Documentation Protocols to Generate Risk Indicators Regarding Degradation Processes for Cultural Heritage Risk Evaluation (original) (raw)
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Nowadays comprehensive management plans are needed for conserving and protecting the immovable cultural heritage in high natural risks-prone areas. In a previous work a seismic risk assessment procedure was proposed, established by applying three different tools addressed to define: seismic vulnerability assessment, hazard mapping and prioritizing assistance based on cultural value. In this paper some applications to case studies of the proposed procedure are shown. In particular, are performed the seismic risk evaluations of two Chilean and two Italian old masonry churches. The seismic vulnerability has been evaluated taken into account some structural indicators such as: the building position and the characteristics of its foundations; geometry in plan and in elevation; distance between walls; the type and quality of the resistant system; horizontal and covering structures; the conservation status; alterations in the construction system and in the environment; vulnerability to fire and the presence of secondary elements that could fall after an earthquake. The seismic hazard is evaluated also including other threats such as: landslides, erosion, physical stress, air pollution, socio-organizational and scarce maintenance, making a hierarchy according to the severity of potential damage on the Cultural Property that can increase seismic risk.
Database for the utilization of diagnostic techniques in the conservation of cultural heritage
International Journal of Educational Research and Studies, 2023
This article records the stages if the implementation of a database (DB), whose main purpose is the gathering of analytic and diagnostic techniques in the field of cultural heritage conservation, as well as the recording of relevant equipment of the research laboratories based in Greece. In particular, the database includes data concerning the following: a) which technique or method is used by each laboratory and to which materials it is applied, b) who is in charge of each laboratory and c) in what way can they utilize these tools and techniques to carry out research. At the same time, the aforementioned techniques and methods are described in the DB for anyone looking for information on these subjects and in particular for the students studying Antiquities and works of art conservation at the vocational high schools in Greece. The main objective of this DB is to be a modern tool for scientists, researchers and students (University and high school) in the field of cultural heritage conservation.
RISK MANAGEMENT STRATEGY FOR CULTURAL HERITAGE
6th International Congress "Science and Technology for the Safeguard of Cultural Heritage in the Mediteranean Basin Proceeding Book 22-25 October 2013 Athens, Greece
Cultural Heritage is threatened by the environmental circumstances, natural disasters and human sourced hazards all around the world. However this threat depends on the frequency of the natural disaster occurence, magnitude, duration and impacted area when it is concerned with the natural disasters, it is spread to much more long-term when the environmental hazards are concerned. Therefore several strategies must be defined for each hazard ( shortterm, medium-term and long-term hazards ) Regarding to conservation terminology , the risk analysis are a study in purpose of determining the damage of potential danger for buildings which is contained archives, collections and estimating the precautions for risk reduction. What may damage the historical buildings, the objects in it, the staff and the visitors/readers and what sort of precautions must be taken to the damage potential hazards is/ must be researched in this study. Buildings, machines, equipments, materials, operations and disasters may damage the objects in the cultural heritage buildings. All destructive factors must be defined and prioritized. After all the vurnerability analysis both determined tolerative hazards and the urgent hazards that need to be precautioned must be evaluated. All the staff who are responsible of cuşltural heritage protection must be educated about the detected risks and emergency situation must be planned and the practices must continue periodically.
Built Heritage: Monitoring Conservation Management
Research for Development, 2015
The restoration and preservation of built cultural heritage requires a good knowledge of its history and its current state of conservation. Heritage conservation professionals are used to perform mappings to record and disseminate data relative to the monument. Data to be collected are heterogeneous, starting from the oldest sources (such as archives or iconographic manuscript) up to field observations. This study is applied to the documentation and analysis of the state of conservation of the East tower in the castle of Chambord. The produced map-pings concern the dating of stonework, the nature and origin of each stone, and the distribution of degradation patterns on the outer walls. To enable the graphical drawing and viewing of the different mappings, it is necessary to produce a suitable digital medium. In this study, the medium is a textured 3D model as a mean to characterize accurately and actually all surfaces, including those that cannot be viewed on a 2D projection. This 3D model is associated to the NUBES database to store and analyse all collected data. NUBES is a web-based open source platform for the representation, documentation and analysis of architectural elements. This information system has been specifically developed to include an interface dedicated to the drawing vector mappings and to their organization into hierarchical layers. Results of this study can be used to improve the monument diagnosis and our knowledge of weathering processes.
2011
The durability of architectural technical solutions and materials, especially regarding historical buildings and monuments, is directly dependent on t he frequency and mode of maintenance. The contribution covers the definition of an operat ional methodology that is based on preventive activities aimed at a programmed maintenance, devel oped on an outstanding case study: the central archaeological area in Rome. The reasons that suggest facilitating inspection an d maintenance-type processes have long been known but have not yet been found the availability of eff ective contributions of an applicative nature. Ensuring the extension of the life cycle of materia ls and components, in fact, is a specific objective of the conservation of historic remains and is conside re a priority to structure maintenance processes aimed at control and "cure" rather than entrust the outcome to a more invasive restoration, sometimes carried out with products and techniques that are d e med to ...
Defining, mapping and assessing deterioration patterns in stone conservation projects
Journal of Cultural Heritage, 2015
Deterioration patterns are the visible consequences of the impact of environment factors on the stone objects. They depend on the type and severity of the external agents and on the type of substrate and its vulnerabilities. When properly understood, they may serve as key-indicators of the decay processes and of the possible causes of the observed damage. Correctly describing the deterioration patterns is an essential requisite when studying exposed stone objects, to understand the problems, to identify conservation needs and to define conservation actions. This paper discusses a few types of deterioration patterns to illustrate the need of choosing accurate definitions to describe them with the aim of reducing ambiguity when crossing the border between theory and practical application. The paper discusses a few deterioration patterns (detachment forms, black crusts and patina) that are currently found in conservation of built cultural heritage to highlight the importance of reducing the ambiguity that is frequently associated to such descriptive terms, aiming at better using them when acting in the passage from diagnostics to conservation actions. When mapping the spatial distribution of deterioration patterns, the most widely used methodologies are appropriate for scientific studies, but their usefulness to prepare and implement conservation interventions is much smaller. The paper proposes an innovative methodology to identify, describe and classify conservation problems and to prepare the documentation to support the tender documents in conservation interventions. A new methodology to help assessing the risk of structural instability and to help defining priorities in maintenance strategies in dry-stone laid constructions is presented.
The International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences
The great technological development in recent years in the field of architectural survey has made possible increasingly expeditious and less invasive investigations with the aim of acquiring a series of data related to the asset and fundamental for the protection of cultural heritage. In addition, the synergy between the various techniques represents an added value able, not only, to fill possible gaps and lacks arising from application limits of the instruments, but also to enhance the peculiarities of the same. This paper presents an integrated survey activity (range-based, image-based and IR thermography techniques) aimed at applying the combination and collaboration of multiple sensors for the analysis and study of historical buildings as well as for the generation of digital repository to support current and future investigations. In particular, the attention has been on the Chiesa dell'Annunziata located in the municipality of Sessa Aurunca in the province of Caserta (Italy). By carrying out a systematic process of survey, colorimetric-material analysis and thermographic investigations, the work has allowed to identify the main forms of degradation that characterize the structure and the causes that generate it. The work conducted through the combination of multiple technologies demonstrates, once again, the importance of synergy and integrations between several instrumentations useful for the documentation of the built heritage, characterized by complex analyses and investigations based on increasingly interdisciplinary approaches.
International Journal for Quality Research
In recent years, the study of the indoor microclimate has assumed increasing importance, especially for the problems associated with the conservation of the cultural heritage housed in museums, galleries and libraries. In this paper, we describe the most important national standards relative to the procedures for the measurements and the analysis of the environmental conditions regarding the preservation of the works of art. These methods are related to the measurement techniques, which have to be applied for monitoring and analyzing the microclimatic conditions of museums, galleries and archives; these norms report, also, the threshold reference values for optimal climatic conditions. Furthermore, we present some considerations on the importance and on the foundations of the proposed scientific/methodological approaches. Finally, we have done a reasoned analysis on some reference values reported by the international regulations with some considerations on the possible chemical/physical mechanisms of degradation of the valuable objects.
Risk assessment and prevention priorities in cultural heritage preservation
Preventive and Planned Conservation Conference (PPC Conference), 2014
European Union has been promoting research actions on cultural heritage, recognizing and underlining its central role for the community policies and establishing its safeguard and valorisation as urgent priorities for the future. A research on rational tools for establishing seismic risk, intervention priorities, and decision-making on renovation of historical buildings and museums, just started at the University of Camerino, School of Architecture and Design, is described in this paper. The basic idea of the research is to develop a probabilistic methodology for the assessment of seismic risk of cultural heritage starting from the Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research (PEER) approach, consisting of a general framework where the risk problem is decomposed into its three main features (i.e. seismic hazard, vulnerability and losses), analysed in a rigorous and consistent interdependent manner. The application of this methodology to cultural heritage requires investigations and original proposals on various open issues. This paper reports some results concerning the general methodology and preliminary analyses of a case study.