Synthesis and Characterization of Magnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles Suitable for Hyperthermia (original) (raw)
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Nanomaterials
The design of core-shell nanocomposites composed of an iron oxide core and a silica shell offers promising applications in the nanomedicine field, especially for developing efficient theranostic systems which may be useful for cancer treatments. This review article addresses the different ways to build iron oxide@silica core-shell nanoparticles and it reviews their properties and developments for hyperthermia therapies (magnetically or light-induced), combined with drug delivery and MRI imaging. It also highlights the various challenges encountered, such as the issues associated with in vivo injection in terms of NP–cell interactions or the control of the heat dissipation from the core of the NP to the external environment at the macro or nanoscale.
Surface Engineering of Core/Shell Iron/Iron Oxide Nanoparticles from Microemulsions for Hyperthermia
Materials science & engineering. C, Materials for biological applications, 2010
This paper describes the synthesis and surface engineering of core/shell-type iron/iron oxide nanoparticles for magnetic hyperthermia cancer therapy. Iron/iron oxide nanoparticles were synthesized from microemulsions of NaBH(4) and FeCl(3), followed by surface modification in which a thin hydrophobic hexamethyldisilazane layer - used to protect the iron core - replaced the CTAB coating on the particles. Phosphatidylcholine was then assembled on the nanoparticle surface. The resulting nanocomposite particles have a biocompatible surface and show good stability in both air and aqueous solution. Compared to iron oxide nanoparticles, the nanocomposites show much better heating in an alternating magnetic field. They are good candidates for both hyperthermia and magnetic resonance imaging applications.
Citrate capped superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles used for hyperthermia therapy
Journal of Biomedical Science and Engineering, 2012
Superparamagnetic magnetite nanoparticles (MNP) of about 10 nm were designed with proper physicochemical characteristics by an economic, biocompatible chemical co-precipitation of Fe 2+ and Fe 3+ in an ammonia solution, for hyperthermia applications. Synthetic methodology has been developed to get a well dispersed and homogeneous aqueous suspension of MNPs. Citric acid was used to stabilize the magnetite particle suspension, it was anchored on the surface of freshly prepared MNPs by direct addition method. Carboxylic acid terminal group not only render the particles more water dispersible but also provides a site for further surface modification. The naked MNPs are often insufficient for their stability, hydrophilicity and further functionalization. To overcome these limitations, citric acid was conjugated on the surface of the MNPs. The microstructure and morphology of the nanoparticles were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and the interaction between citric acid and MNPs were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), whereas the magnetic properties were investigated by vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM). Magnetic measurement revealed that the saturation magnetization of the nanoparticles was 74 emu/g and the nanoparticles were superparamagnetic at room temperature. We also have analyzed the potential of these particles for hyperthermia by determination of the specific absorption rate, the temperature increase (ΔT) of the particles was 37˚C. These ferrofluids with high self-heating capacity are a promising candidate for cancer hyperthermia treatment.
Core/shell iron/iron oxide nanoparticles: are they promising for magnetic hyperthermia
Core/shell iron/iron oxide nanoparticles have been proposed as a promising system for biomedical applications, because they combine a core (iron) with a high magnetic moment and a shell (iron oxide) with good biocompatibility. However, due to the interdiffusion of atoms between the core and the shell, with increasing time the core progressively shrinks until the particles eventually become hollow or nearly hollow, and as a result, the magnetic properties of these nanoparticles progressively deteriorate, negatively affecting their biomedical capabilities. In this article, we have studied the change of the morphology of the nanoparticles, from core/shell to hollow, depending on their size, and analyzed how this affects their magnetic and heating properties for magnetic hyperthermia. We have synthesized three core/shell samples with average sizes of 8, 12, and 14 nm. We have observed that with increasing size, the magnetic properties and the heating efficiency of the core/shell nanoparticles are improved and at the same time, they become more stable and retain their core/shell morphology for a longer period of time, making them more desirable for biomedical applications. As the nanoparticles become hollow, their saturation magnetization continuously decreases, and the heating efficiency also decays, rendering them less useful for magnetic hyperthermia application.
Preparation and characterization of iron oxide nanoparticles for application in biomedicine
2009
Recently, multifunctional magnetic nanostructures have been found to have potential applications in biomedical and tissue engineering. Iron oxide nanoparticles are biocompatible and have distinctive magnetic properties that allow their use in vivo for drug delivery and hyperthermia, and as T 2 contrast agents for magnetic resonance imaging. Hydroxyapatite is used frequently due to its well-known biocompatibility, bioactivity, and lack of toxicity, so a combination of iron oxide and hydroxyapatite materials could be useful because hydroxyapatite has better bone-bonding ability. In this study, we prepared nanocomposites of iron oxide and hydroxyapatite and analyzed their physicochemical properties. The results suggest that these composites have superparamagnetic as well as biocompatible properties. This type of material architecture would be well suited for bone cancer therapy and other biomedical applications.
RSC Advances, 2013
Polyhedral magnetic iron oxide nanocrystals with multiple facets have been embedded in biocompatible and biodegradable polymeric matrices in order to study their structural, magnetic features and alternating-current (AC) magnetic heating efficiency. The encapsulation of iron oxide nanoparticles into a polymer matrix was confirmed by transmission electron microscopy and further corroborated by high angle annular dark field scanning transmission electron microscopy (HAADF-STEM). HAADF-STEM tomography proved that the iron oxide nanocrystals consist of well-defined polyhedral structures with multiple facets. The magnetic features were found to be in good agreement with the structural and morphological features and are maintained even after encapsulation. Furthermore, the magnetic nanoparticles inside these matrices may be considered as good candidates for biomedical applications in hyperthermia treatments because of their high heating capacity exhibited under an alternating magnetic field. The anticancer Taxol drug was encapsulated in these nanoparticles and its physical state and release rate at 37 and 42 C was studied.
The synthesis of iron oxide nanocrystals from reagents taken from high street sources using thermal decomposition of an iron–fatty acid precursor in a high boiling point solvent in the presence of surfactants is presented. The nanocrystals were characterised using a variety of techniques including: electron microscopy, X-ray dispersive spectroscopy, infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and magnetometry. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) is also used to compare the decomposition behaviour of iron oleate and iron palmitate, our nanoparticle precursors. The nanoparticles also exhibit shape anisotropy when prepared under optimum conditions. We show that these nanoparticles have potential in magnetic hyperthermia after transfer to aqueous media via an amphiphilic polymer
Functionalized magnetic iron oxide/alginate core-shell nanoparticles for targeting hyperthermia
International Journal of Nanomedicine, 2015
Hyperthermia is one of the promising treatments for cancer therapy. However, the development of a magnetic fluid agent that can selectively target a tumor and efficiently elevate temperature while exhibiting excellent biocompatibility still remains challenging. Here a new core-shell nanostructure consisting of inorganic iron oxide (Fe 3 O 4) nanoparticles as the core, organic alginate as the shell, and cell-targeting ligands (ie, D-galactosamine) decorated on the outer surface (denoted as Fe 3 O 4 @Alg-GA nanoparticles) was prepared using a combination of a pre-gel method and coprecipitation in aqueous solution. After treatment with an AC magnetic field, the results indicate that Fe 3 O 4 @Alg-GA nanoparticles had excellent hyperthermic efficacy in a human hepatocellular carcinoma cell line (HepG2) owing to enhanced cellular uptake, and show great potential as therapeutic agents for future in vivo drug delivery systems.