Analyzing the Breakthrough of COVID-19 infection Incidence Rate, Severity and Mortality among the COVID-19 Vaccinated Population of West Bengal, India (original) (raw)

Effectiveness of COVID-19 Vaccine in Preventing Infection and Disease Severity: A Case Control Study from an Eastern State of India

Epidemiology and Infection

Effectiveness of corona virus disease-19 (COVID-19) vaccines used in India is unexplored and need to be substantiated. The present case-control study was planned to elicit the effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccines in preventing infection and disease severity in the general population of Bihar, India. This case-control study was conducted among people aged ≥45 years during April to June 2021. The cases were the COVID-19 patients admitted or visited All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Patna, Bihar, India, and were contacted directly. The controls were the individuals tested negative for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS CoV-2) at the Virology laboratory, AIIMS-Patna and contacted telephonically for collection of relevant information. The vaccine effectiveness (VE) was calculated by using the formula (VE = 1 – odds ratio). The adjusted VE for partial and full vaccination were estimated to be 52.0% (95% confidence interval (CI) 39.0–63.0%) and 83.0% (95% CI...

Robust Protective Effect of COVID-19 Vaccination in India—Results of Survey in the Midst of Pandemic’s Second Wave

South Asian Journal of Cancer, 2021

Introduction Our objective was to document the incidence of COVID-19 in vaccinated health care professionals and related personnel. Method We conducted an online survey to ascertain the incidence of COVID-19 symptoms, reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) positivity, effect on normal activity, need for anti-COVID-19 medication, hospitalization, and death among individuals who had completed both doses of COVID vaccination at least 2 weeks earlier. Results A total of 351 unique valid responses were received. Among the 340 people who had been vaccinated in India, 5% (17/340) had COVID-19 symptoms, 4.7% (16) became COVID-19 RT-PCR positive, 12 (3.5%) had sickness preventing normal daily activity, 2.65% (9) required anti-COVID-19 medication, and 1.18% (4) required hospitalization. Among family members living with the survey responders, the corresponding incidence was even lower. There was one death in this group. Discussion Being health care professionals, the responde...

A literature review on impact of COVID-19 and current immunization status: The Indian scenario

Biological Sciences, 2022

SARS-CoV-2 is a highly infectious and deadly coronavirus that first appeared in late 2019 and has since created a pandemic of the acute respiratory disease known as "coronavirus disease 2019" (COVID-19). This literature aims to summarise current knowledge of COVID-19's clinical, epidemiological, structural, and pathological aspects, as well as the timeline of spread and recent progress in India's immunization effort. A literature review was conducted through the database of Google Scholar and the official website of the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare Government of India. All the latest studies regarding knowledge, prevention, and details related to COVID-19 were utilized. The outcome indicated that India is the world's second-most affecting coronavirus region. The adaptability of mutant virus and disobedience to CAB are the leading causes of the rising spread, therefore, having common symptoms of fever, sore throat, cough, and general weakness. This study reported that the number of COVID-19 cases has spread throughout the world, has caused an increase in morbidity and mortality in the population. The improvement of the immunization programme, on the other hand, has opposite impact on mortality rate.

An assessment of the strategy and status of COVID-19 vaccination in India

Immunologic Research

The COVID-19 disease continues to cause devastation for almost 3 years of its identification. India is one of the leading countries to set clinical trials, production, and administration of COVID-19 vaccination. Recent COVID-19 vaccine tracker record suggests that 12 vaccines are approved in India, including protein subunit, RNA/DNA, non-replicating viral vector, and inactivated vaccine. Along with that 16 more vaccines are undergoing clinical trials to counter COVID-19. The availability of different vaccines gives alternate and broad perspectives to fight against viral immune resistance and, thus, viruses escaping the immune system by mutations. Using the recently published literature on the Indian vaccine and clinical trial sites, we have reviewed the development, clinical evaluation, and registration of vaccines trial used in India against COVID-19. Moreover, we have also summarized the status of all approved vaccines in India, their associated registered clinical trials, manufacturing, efficacy, and their related safety and immunogenicity profile.

Protection offered by COVID-19 vaccines in reducing SARS-CoV-2 infection frequency; severity and mortality, among Indian Healthcare Workers: Multicenter, pan-Fortis study

2021

During COVID-19 pandemic, Healthcare Workers (HCWs) were at increased risk for exposure to SARS-CoV-2 virus and prioritized for early administration of COVID-19 vaccines in India. Real-life scenario information among vaccinated HCWs acquiring COVID-19 infection, is scarce. We retrospectively analyzed COVID-19 infection frequency, severity, and associated mortality among healthcare workers, immunized with either Covishield or Covaxin vaccines at 27 Fortis Hospitals across 11 Indian states. Positive cases were identified based on RT-PCR or rapid antigen tests for SARS-CoV-2 between 16th January 2021 till 15th May 2021. 20034 HCWs received vaccination. 3971 received 1 dose, 16063 received 2 doses. Post-vaccination, 1139 HCWs acquired COVID-19 infection, 180 (4.53%) and 959 (5.97%) among partially and fully vaccinated category, respectively. Breakthrough infection occurred among 913 (5.68%) HCWs. Concurrently, Case Positivity Rate was 11.9%, among general population (control). Among 113...

The incidence and in-hospital mortality of COVID-19 patients post-vaccination in eastern India

2021

Objectives: The comparable effectiveness of Covishield and Covaxin vaccines has not been studied. We compared the effectiveness of Covishield and Covaxin vaccines against moderate to severe COVID-19. Methods: In this retrospective observational study, we collected data of patients who were admitted with moderate to severe COVID-19. The vaccination status and comorbidities of the patients were documented. The incidence and in-hospital mortality of COVID-19 patients was assessed. Univariate analysis was performed to determine the risk factors of in-hospital mortality. Results: Of 294 patients, 5.1% (n=15) received Covaxin and 26.5% (n=78) received Covishield; 68.4% (n=201) patients were unvaccinated. Of patients who were vaccinated and contracted COVID-19, 24.8% (n=73) had taken the first dose and 6.8% (n=20) had taken the second dose of either vaccine. The in-hospital mortality rate was 13.6% (n=40). No significant association was found with the type of vaccine and the in-hospital mo...

Study of COVID 19, COVID 19 Vaccination and its Impact

BJSTR, 2022

Vaccination with a 95% efficacy against disease could substantially mitigate future attack rates, hospitalizations, and deaths, even if only adults are vaccinated. Non-pharmaceutical interventions remain an important part of outbreak response as vaccines are distributed over time. To bring the lives to near normal, only option to attain it is mass vaccination in order to attain a herd immunity of >70 percent. A multicentric study was carried out two sites. A total of 160 patients were studied, 80 in a hospital set up and 80 in community. It was observed that severity of symptoms in cases who had received vaccination was less as compared to unvaccinated lot. Also the vaccination was viewed positively by the majority of the respondents.

The Challenges and Successes of Dealing with the COVID-19 Pandemic in India

Research and Reports in Tropical Medicine

As the infectivity of the SARS-CoV-2 virus is higher compared with other coronaviruses reported so far, so effective therapeutics and vaccines are the best way to control the proliferation of this infection The COVID-19 mortality rate is lower compared with other similar viral diseases such as severe acute respiratory Ssndrome (SARS) and Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS). However, due to the evolution of SARS-CoV-2 mutants that are responsible for the subsequent waves, mortality due to COVID-19 has increased across the globe. Currently, the magnitude of SARS-CoV-2 infection is highly severe and is leading to a tremendously increased number of deaths globally. Scientists expect that SARS-CoV-2 has the potential to become a seasonal disease like influenza and may persist with humanity in the future. Currently, preventive strategies such as sanitation, social distancing, use of masks, potential chemotherapies (pathogen-centric and host-centric), and vaccines are the only option to fight against COVID-19. Many groups of Indian government-public private consortia had set up different strategies (development of multiple vaccines) for combat of this unique threat through stepssuch as an increase in vaccinations and sample testing per day. In this focused review, we have discussed the challenges faced and success stories employed to manage COVID-19.