Health Impacts of Surface Ozone in Outdoor and Indoor Environments of Hattar Industrial Units, KPK, Pakistan (original) (raw)
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Indian Journal of Science and Technology
Objectives: The present study was focused on the 8-hour average concentration of ground-level ozone in the city of Visakhapatnam for three years in a row, i.e. 2017, 2018, and 2019, and the effects of ozone on human life, the environment, and building materials. Method: The data of 8-Hour average groundlevel ozone concentration was collected for the study from the Central Control Room for Air Quality Management-All India, Central Pollution Control Board. Data available from the source were analyzed and compared to the NAAQS, India and the data was tabulated and showed specifically the number of times the 8 Hour average ground-level ozone surpassed in a month, for a clearer understanding. Findings: Study results show that the air quality of ozone levels during winters showed maximum unhealthy hours. The trends of maximum recorded 8-Hour average concentration of ozone levels in a day are also increasing year by year. Recommendations: It is recommended to be safe indoors during high ozone days for the people with comorbidities, children, Women in pregnant, people active in outdoor activities and it is further advised to reduce ozone exposure it's safe to wear washable 6-layer N99 and PM2.5 face mask during winters especially from November to February. Schools may be cautioned to discontinue the open-air physical activity during this period. Creating ozone forecasts accessible to the public is important, and the local and national laws should be strengthened to combat ozone pollution.
Examining the Relationship between Ozone and other Air Pollutants in Al-Hilla City
Journal of University of Babylon for Engineering Sciences
Air pollution must take more attention because its effects on human health. One of the most important air pollutants is ground-level ozone O3, which plays an important role in air quality and climate change on the earth. Ozone affected by the other air pollutants, so this paper attempt to study the relationship between hourly, daily and monthly ground-level ozone concentration and hourly, daily and monthly air pollutant concentrations and its effect on ground-level ozone concentration. The other air pollutants are: sulfur dioxide SO2, nitrogen oxides NOx, nitrogen monoxide NO, nitrogen dioxide NO2 and carbon dioxide CO2. The monitoring station is in Babylon University in the south of Al-Hilla city, Iraq for the period 2015-2016. By using statistical analysis, correlation coefficient and some statistics for all air pollutants are computed. Results are: the maximum average ozone concentration is in the summer months June, July and August 39.30 ppb, 45.05 ppb and 36.63 ppb respectively...
Toxin Reviews, 2016
Ozone is a highly oxidative compound and is one of the important pollutants present in the atmosphere and at ground level. Concentration of ground-level ozone (GLO) pollutant depends on different factors such as the amount of VOC and NO X , heat and location in the atmosphere. Ozone can cause health effects such as problems to breathe deeply and vigorously, inflame and damage the airways, bronchitis, reduced lung function in children and adults, emphysema and increase the frequency of asthma attacks. In this work, we focused on the determination of number of hospital admissions associated with ozone in Ahvaz with population of 1 000 000, during 2013. In this study, ozone data collections were through Iranian Environmental Protection Agency (Iranian EPA) and Meteorological Organization. Ozone data and meteorological parameters were used in Excel software to prepare input file of AirQ model. After running model, outputs presented in term of hospital admissions of ozone exposure were calculated. According to this study, ''Havashenasi'' and ''Naderi'' had the lowest and the highest ozone concentrations. Results of this study showed that if ozone concentrations were more than 20 mg/m 3 , approximately 12% hospital admissions were attributed by this pollutant. The results showed that the concentration of ozone was related to Ahvaz with an annual average of 223 mg/m 3. Ozone concentration in Ahvaz was higher than standard. Mitigation measures in industries and transportation system in Ahvaz metropolitan is recommending to reduce the level of ozone in the ambient air. Changing the fuel process and using upgraded vehicles could be possibly very effective to diminish the impact of this pollutants on citizens.
Ground-level Concentration of Ozone in Ambient Air in Chittagong (Bangladesh) City
Bangladesh Journal of Scientific and Industrial Research, 2012
The distribution of the ground-level ozone concentration in Chittagong city was continuously monitored at air monitoring station in Chittagong city during period of December 2006 to December 2007. The results of this study have revealed that the ground-level ozone concentration in Chittagong city varied from season to season. The highest ground-level ozone concentration was found in winter. The groundlevel ozone concentration has also a clear diurnal cycle - with higher values in the daytime and notably becomes zero at night depending on season. Meteorological conditions are known to influence the formation and dispersion of ground-level ozone concentration. At temperature lower than 20°C, the concentration of ozone becomes high where as at high temperature (> 30°C), the concentration becomes low. It has also been found that at low wind speed, the ozone concentration is high and at high wind speed, the concentration becomes low due to dispersion. The results also establish that t...
Characteristics of the Ozone pollution and its health effects in India
Surface level ozone is one of the important air pollutants. It is formed by the reaction of atmospheric pollutants in the presence of sunlight. The surface ozone shows temporal and spatial variations in the country. The levels are maximum during summer and minimum in monsoon seasons. The levels are maximum during daytime and minimum during night or early morning. In India, surface ozone levels are above the recommended threshold of 8 hour average of 100 µg/m 3 for air quality monitoring at various stations. Exposure to high levels of surface ozone causes number of health problems. Short term exposure causes drop in lung function measures and it also affects the lung's mucociliary function thereby increasing the susceptibility to bacterial infections. With increase in surface ozone levels, there is likelihood of an increase in risk of hospital admissions for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Diseases (COPD) and the number of cardiovascular and respiratory deaths. In children, increase in ozone concentration is associated with increase in hospital admissions and unscheduled asthma medications. The high levels of surface ozone are becoming a threat to people's health and so surface ozone levels have to be monitored and steps taken to reduce their levels.
E3S Web of Conferences
Several epidemiological and toxicological studies have shown that exposure to surface ozone increases deaths and illnesses. Deteriorating air quality could lead to health concerns in emerging countries such as Morocco. The aim of the present study was to investigate the long-term impact of ozone on the health of Agadir residents by using the AirQ+ model. The exposure reference values in 2016 were the daily and yearly average concentrations. Two monitoring stations provided the average ozone concentration per hour. The yearly total of maximum 8-hour ozone levels over 35 ppb was used to forecast probable long-term health impacts. As a health indicator, specific mortality for respiratory disorders was considered. According to the health impact assessment, the yearly cumulative incidence was estimated to 419.5 per 100,000 population. A reduction in ozone concentrations to less than 100 μg/m3 might prevent 13 deaths per year (95% CI: 5–22), with an estimated attributable proportion of 0....
An Assessment of Ozone Levels in Typical Urban Areas in the Malaysian Peninsular
Air quality studies were carried out in the towns of Putrajaya, Petaling Jaya and Nilai in the Malaysian Peninsular. In this study, the variations of Ozone (O 3 ) concentrations over a four year period (2008-2011) were investigated using data obtained from the Malaysian Department of the Environment (DOE). This study aims to identify and describe the daily and monthly variations of O 3 concentrations at the monitoring sites mentioned. The SPPS program (Statistical Package for the Social Science) was used to analyze this data in order to obtain the variations of O 3 and also to clarify the relationship between the stations. The findings of the study revealed that the highest concentration of O3 occurred during the midday and afternoon (between 13:00-15:00 hrs). The comparison between stations also showed that highest O 3 concentrations were recorded in Putrajaya. The comparisons of average and maximum concentrations of O 3 for the three stations showed that the strongest significant correlation was recorded in the Petaling Jaya station with the value R 2 = 0.667. Results from this study indicate that in the urban areas of Peninsular Malaysia, the concentration of O 3 depends on the concentration of NOx. Furthermore, HYSPLIT back trajectories (-72h) indicated that air-mass transport patterns can also influence the O 3 concentration in the areas studied.
An Investigation into Ozone Concentration at Urban and Rural Monitoring Stations in Malaysia
This study investigated the relationship between urban and rural ozone concentrations and quantified the extent to which ambient rural conditions and the concentrations of other pollutants can be used to predict urban ozone concentrations. The study describes the variations of ozone in weekday and weekends as well as the daily maximum recorded at selected monitoring stations. The results showed that Putrajaya station had the highest concentrations of O 3 on weekend due the titration of NO during the weekday. Additionally, Jerantut had the lowest average concentration with a reading value high on Wednesdays. The comparisons of average and maximum concentrations of ozone for the three stations showed that the strongest significant correlation is recorded in Jerantut station with the value R 2 = 0.769. Ozone concentrations originating from a neighbouring urban site form a better predictor to the urban ozone concentrations than widespread rural ozone at some levels of temporal averaging. It is found that in urban and rural of Malaysian peninsular, the concentration of ozone depends on the concentration of NOx and seasonal meteorological factors. The HYSPLIT Model (the northeast monsoon) showed that the wind direction can also influence the concentration of ozone in the atmosphere in the studied areas.
Seasonal variation of Ozone in Industrial area of Singrauli, India
The seasonal variation in average ozone concentrations ranges from 15.45 ± 0.57 µg/m during April 3 to June (summer) to a high value of 28.19 ± 1.38 µg/m during October to January (winter) at sampling location 3 Khairi where as concentrations ranges from 23.82 ± 1.06 µg/m during April to June (summer) to a high value 3 of 39.83 ± 1.67 µg/m during October to January (winter) at sampling location Singrauli. Ozone concentrations 3 are observed to be highest during winter month (52.44 ± 0.90 in January at Singrauli sampling location) due to higher amounts of precursor gases, in spite of lower solar radiation at all sampling locations. Higher levels of precursors during winter are due to large scale transportation from the continents and lower boundary layer heights. In the body, ozone reacts with lung tissue and can inflame, harmful changes in breathing passages, decrease the lungs' working ability and cause coughing and chest pains.