Beneficial Effects ofOcimum gratissimumAqueous Extract on Rats with CCl4-Induced Acute Liver Injury (original) (raw)
Related papers
Pharmacologyonline, 2010
The aim of this investigation was to evaluate the efficacy of Ocimum gratissimum ethanolic extracts (OGEE) of leaves on the experimental hepatotoxicity induced by carbon tetrachloride (CCl 4). Carbon tetrachloride (2 ml/kg, i.p.) was administered for 10 days and simultaneously suspension of OGEE prepared in 2 % gum acacia were daily administered at a dose level of (100 and 200 mg/kg/, p.o.) for 14 days. Silymarin was used as a standard drug and administered at a dose level of (100 mg/kg/, p.o). Administration of carbon tetrachloride showed significant increase in the levels of serum aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase and bilirubin, and decrease in total proteins levels, however necrosis, collagen deposition and altered hepatic architecture were also observed. Markers of liver injury, increased aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, bilirubin and morphological changes such as necrosis and collagen deposition, were significantly decreased whereas significant increase in serum total proteins was observed in the rats treated with OGEE. These results suggest that the OGEE showed hepatoprotective effect on carbon tetrachloride induced hepatic damage and may be a potential clinical application for treatment of liver diseases.
Ocimum gratissimum as a Remedy to Chemical Induced Liver Injury
Journal of Complementary and Alternative Medical Research
Objective: Drug induced liver injury is one of the sequelae of adverse drug reactions. We studied the efficacy of aqueous extract of Ocimum gratissimum at ameliorating carbon tetrachloride induced liver injury. Methodology: The study utilized five groups with six animals each. Liver injury was induced in groups L I (Liver injury), LDE (Low dose extract), MDE (Medium dose extract) and HDE (High dose extract) while group CN served as control. Groups LDE, MDE and HDE respectively had 100 mg/kg, 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg of the O.gratissimum aqueous extract daily for twenty one days.Blood samples were thereafter collected for biochemical analyses, the animals sacrificed and harvested livers processed for histopathological evaluation. Results: The mean liver weight of LI was markedly elevated while its total protein level was significantly the least. Extract of O.gratissimum was able to counter the elevated levels of aspartate transaminase and amino transaminase occasioned by the induced l...
AIM: The plant Ocimum canum Sims (Family: Lamiaceae) is rich in antioxidants, particularly in flavonoids. It has been highly useful in treating various types of diseases and in lowering blood glucose, especially in managing diabetes mellitus. The aim of our work is to evaluate the effect of Ocimum canum on a model of hepatic ischemia-reperfusion in Rat. METHOD: Wistar albino rats were subjected to 45 min of hepatic ischemia, followed by a 60 min reperfusion period. Ocimum canum (OC) hydro-alcoholic leaf extract were administered in doses of 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg/day, orally for 15 days before I/R injury respectively and repeated before the reperfusion period. Liver samples were taken for histological examination or determination of hepatic malondialdehyde (MDA), super oxide dismutase (SOD), catalase and glutathione (GSH) activity. Serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT,) alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and total bilirubin levels were determined to assess l...
Methanol extract of Ocimum gratissimum leaves modulates the liver and kidney functions in CCl 4
Ocimum gratissimum is used traditional plant in several disorders due to their excellent antioxidant properties. In a 14 -day study, animals were divided into six groups (A-F) of five rats each. Group A (normal control), group B was given CCl 4 only while groups C, D, E and F were given CCl 4 with various doses of methanol extract of Ocimum gratissimum leaves (100mg/kg, 200mg/kg, 300mg/kg and 400mg/kg) body weight respectively. Effect of daily intake of methanol extract of Ocimum gratissimum leaves over a period of two weeks on rats' hepatocellular system was investigated. Standard enzyme assays were conducted for some enzymes of the liver and kidney. From the result, there was relatively no significant difference (p<0.05) in enzyme activity of the groups given the extract and group A in both liver and kidney. It could be inferred therefore, that methanol extract of Ocimum gratissimum leaves could serve as excellent chemotherapeutic agent for prevention of CCl 4
Objective: To evaluate the hepatoprotective activity of aqueous extract of Oxalis debilis Kunth in carbon tetrachloride (CCl 4)-induced hepatotoxicity in Swiss albino mice. Methods: Hepatotoxicity was induced by CCl 4 30% in olive oil (1 ml/kg intraperitoneally). Mice were treated with aqueous extract of O. debilis at doses of 250 and 500 mg/kg body weight orally for 14 days. There were two groups, pre-treatment (once daily for 14 days before CCl 4 intoxication) and post-treatment (2, 6, 24, and 48 hrs after CCl 4 intoxication). The observed effects were compared with a known hepatoprotective agent, silymarin. Results: Pre-treatment and post-treatment groups of aqueous extract of O. debilis significantly reduced elevated serum levels of serum transaminases, alkaline phosphatase, and bilirubin and increased the level of total protein as compared to CCl 4-treated group. The histopathological study also confirms the hepatoprotection. Preliminary qualitative phytochemical analysis of the plant revealed the presence of phenolic compounds, tannins, flavonoids, and saponins. Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that O. debilis can be used as safe, cheap, and alternative preventive and protective drugs against liver injury. The protective effect observed could be attributed to the presence of various phytochemicals which are responsible for the restoration of liver damage.
Benha Veterinary Medical Journal, 2019
The aim of this study was to evaluate pulmonary function test, acute phase proteins, pro-inflammatory cytokines, electrolyte balance and electrocardiographic alterations in BRD affected calves compared to pen matched healthy control calves. A total of 30 calves (20 BRD affected calves and 10 apparently healthy calves) were used in this study. The BRD affected calves showed significant (P<0.05) reduction in blood pH, partial pressure of oxygen, oxygen saturation, calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, sodium and chloride, and significant (P<0.05) increase in partial pressure of carbon dioxide, total carbon dioxide and potassium. Acute phase proteins and Proinflammatory cytokines assessment revealed a significant (P<0.05) increase of serum amyloid A, haptoglobin, fibrinogen and interleukin-6 in diseased calves compared to healthy control calves. Electrocardiographic examination of BRD affected calves revealed a significant increase in heart rate with a significant (P<0.05) alteration in ECG wave trace parameters (P wave, QRS complex, T wave, PR interval, QT interval). In conclusion, measurement of pulmonary function test, APPs, cytokines and ECG could be used as valuable and early diagnostic tools for BRD diagnosis in feedlot cattle calves.
2021
Background: Oxidative stress (OS) and inflammation are the central pathogenic events in liver diseases. In this study, the protective and therapeutic role of Carica Papaya Linn. seeds extract (SE) was evaluated against the hepatotoxicity induced by carbon tetrachloride (CC 4) in rats. Methods: The air-dried papaya seeds were powdered and extracted with distilled water. The phytochemical ingredients, minerals, and antioxidant potentials were studied. For determination of the biological role of SE against hepatotoxicity induced by CCl4 , five groups of adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were prepared (8 rats per each): C: control; SE: rats were administered with SE alone; CCl4 : rats were injected subcutaneously with CCl4 ; SE-CCl4 group: rats were administered with SE orally for 2 weeks before and 8 weeks during CCl4 injection; SE-CCl4-SE group: Rats were administered with SE and CCl4 as mentioned in SE-CCl4 group with a prolonged administration with SE for 4 weeks after the stopping of CCl4 injection. Then, the markers of OS [lipid peroxidation (LP) and antioxidant parameters; glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione-S-transferase (GST), glutathione peroxidase (GPx)], inflammation [nuclear factor (NF)-κB, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-6], fibrosis [transforming growth factor (TGF)-β], apoptosis [tumor suppressor gene (p53)], liver and kidney functions beside liver histopathology were determined. Results: The phytochemical analyses revealed that SE contains different concentrations of phenolics, flavonoids, terpenoids, and minerals so it has potent antioxidant activities. Therefore, the treatment with SE pre, during, and/or after CCl4 administration attenuated the OS induced by CCl4 where the LP was reduced, but the antioxidants (GSH, SOD, GST, and GPx) were increased. Additionally, these treatments reduced the inflammation, fibrosis, and apoptosis induced by CCl4 , since the levels of NF-κB, TNF-α, IL-6, TGF-β, and p53 were declined. Accordingly, liver and kidney functions were improved. These results were confirmed by the histopathological results. Conclusions: SE has protective and treatment roles against hepatotoxicity caused by CCl4 administration through the reduction of OS, inflammation, fibrosis, and apoptosis induced by CCl4 and its metabolites in the liver tissues. Administration of SE for healthy rats for 12 weeks had no adverse effects. Thus, SE can be utilized in pharmacological tools as anti-hepatotoxicity.
Effects of few Indian medicinal herbs on carbon tetrachloride induced hepatic injury in animals
2009
The Phyllantus nirruri (PN), Andrographis paniculata (AP) and Picrroriza kurroa (PK) have been widely used in number of hepatoprotective formulations based on their traditional claims. However, no published data showing the comparative study of these herbs is available. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the hepatoprotective effect of standardised herbal extracts of PN 142.5 mg/kg, p.o), AP (300 mg/kg, p.o) and PK (200 mg/kg, p.o) on carbon tetrachloride (CCI 4) induced acute and chronic hepatic damage in rats. In chronic hepatitis, CCI 4 (0.2 ml/kg, p.o) was administered twice weekly during eight weeks of extract treatment, whereas, in acute hepatitis, CCI 4 (0.5 ml/kg, p.o) was given on 10 th day of administration of extract. Liver injury was analyzed by estimating the biochemical marker enzymes levels and antioxidant activities. Histological studies were also carried out. Statistically significant reversal of the elevated serum levels and depleted tissue levels of biochemical marker enzymes were found as the biochemical indices for hepatoprotection. The histological scores and liver weight was significantly reduced as well as SOD and catalase activities were significantly increased in treated groups compared to CCI 4 control. Further, PK and PN were found to be most and least effective respectively in chronic CCI 4 induced liver damage, whereas, AP exhibited least protection than PN and PK in acute CCI 4 hepatic injury. These results show that the standardised extracts PN, AP and PK possess hepatoprotective potential and prevented hepatic damage induced by CCI 4 .
PLoS ONE, 2014
In addition to the previous investigations of bioactivity of aqueous extract of the edible Gracilaria tenuistipitata (AEGT) against H 2 O 2 -induced DNA damage and hepatitis C virus replication, the purpose of this study is to evaluate the potential therapeutic properties of AEGT against inflammation and hepatotoxicity using lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated mouse RAW 264.7 cells, primary rat peritoneal macrophages and carbon tetrachloride (CCl 4 )-induced acute hepatitis model in rats. AEGT concentration-dependently inhibited the elevated RNA and protein levels of inducible nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase-2, thereby reducing nitric oxide and prostaglandin E2 levels, respectively. Moreover, AEGT significantly suppressed the production of LPS-induced proinflammatory cytokines, including interleukin (IL)-1b, IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor-a. These inhibitory effects were associated with the suppression of nuclear factor-kappa B activation and mitogenactivated protein kinase phosphorylation by AEGT in LPS-stimulated cells. In addition, we highlighted the hepatoprotective and curative effects of AEGT in a rat model of CCl 4 -intoxicated acute liver injury, which was evident from reduction in the elevated serum aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase levels as well as amelioration of histological damage by pre-treatment or post-treatment of AEGT. In conclusion, the results demonstrate that AEGT may serve as a potential supplement in the prevention or amelioration of inflammatory diseases.
Comparative Clinical Pathology
Medicinal plants play a vital role in the healthcare of many people in Africa and other developing countries. Of these, Hura crepitans L. is used in some parts of Nigeria and Ghana in the management of liver diseases. This study evaluated the hepatoprotective effects of the aqueous (AE) and ethanolic extracts (EE) of H. crepitans stem bark in CCl 4 -induced liver injury in Sprague-Dawley rats. Liver injury was induced by single oral administration of 1 mL/kg b.wt CCl 4 (1:1 v/v olive oil). The effect of AE and EE was assessed at 250 mg/kg p.o. Serum and liver biochemical markers were measured, and liver was assessed for oxidative stress, morphological changes, and expression of some pro-inflammatory cytokines. EE, AE, and silymarin displayed significant hepatoprotective activities by ameliorating the activities of transaminase (ALT and AST) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and decreased the levels of total bilirubin (TBIL) following increases induced by CCl 4 . It further enhanced the antioxidant defence enzymes and reduced glutathione (GSH) activities, while preventing lipid peroxidation. Extract further attenuated liver damage and inflammation by offering some inhibitory effect on nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) expression, leading to downregulation of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), interleukin-17 (IL-17), and interleukin-23 . This study demonstrated AE and EE to be hepatoprotective, and the mechanism of hepatoprotection was through the enhancement of the antioxidant defence system with resultant mitigation of lipid peroxidation. They also showed hepatoprotective effect through the inhibition of NF-κB, thus leading to the reduction in inflammation.