Tales of Migration from the Global South. The Civilized and Uncivilized Migrant in the Narratives of La Tercera and El Mercurio (original) (raw)
Related papers
The Chilean State and the search for a new migration policy
2013
Resumen: Considerar a Chile como un país receptor de inmigrantes es algo definitivamente nuevo. De hecho la migración neta en Chile aún es negativa. Durante los últimos veinte años, sin embargo, se ha observado un cambio en los flujos migratorios al país. Esto ha sido resultado del proceso de democratización luego del fin de la dictadura de Pinochet, un progreso económico continuado durante este período, y a la percepción de un país social y políticamente tranquilo en comparación con sus vecinos. Entre los años 1992 y 2012 el stock migratorio en Chile aumento desde 114 mil personas a unas 352 mil; provenientes principalmente de Perú, Argentina y otros países de las Américas. Los gobiernos democráticos posteriores a la dictadura han tenido desde 1990 un comportamiento errático respecto de este aumento migratorio. Mientras que en el discurso el Estado plantea que los inmigrantes deben ser recibidos con respeto a los tratados internacionales firmados por el país, en la práctica se utilizan las mismas leyes migratorias desarrolladas y aplicadas durante la dictadura. De la misma manera, la implementación de nuevas políticas y leyes ha sido igualmente inconsistente. Mientras algunos organismos del estado crean programas para promover la integración social de los inmigrantes, otros restringen la adaptación e interpretan negativamente las resoluciones judiciales con relación a los inmigrantes. En este contexto burocrático, este artículo examina los últimos intentos que el estado chilena a seguido para construir una nueva ley migratoria, así como su posible implementación y los efectos que estas leyes y políticas puedan tener en los procesos de desarrollo social, político y económico del país. Abstract: Considering Chile an immigration country is a new thing; in fact its net migration is still negative. The last twenty years, however, have seen a change in the migration flows to the country. This has been result of the democratization process after the end of Pinochet’s dictatorship, a continuous economic progress and a perception of a country in social tranquility when compared with its neighbors. Between 1992 and 2012, immigration has increased from about 114,000 people to 352,000, primarily from Peru, Argentina and other South American and Latin American countries. The democratic governments have had since 1990 an erratic approach to this increase in migration. While in the discourse the state argues that migrants must be received with respect to migration international treaties signed by the country; in practice the same migration policies and laws developed during the dictatorship are still in use. Consequently, policy implementation has been equally inconsistent; some departments create programs to encourage social integration, while others attempt to restrict immigrant adaptation and have mismanaged judicatory claims. Within this bureaucratic context, this paper examines Chile’s current attempts to construct migration policies and its implementation, and the possible effects that these policies might have in the social, political and economic development of the country.
Migration Policy and Development in Chile
International Migration, 2014
Current and prospective migration law and policy in Chile does not adequately incorporate the causes, content, and consequences of international migration to and from Chile. We describe and examine migration in-flows, out-flows, and migration-related policies and how those policies drive, and are driven by, notions of development in Chile. We explore contradictions in Chilean nascent migration policy currently under legislative review. We argue that it is imperative that migration, migration policy, and their relationship to development be discussed inclusively and transparently and be explicitly incorporated into the Chilean government’s nascent migration and development legal policies and frameworks.
TRENDS AND DETERMINANTS OF COLOMBIAN MIGRATION TO CHILE
2020
International news often give voice to Latin American migration aiming at Europe or especially the US, yet rarely do we hear about migration within the region. However, steadily increasing trend of intraregional migration has developed over the past decades, which has seen some Latin American countries – such as Colombia – issuing major outflows, while others – including Chile – has become regional migration-receiving countries. These changing migration processes fundamentally shape the societies and economies of Latin America. Economic factors and internal conflicts have caused extensive emigration from Colombia, and with outflows growing, the volume to Chile has enlarged and the number of Colombians residing in Chile has increased sixfold within less than twenty years. Chile – in many aspects, being one of the most successful countries in Latin America – is chosen among Colombians, who want to enjoy a better quality of life, nevertheless, it is the objective of the study to deepen our understanding of the determining factors. This article outlines trends in the volume and composition of Colombian outflows to Chile in the 21st century. The paper is dedicated to search for answers and explanations to questions such as: What forces drive Colombian migration and what attracts them in Chile? What are the main determinants of Colombian outflows to Chile? Understanding migratory behavior is an everlasting difficulty both for social sciences and economics, but available statistics on migration flows, surveys, Chilean legislation and further macro-data allow the analysis of migration trends that characterize Colombian emigration to Chile. Globalization, political situations, income disparities and economic imbalances have all contributed to the currently increased movements of Colombians to Chile, posing challenges for both the origin and destination country. Keywords: intraregional migration, determinants of migration, Latin America, Colombia, Chile
Amid Record Numbers of Arrivals, Chile Turns Rightward on Immigration
2018
Introduction: One of South America’s most stable countries economically and politically, Chile has become an attractive destination for migrants from the Americas and other regions. Following the country’s emergence from dictatorship in 1990, the foreign-born population increased more than four-fold, to nearly 478,000 in 2016. The pace of arrivals has quickened in recent years: Between 2010 and 2015, immigration to Chile grew at a faster rate than anywhere else in Latin America. While the immigrant share of the total population in Chile remained small in 2015, at just under 3 percent, it was surpassed in the region only by that of Argentina and Venezuela.
A study of migration to Greater Santiago (Chile)
Demography, 1966
Summary The most significant results of a survey in Greater Santiago in 1962 by the Latin American Demographic Center are presented in this paper. The population studied had slightly more than 2 million inhabitants at the time the survey was taken. A probability sample was drawn and interviews were taken without regard to the migration status of the household. The interview schedules were designed to obtain data on the demographic and social aspects of the migrant as contrasted with the non-migrant population. Migration history, the objective and subjective factors that appear to have “motivated” movement to Santiago, and other aspects oj the migratory move itself were also topics of inquiry. Tabulations of this survey portray Santiago as a city of great in-migration. The flow is estimated to be between 1.5 and 1.7 percent per year. Among the population 15 years of age or over, about 50 percent were found to be migrants from outside the metropolitan area. A high level of flow has be...
2013
Background: Several studies in high-income countries report better health status of immigrants compared to the local population ("healthy migrant" effect), regardless of their socioeconomic deprivation. This is known as the Latino paradox. Aim: To test the Latino paradox within Latin America by assessing the health of international immigrants to Chile, most of them from Latin American countries, and comparing them to the Chilean-born. Material and Methods: Secondary data analysis of the population-based CASEN survey-2006. Three health outcomes were included: disability, illness/accident, and cancer/chronic condition (dichotomous). Demographics (age, sex, marital status, urban/rural, ethnicity), socioeconomic-status (SES: educational level, employment status and household income per-capita), and material standards (overcrowding, sanitation, housing quality). Crude and adjusted weighted regression models were performed. Results: One percent of Chile's population were immigrants, mainly from other Latin American countries. A "healthy migrant" effect appeared within the total immigrant population: this group had a significantly lower crude prevalence of almost all health indicators than the Chilean-born, which remained after adjusting for various demographic characteristics. However, this effect lost significance when adjusting by SES for most outcomes. The Latino paradox was not observed for international immigrants compared to the local population in Chile. Also, health of immigrants with the longest time of residency showed similar health rates to the Chilean-born. Conclusions: The Latino paradox was not observed in Chile. Protecting low SES immigrants in Chile could have large positive effects in their health at arrival and over time.
2018
The seminar Transformations Beyond Borders: Chile and Latin America in the Global Context took place on the 5th of October 2018, thanks to the generous funding of ChileGlobal and artsmethods@manchester. Organised by Maria Montt, Denisse Sepúlveda, Marisol Verdugo and Gabriela Zapata Román, the conference brought together a range of disciplines and presenters who discussed recent political, economic and cultural transformations in Latin America, such as new migration flows, the strengthening of indigenous claims, and the recent ‘feminist waves’ -to name just a few- that have had strong impacts on social relationships. The seminar interrogated contemporary processes in Chile and Latin America in light of local, regional and global transformations, and invited researchers interested in ongoing transformations on gender, indigeneity, migration, politics, territorial identities and beyond. With presenters from over ten universities from Latin America and Europe, and attracting more than forty attendees, the main themes discussed were divided among the following panels (full programme available below): Ethnic Identities: The case of Mapuche people; Migration, Education and Identities; Race and Representations; and Gender and Politics. The opening talk was delivered by Professor Anne Lavanchy, University of Applied Sciences and Arts Western Switzerland. Professor Lavanchy specialises in political and legal anthropology, anthropology of institutions and kinship, and has published several articles on research methods and ethics. Her talk, titled Being Indigenous, or the Obligation to ‘stay put’. Indigeneity, Belongings, and Othering Processes in Southern Chile, explored the ways in which the Chilean Indigenous Law frames the Mapuche relationship to the land. Her analysis draws on fieldwork conducted since the early 2000 with Mapuche communities in Southern Chile, specifically in the Elicura valley, Province of Arauco. The keynote was delivered by Professor Maxine Molyneux, Professor of Sociology at University College of London. Professor Molyneux has written extensively in the fields of political sociology, gender and development, human rights and social policy; she has acted as a senior adviser, consultant and researcher to UNRISD, UNIFEM and UN Women on a variety of research projects, as well as to IDRC (Canada), and Oxfam; among others. Her talk offered analytic reflections on feminism as a political movement, describing the evolution of feminisms in Argentina Chile and Uruguay, and then moving on to focus on contemporary history considering the differences between the feminism of the early 2nd wave and the new wave that we see breaking across the world today. The seminar also included a talk on the role of statistics in Social Sciences and Social Change by Dr Patricio Troncoso, from The University of Manchester. The organisers would like to warmly thanks Chile Global Seminars UK, artsmethods@manchester, Marca Chile, the SALC Graduate School staff, Professor Armando Barrientos, Doctor Gillian Evans, and our great photographer Daniel Díaz. We would also like to thank our special guests Professor Maxine Molyneux and Professor Anne Lavanchy, as well as all our presenters and attendees.
Global Histories: Vol. 7 No. 2 (2021), 2022
In 2018, the Chilean president Sebastián Piñera launched a new migration policy that changed the situation in Chile for all current and prospective migrants. This paper addresses these new migration norms in Chile by focusing on how racism and aporophobia form the basis of new imaginaries towards "otherness". These circumstances are a direct consequence of the transnational migration phenomenon or South-South migration that Latin America, since the end of the twentieth century, has experienced. Therefore, this work will provide a global perspective of this migratory phenomenon in order to explain contemporary and contradictory narratives about migrants. Here, through an analysis of newspapers, a journalistic discourse is constructed in which the government and various social actors, such as religious and human rights institutions, contrast, contradict, and highlight the objective of this new policy by displaying its discriminatory characteristics.