Congenital Tuberculosis (original) (raw)

A Review on Congenital Tuberculosis

Med Phoenix

Background: Congenital tuberculosis is defined as infection acquired to a newborn from infected mother by Mycobacterium tuberculosis bacilli during the intrauterine period or during normal birth. Though tuberculosis infection is very common all over the world, congenital tuberculosis is rare and mortality is 50%. Nonspecific symptoms in congenital tuberculosis and difficulties encountered in the diagnosis of tuberculosis in general, make it difficult to reach a final diagnosis so congenital tuberculosis is generally known clinically during the first postnatal month. Maternal tuberculosis is common but congenital tuberculosis is rare and fatal. Also the clinical features are not specific but diagnosis is difficult. So screening of all pregnant ladies can help in early diagnosis and prevention of congenital tuberculosis. Methods: This article has been produced by analyzing various publications since 1998 till date, and by using search gear, pub med, hinari and google. result: Around 350 cases have been reported so far from different part of the world. There is paucity of data from our part of world. Conclusion: The difficulties in diagnostic and therapeutic conduct of this disease, which are of great interest to public health, points to the need to develop specific protocols.

Congenital tuberculosis: A case report and review of the literature

Nigerian Journal of Paediatrics, 2012

Congenital tuberculosis (TB) is a rare infection transmitted from a mother to her foetus, either through an infected placenta or amniotic fluid. Congenital tuberculosis was previously thought to be rare but recent changes in the epidemiology of TB, have resulted in an increased risk. 1 Affected infants usually present with non specific signs and symptoms, hence a high index of suspicion is required to make a diagnosis. Fewer than 300 cases have been reported worldwide till date 1 and to the knowledge of the authors, there have been only three reported cases in Nigeria. 2-4 We herein report a case of congenital tuberculosis with a review of other published cases in this high TB prevalent region of Southern Nigeria with the aim of creating awareness of its existence in this region.

Congenital Tuberculosis in a Neonate: A Case Report and Literature Review

Frontiers in Pediatrics, 2019

Congenital tuberculosis (TB) is difficult to detect because the disease presents few or no symptoms in the fetus during pregnancy and nonspecific symptoms in neonates. We reviewed 20 cases of congenital TB reported between 2011 and 2017 and report a case of a mother and her 8 days old neonate with congenital TB. In these 21 cases (including our case), the most common clinical presentations were respiratory distress, fever, and hepatosplenomegaly. The most common chest imaging findings were pneumonia, multiple pulmonary nodules, and miliary pattern. The mortality rate of infants with TB was increased ∼2.2-fold if their mothers had no symptoms. The case reported herein concerns an 8 days old neonate with the rare presentation of a 2 days history of fever, followed by abdominal distension without respiratory symptoms. Computed tomography (CT) imaging exhibited a large amount of right pleural effusion. Multiple antimicrobial therapies were administered to the neonate; however, his symptoms persisted. Repeat CT was used to identify a progressed disease with multiple nodules over the lung, spleen, and hepatic hilar region. Standard anti-TB medications were prescribed, and the patient recovered gradually. Both gastric lavage and pleural effusion cultures confirmed the diagnosis of TB. The neonate's mother denied any TB contact history and the diagnosis of any medical disease during pregnancy, but she experienced a fulminant course of miliary TB and was admitted to the intensive care unit 24 days postpartum. She died despite receiving anti-TB treatment. In TB-endemic areas, congenital TB should be taken into consideration when neonates develop fever, respond poorly to antimicrobial treatment, and when their mothers deny any TB contact history.

Congenital Tuberculosis in a Neonate: A Diagnostic Dilemma

Journal of Neonatal Surgery, 2014

Though tuberculosis (TB) among pregnant women is not unusual in our country, documented cases of congenital tuberculosis are rare. Diagnosis is often difficult as signs and symptoms in a neonate are non- specific. Maternal history of tuberculosis is often missed, as many of them are asymptomatic. Here we present a neonate who was operated in view of intestinal obstruction which intra operatively showed disseminated abdominal tuberculosis with infected ascites.

Congenital Tuberculosis: A Case Report

Clinical Pediatrics, 2005

Congenital tuberculosis is insufficiently understood and has been rarely reported even in areas endemic for the disease. Unless a high index of suspicion is maintained, the diagnosis can be missed. A case of congenital tuberculosis is herein reported to

A Case of Congenital Tuberculosis in a Tertiary Care Hospital

Journal of Enam Medical College, 2012

Congenital tuberculosis is an unusual and severe clinical presentation of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) infection. It is usually difficult to diagnose and treat. We report a tenweek-old male infant who had presented with fever, difficulty in breathing, abdominal distension, convulsion, low weight gain since one month of his age. The diagnosis was made by demonstration of MTB bacilli in the gastric aspirate of baby and chest radiography. Treatment with the four drug regimen including streptomycin was initiated, but the baby died on the third day of ATT. This case gives an account of difficulties in diagnosis and therapeutic management of congenital tuberculosis and alerts for development of protocols that foresee these difficulties. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jemc.v1i2.11469 J Enam Med Col 2011; 1(2): 85-87

Congenital Tuberculosis in an Infant – Epidemiological Investigation

SAARC Journal of Tuberculosis, Lung Diseases and HIV/AIDS

Congenital Tuberculosis was diagnosed in a 40-days-old premature infant. The infant had fever. A chest radiograph showed infiltrates which was thought to be bacterial infection. Gastric aspirate revealed acidfast bacilli by Ziehl-Neelsen staining and fluorescent microscopy later confirmed to be Mycobacterium tuberculosis by Gene Xpert MTB/RIF test. Her 22 years old mother was later diagnosed as a case of tuberculosis with symptoms, signs and radiologic manifestation of mild pleural effusion with infiltration. Infant was treated with isoniazid, syrup rifampicin, pyrazinamide and pyridoxine and mother with RNTCP Cat I regimen.

Congenital Tuberculosis: A Newborn Case Report With Rare Manifestation

Iranian Red Crescent Medical Journal, 2016

Introduction: Congenital tuberculosis is an infrequently encountered condition and only 300 cases were reported in the literature till 1989. There are no specific signs and symptoms pathognomonic for congenital TB, and the devastating consequences in the absence of early therapy signify the importance of early diagnosis and treatment during the neonatal period. Case Presentation: In this paper we report on a case of congenital TB in a newborn who was admitted to our clinic with seizures and intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) due to TB meningitis. Her mother was diagnosed with active pulmonary TB and treated with a multi-drug anti-tuberculosis regimen. Her screening for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) was negative. Cerebrospinal fluid was collected and showed protein levels at 300 mg/dL, glucose at 27 mg/dL (serum glucose level was 76 mg/dL), many RBC, and a positive result for acid-fast bacilli on smear microscopy, all of which were compatible with tuberculous meningitis. Conclusions: It is important to consider TB meningitis in newborns with perinatal IVH and concomitant hydrocephalus particularly when the mother has a history of TB prior to or during pregnancy.