Microplastic Toxicity and Trophic Transfer in Freshwater Organisms: Ecotoxicological and Genotoxic Assessment in Spirodela polyrhiza (L.) Schleid. and Echinogammarus veneris (Heller, 1865) Treated with Polyethylene Microparticles (original) (raw)
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Science of the Total Environment, 2021
In contrast to marine ecosystems, the toxicity impact of microplastics in freshwater environments is poorly understood. This contribution reviews the literature on the range of effects of microplastics across and between trophic levels within the freshwater environment, including biofilms, macrophytes, phytoplankton, invertebrates, fish and amphibians. While there is supporting evidence for toxicity in some species e.g. growth reduction for photoautotrophs, increased mortality for some invertebrates, genetic changes in amphibians, and cell internalization of microplastics and nanoplastics in fish; other studies show that it is uncertain whether microplastics can have detrimental long-term impacts on ecosystems. Some taxa have yet to be studied e.g. benthic diatoms, while only 12% of publications on microplastics in freshwater, demonstrate trophic transfer
Ecotoxicological effects of microplastics and adsorbed contaminants on aquatic organisms
Manglar, 2019
Microplastic (< 5 mm) pollution have raised concern on behalf of the scientific community and the general public. Microplastic occurrence in aquatic environments and organisms have been well documented. However, it is in recent years that the ecotoxicological effects of microplastics have begun to be studied. The aim of the present study was to review, evaluate and discuss the current state of art regarding microplastic and related contaminants ecotoxicological effects in microalgae, crustaceans, molluscs and fish. The results of previous studies have proven growth inhibition and chlorophyll-a decrease in microalgae. Ingestion by small crustaceans and population reduction have been evidenced. Biomarkers in bivalves and fish have shown neurotoxic effects and oxidative stress, along with abnormal behavior. The current state of art lacks realistic parameters and microplastic concentrations to assess environmental pollution. The need for further research was discussed.
Ecotoxicity of Microplastics in Freshwater Biota
International Journal of Innovative Technology and Exploring Engineering, 2020
Micro plastics are primarily classified as individual pieces of synthetic material made of wide range of organic polymers which is generally called as ‘plastic’. Micro plastics are generally preproduction pellets, micro beads, polymer fibers and degraded micro plastic. Micro plastics make up to as much as 85 percentage of the plastic pollution in the shorelines. This large percentage in the total number of pollutant causes ecological stress caused by the biomagnifications along the food chain. Estimations show that globally majority of micro plastics comes from the runoff of 10 rivers along which includes the Ganges and Indus. To understand the role rivers, play as micro plastic carriers from land to oceans, the sampling of micro plastic is done at the relatively less populated part of Noyyal river and test are carried out to identify presence of micro plastic in the sample. Visual Identification method was used to identify the micro plastic components with relative ease and economy.