Design and Build of a 1 Kilowatt Organic Rankine Cycle Power Generator (original) (raw)
Related papers
Design and Build of a 1kW Organic Rankine Cycle Power Generator
Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) systems are capable of utilising low-enthalpy geothermal sources. The aim of the Above Ground Geothermal and Allied Technologies (AGGAT) research programme is the development of ORC systems within New Zealand. An experimental scale ORC system, known as ORC-B, was built at the University of Canterbury to assist with the research and development of the system design and component selection process.
COMMISSIONING, INITIAL TESTING AND RESULTS FROM AN EXPERIMENTAL ONE KILOWATT ORGANIC RANKINE CYCLE
Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) systems are capable of utilising low-enthalpy heat sources to generate power. The aim of the Above Ground Geothermal and Allied Technologies (AGGAT) research programme is to develop ORC systems within New Zealand. For the design, component selection and operation of ORC systems, it is important to understand process parameters and component behaviour. An experimental scale ORC system, known as ORC-B, has been built and tested at the University of Canterbury to assist in furthering our knowledge of ORC system design and construction. This paper presents experimental results from running a 1 kW ORC-B system using HFC-M1 refrigerant, a zeotropic mixture of R245fa and R365mfc as the working fluid under several operating conditions. Hot exhaust combustion products from a 30kW Capstone TM Gas Turbine are used as the heat source and heat is transferred via a thermal oil loop to the working fluid through a plate heat exchanger. A scroll expander magnetically coupled to an AC generator is used for work extraction and energy conversion. A thermodynamic analysis of the component performance is undertaken, factoring in several practical aspects of the system and its design. Details on the applied aspects of obtaining accurate results from an experimental ORC system are included, such as the effect of restriction to the flow path, heat losses, pump motor slippage and measurement uncertainty.
Evaluation of Using Gas Turbine to Increase Efficiency of the Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC)
Energies, 2020
Power conversion systems based on the Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) have been identified as a potential technology especially in converting low-grade renewable sources or waste heat. However, it is necessary to improve efficiency of ORC systems. This paper focuses on use of low geothermal resources (for temperature range of 80–128 °C and mass flow 100 kg/s) by using modified ORC. A modification of conventional binary power plant is conducted by combining gas turbines to increase quality of steam from a geothermal well. An analysis has been conducted for three different working fluids: R245fa, R1233zd(E) and R600. The paper discusses the impact of parameter changes not only on system efficiency but on other performance indicators. The results were compared with a conventional geothermal Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC). Increasing of geothermal steam quality by supplying exhaust gas from a gas turbine to the installation has a positive effect on the system efficiency and power. The highest ...
Organic Rankine Cycle Power Plant for Waste Heat Recovery. ORMAT, 2005
Power Plants based on the Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) have been increasingly employed over the last 20 years to produce power from various heat sources when other alternatives were either technically not practical or not economical. These power plants in sizes from 300 kW to 130 MW have demonstrated the maturity of this technology. The cycle is well adapted to low moderate temperature heat sources such as waste heat from industrial plants and is widely used producing 600 MW of electric power from geothermal and waste heat resources. The ORC technology is applicable to heat recovery of medium size gas turbines and cement plants, and offers significant advantages over conventional steam bottoming cycles. One such system, the 6.5 MW Gold Creek Power Plant is now in operation at a gas compressor station in Canada displacing some 25,000 tons of CO 2 yearly. The Gold Creek Power Plant is owned and operted by a subsidiary of Transcanada Pipeline. A second system of 1.5 MW is operating at the Heidelberger Zement AG Plant in Lengurt, Germany. These environmentally friendly power plants are the first to be installed in these industries. The Cement power plant is recovering unused grate cooler heat and is generating electricity on a continuosly basis without interfering with the initial clinker production process, displacing some 7000 t of CO 2 yearly. The use of ORC technology based systems has matured to a field proven and highly reliable technology. ORC have demonstrated advantages over conventional steam cycles and are particularly applicable to geothermal power plants and the recovery of waste heat, from small to medium gas turbines such as the compressor stations, while providing cost and environmental advantages.
Design, construction, and preliminary results of a 250-kW organic Rankine cycle system
Applied Thermal Engineering, 2015
h i g h l i g h t s A 250-kW ORC system using turbine expander was studied for waste heat recovery. The experimentally maximal net power output was 219.5 ± 5.5 kW. The experimentally maximal system thermal efficiency was 7.94%. The turbine isentropic efficiency was 63.7% with a rotational speed of 12,386 rpm. The system responded very rapidly as the heat source temperature changed.
Energy, 2014
This two-part paper investigates the potential of ORC (organic Rankine cycles) for the exploitation of low-medium enthalpy geothermal brines. Part A deals with thermodynamic analysis and optimization, while Part B focuses on economic optimization. In ORC field the wide range of available working fluids and cycle configuration entails a non-univocal selection of fluid and cycle parameters for the exploitation of a given heat source. A Matlab Ò code was created in order to define the optimal combination of fluid, cycle configuration and cycle parameters. Thermodynamic properties of fluids are taken from Refprop Ò database. An extensive thermodynamic analysis is performed considering geothermal sources in the temperature range of 120e180 C. All the assumptions for calculating the plant components performance are set on the basis of data from literature and real power plants data sheets. Thermodynamic optimization results, shown in terms of reduced variables, allow defining some general rules for the selection of the optimal combination of working fluid and cycle configuration. In particular, it is found that configurations based on supercritical cycles, employing fluids with a critical temperature slightly lower than the temperature of the geothermal source, lead to the highest efficiencies for most of the investigated cases.
Development of a Low Temperature Geothermal Organic Rankine Cycle Standard
Low temperature geothermal is an abundant resource in New Zealand with over 260 sites with a resource temperature of 150°C and lower. The Organic Rankine Cycle is the standard process for low temperature energy conversion. Power plant prospecting, design, and, development is normally carried out by established companies. New Zealand is lacking experience in the design and manufacture of low temperature geothermal ORC plants. Experience can be gained through a thematic analysis of both successful and unsuccessful developments. A thematic analysis is a qualitative investigation that examines patterns and themes in data. This paper looks at one case study of a low temperature geothermal Organic Rankine Cycle and organizes the data into four key areas: prospecting, concept plant feasibility, detailed design, and, construction and results. Future research requires more data to validate these patterns. The outcome of this analysis will be the foundation for a low temperature geothermal de...
Comparison of Enhanced Organic Rankine Cycles for Geothermal Power Units
2014
Binary cycles have drawn the attention as a technical solution for the geothermal power production. This attention is mainly due to the huge potential of medium-low temperature geothermal sources, typically exploited by means of a binary cycle, and the relevance of the environmental concern, which can be conveniently dealt with by means of a closed cycle. The binary cycle has been therefore the object of an extended research activity, in order to attain higher plant performance. A crucial matter is the improvement of the heat introduction process. For a given geothermal fluid in liquid state, i.e. for a variable temperature heat source, in a conventional ORC the working fluid evaporation process is responsible for an important second law loss: removal of this loss allows greater power and possibly higher cycle efficiency to be attained. Aim of the present paper is to investigate and compare recently proposed technical solutions based on the current technology, which do not entail co...
Journal of Applied Engineering Science
The Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) is a thermodynamic cycle that converts heat into mechanical energy to produce electrical power in a closed system using organic working fluids. It is also a heat recovery technology that can use heat at low temperatures and makes it a promising thermodynamic cycle with cost-effectiveness and more energy efficiency. However, the ORC system's total efficiency is determined by the compatibility of the expander characteristics and working fluid properties with the system's thermodynamic cycle parameters. This study aims to analyze using an integrative review method regarding the development of the ORC system as a heat recovery technology. The purpose of the integrative review method is to review the knowledge base, where the review is carried out critically and has the potential to conceptualize and expand the theoretical foundation developed. In this case, the first analysis is about the literature study on the parameters of the ORC system. Furth...
Applications of Geothermal Organic Rankine Cycle for Electricity Production
Journal of Cleaner Production, 2020
This review deals with organic Rankine cycle powered by geothermal resource which is one favorable substitute for conventional fossil energy. Organic Rankine cycle power plants are suitable for utilization of low-temperature energy sources (low grade energy) such as geothermal resource having low temperature (below 150 ᵒC). The applications of organic Rankine cycle for electricity production from geothermal energy resource was reviewed first, where the choice of geothermal energy resources and organic fluids was discussed for different ORC configurations and operating conditions. Hybrid optimization approaches for the purpose of maintaining long term performance of enhanced geothermal system reservoirs were also summarized. Furthermore, an in-depth review of energy and exergy efficiencies of ORCs was conducted. Key factors that influence the energy and energy efficiencies of organic Rankine cycle were discussed in detail. Then, the economic indexes such as electricity production cost and levelized cost of electricity for different organic Rankine cycle configurations were compared with other conventional power generation systems to examine the commercialization of the Organic Rankine cycle. Finally, life cycle assessment that evaluates the whole life performance of geothermal organic Rankine cycle energy systems was reviewed. The Environmental impacts of geothermal ORC were also considered. Compared with other review papers on geothermal organic Rankine cycle s, the present review provides the latest materials for more systematically surveying the geothermal organic Rankine cycle, which will be a valuable source of guidance and directions for engineers and researchers in this field.