aspects of stressful work characteristics, general theoretical work-stress models, like those for job strain (4) and effort-reward imbalance (5), have been developed and tested. Also in this issue of the Scandinavian Journal of Work Environment & Health, several papers (3, 6, 7, 8) have used these models and more-recent conceptualizations, such as organizational injustice, to explore the association between work stress and health. Work stress thus refers to the aspects of work design, organization, and management, and their social and organizational contexts, that have the potential to cause harm to employee health. This paradigm, in addition to the conventional physicochemical approach, forms an essential part of contemporary occupational health research (6). The aim of this special issue of the Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment & Health is to clarify the knowledge and understanding of the risks and mechanisms of work-related stress and to review current challenges and some approaches for the prevention of work-related stress.
Identifying Occupational Stress and Coping Strategies [Working Title]
Rapid globalization and technological advances have transformed the way of working. Occupational stress is psychological and physical condition that has potential to worsen a person’s health in any workplace. Stress related productivity impairment were common in mining industries. Lack of skills, organizational issues, and a social support at workplace can all cause workers to experience stress. Therefore, hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and sympathetic nervous system are activated as part of the body’s physiological reaction. Hence chronic stress were linked to digestive, cardiovascular, atherosclerosis, and neurological issues. Numerous studies reported, several biochemical and pathophysiological factors were responsible for occupational, environmental, and workplace depression. This review chapter were included studied from PubMed, Google, book chapters, case reports, and other electronic databases, etc. Total (n = 104) articles were selected related to occupational str...
The Relationship of General Health and Job Stress in Industrial Workers
Journal of health sciences and surveillance system, 2019
Background Job stress is one of the most hazardous factors in workplace that endangers the workers’ public health physically and psychologically.Aims This study was conducted to investigate the general health status and occupational stress of workers in an electrical tablet production industry in Iran.Methods This cross-sectional study was carried out amongst 110 workers employed in electrical industry. The data were gathered by using demographic features questionnaire, general health questionnaire (GHQ), and job stress questionnaire (OSIPOW). The questionnaires were completed by interview to minimize the error in the data collection stage. Data were analyzed using SPSS (ver.20). A p<0.05 was considered statistically significant.Results 63.6% of the participants in this study were in inappropriate general health status. There was a significant difference between the total score of general health and education level (P=0.04). Also, there was a significant difference (P<0.05) in...
The Influence of Stress on Industrial Operator’s Physiology and Work Performance
Jurnal Optimasi Sistem Industri
Elevated stress has been widely associated with physical and physiological threats as well as reduced work performance. However, there is still a lack of studies that investigate whether stress influences concurrently physiological and objective work performance. The purpose of this study is to examine whether workers’ level of stress or negative emotional symptoms correlates with their physiological coherence and work performance. Eighteen female operators who reported high severity levels of stress, assessed using the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale (DASS-42) were categorized as the risk group. The comparison group was formed by randomly selecting 18 of 99 female workers who had significantly lower DASS scores. Both participants attended one session of physiological measurement. Their work performance was observed by calculating their cycle time completing a product during five workdays. A significant difference in HRV between the two groups was also found in physiological a...
Scientific Reports, 2017
Work stress is a risk factor for cardio-metabolic diseases, but few large-scale studies have examined the clinical profile of individuals with work stress. To address this limitation, we conducted a crosssectional study including 43,593 working adults from a French population-based sample aged 18-72 years (the CONSTANCES cohort). According to the Effort-Reward Imbalance model, work stress was defined as an imbalance between perceived high efforts and low rewards at work. A standardized health examination included measures of anthropometry, lung function, blood pressure and standard blood-based biomarkers. Linear regression analyses before and after multivariable adjustment for age, socioeconomic status, depressive symptoms, health-related behaviours, and chronic conditions showed that work stress was associated with higher BMI, waist circumference, waist-hip ratio, alanine transaminase, white blood cell count and lower high-density lipoprotein cholesterol in men, and with higher BMI and white blood cell count in women (differences 0.03-0.06 standard deviations, P < 0.05 between individuals with and without work stress). No robust associations were observed with lung function, haemoglobin, creatinine, glucose levels or resting blood pressure measures. This indicates that work stress is associated altered metabolic profile, increased systemic inflammation, and, in men, poorer liver function, which is a marker of high alcohol consumption. Research on stress and cardiovascular disease has a long history. At the beginning of the 20th century, Sir William Osler, the "father" of modern medicine, suggested that a major cause of myocardial infarction was the "wear and tear of life" 1. Systematic research on stress at work began in the late 1970s and early 1980s when Robert Karasek launched the Demand-control model postulating that work stress results from a combination of high psychological job demands and low job control 2-4. More recent work stress theories have broadened the concept beyond these proximal job task characteristics to embrace organizational factors, labour market arrangements, and personal characteristics 5. The Effort-reward imbalance model, for example, proposes that an imbalance between high efforts and low reward at work is a common source of work-related stress 6. High efforts may originate from high demands or obligations at work, but also from a personal motivational pattern characterised by a very high commitment to work. Low rewards, in return, can include material (e.g. low salary), social (e.g. poor job security, few promotion prospects) and psychological aspects (e.g. low appreciation, lack of positive feedback). The
Health Impact of Job stress -A Review
isara solutions, 2021
Stress is an unavoidable characteristic of life. Nowadays stress has become a part of life of every employee. In this study we found how job stress impact on the health of an employee physically and psychologically from the collected data. In this we found some most common factors of job stress and their effects on the health of employee. Job stress impact on the health of employee as Headache, Constipation, Depression, Fatigue, Poor Concentration. It Result in Dissatisfaction of doing things, Low Performance, Decrease in Productivity, Increase in Absenteeism, Poor Relationship with Colleagues and seniors. Stress is an Unavoidable Characteristic of an Employee nowadays. Every working person facing this problem and always try to overcome by choosing different type of curing methods.
Work Stress and Metabolic and Hemostatic Risk Factors
Psychosomatic Medicine, 1999
Objective: A high level of work stress has been associated with cardiovascular disease. However, the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying this association remain unclear. This study examined the effect of work stress on a cluster of metabolic and hemostatic risk factors. Methods: Blood was collected three times, on the first, third, and fifth day of a work week, from 124 middle-aged, white-collar workers. Metabolic measures were insulin, glucose, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and total cholesterol. Hemostatic measures were fibrinogen, tissue-type plasminogen activator activity, tissue-type plasminogen activator antigen, and type 1 plasminogen activator inhibitor antigen. Chronic work stress was defined according to Siegrist's model as 1) a combination of high effort and low reward at work (effort-reward imbalance) or 2) high overcommitment (an exhaustive work-related coping style). Results: Overcommitment, but not imbalance or the imbalanceovercommitment interaction, was associated with an impaired fibrinolytic system, as reflected in decreased tissue-type plasminogen activator activity levels and increased type 1 plasminogen activator inhibitor antigen levels on all three measurement occasions. After controlling for body mass index, total cholesterol, triglycerides, highdensity lipoprotein/low-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio, glucose, and insulin, the relation between overcommitment and the fibrinolytic factors was attenuated but remained significant. Conclusions: The results suggest that individuals with an exhaustive coping style at work have an impaired fibrinolytic capacity that is possibly due to the effects of chronic stress on insulin resistance.
Stress and Health at the Workplace-A Review of the Literature
This review of the literature gives information about work stress, factors in the working environment that cause stressful situations and negative health consequences of the workplace stress. Stressors are pointed out in details that lead to stress at the workplace. Approaches to the stress are explained and most famous models of the stress are assessed critically in this review. This article highlights the work stress and its adverse effects on the physical and mental health of an employee. Finally, recommendations for future research are given and areas are highlighted where there is need of more empirical research.
Investigating the relationship between job stress, workload and oxidative stress in nurses
International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics, 2021
Objectives. Occupational stress and workload are common risk factors among nurses that increase absenteeism, reduce the quality and quantity of patient care, increase care costs and increase the patient safety risk. The relation between these risk factors and oxidative stress levels has not been clearly defined. Methods. This study was conducted with 258 participants (126 nurses as the case group and 132 healthy adults as the control group). Information was collected using a demographic questionnaire, the nurses’ occupational stress scale and the NASA task load index workload questionnaire. Blood samples were taken from the participants and then the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) were measured in the serum samples. Independent t tests and one-way analysis of variance were used for statistical analysis. Results. SOD and TAC were significantly higher and MDA was significantly lower among the case group compared to the control group. TAC levels significantly decreased with increased stress. MDA levels showed negative associations with stress and workload. Nurses experience high levels of occupational stress and workload. Conclusion. Biomarkers such as SOD, TAC and MDA are the most important predictors of work stress and overwork in this study.