Non Expensive 3D Documentation and Modelling of Historical Object and Archaeological Artefacts by Using Close Range Photogrammetry (original) (raw)
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The potential of 3D techniques for cultural heritage object documentation
Videometrics IX, 2007
The generation of 3D models of objects has become an important research point in many fields of application like industrial inspection, robotics, navigation and body scanning. Recently the techniques for generating photo-textured 3D digital models have interested also the field of Cultural Heritage, due to their capability to combine high precision metrical information with a qualitative and photographic description of the objects. In fact this kind of product is a fundamental support for documentation, studying and restoration of works of art, until a production of replicas by fast prototyping techniques. Close-range photogrammetric techniques are nowadays more and more frequently used for the generation of precise 3D models. With the advent of automated procedures and fully digital products in the 1990s, it has become easier to use and cheaper, and nowadays a wide range of commercial software is available to calibrate, orient and reconstruct objects from images. This paper presents the complete process for the derivation of a photorealistic 3D model of an important basalt stela (about 70 x 60 x 25 cm) discovered in the archaeological site of Tilmen Höyük, in Turkey, dating back to 2 nd mill. BC. We will report the modeling performed using passive and active sensors and the comparison of the achieved results.
The potential of 3D techniques for cultural heritage object documentation
2007
The generation of 3D models of objects has become an important research point in many fields of application like industrial inspection, robotics, navigation and body scanning. Recently the techniques for generating photo-textured 3D digital models have interested also the field of Cultural Heritage, due to their capability to combine high precision metrical information with a qualitative and photographic description of the objects. In fact this kind of product is a fundamental support for documentation, studying and restoration of works of art, until a production of replicas by fast prototyping techniques. Close-range photogrammetric techniques are nowadays more and more frequently used for the generation of precise 3D models. With the advent of automated procedures and fully digital products in the 1990s, it has become easier to use and cheaper, and nowadays a wide range of commercial software is available to calibrate, orient and reconstruct objects from images. This paper presents the complete process for the derivation of a photorealistic 3D model of an important basalt stela (about 70 x 60 x 25 cm) discovered in the archaeological site of Tilmen Höyük, in Turkey, dating back to 2nd mill. BC. We will report the modeling performed using passive and active sensors and the comparison of the achieved results.
2019
Wiśniewski M., Zeman-Wiśniewska K. 2019. Photogrammetric documentation of archaeological artefacts: The current state of the art and future prospects. Raport 14, 167-176 Photogrammetry has been a part of the curriculum of archaeologists since the early days of photography. This method of obtaining reliable information from non-contact imaging for the purpose of recording, measuring, analyzing and representation of archaeological artefacts is, due to recent advances in imaging techniques and computer technology, going through a renaissance. The history of the method in general terms is discussed in this paper. The authors present new perspectives on current areas of research, including workflows, the use of different hardware and software, and "guerrilla photogrammetry". Furthermore, the authors propose future directions for the development of the field, like using Smartphones, immersive images, truly virtual museums, and public engagement.
Proceedings of the …, 2007
The paper presents an interdisciplinary project which is the first step towards a 3D Geographical Information System (GIS) dedicated to Cultural Heritage with a specific focus application on the Castle of Shawbak, also known as the "Crac de Montral" in Jordan. The project continues to grow thanks to a synergy between a set of laboratories: The LSIS laboratory, France in charge of the photogrammetric survey phase connected with the knowledge based approach; ITABC, CNR lab in Roma, Italy in charge of the topometric survey, with DGPS and aerial photography with gas balloon, National Institute of Information and Communications Technology, Kyoto, Japan for the 3D view point seek connected to the database, the image processing aspect managed by Stratos documentation, SimVis from The Department of Computer Science, University of Hull, UK, for the virtual reality aspect and of course the Dipartimento di Studi storici e Geografici from the University of Florence, Italy, in charge of the archaeological part. Our project focuses on a building scale encompassing its atomic elements such as ashlars blocks, cement, stratigraphic units and architectonic elements. At this scale we need a full 3D interface in order to manage accurate measurements, a huge quantity of observations and a mainly heterogeneous archaeological documentation. This project described in this paper is work in progress. After four photogrammetric campaigns in Jordan the first results are available on the project web site: http://www.shawbak.net
Imap3d: low-cost photogrammetry for cultural heritage
In the new Digital Era the rapid development of digital technology allows us to obtain easily the high resolution images through Digital Photogrammetry or the detailed 3D data of the object by the technique of laser scanner. Nevertheless, both techniques present several drawbacks: in the case of aerial photogrammetric applications, image acquisition is one of the most expensive steps. Especially if aerial images must be taken, the expenses are always high because of the high-cost of aircraft flight. In the case of laser scanner, the own cost of the material is one of the main problems. Furthermore, to obtain a final product is yet something difficult to overcome and a time-consuming activity. The research group IMAP3D has developed a low-cost methodology based on shutting photographs from an unmanned aerial platform completed by terrestrial exposures. The system is constituted by a helium zeppelin and a digital camera fixed in a specific device equipped with servomechanisms, video and radio control which allow to obtain video signal of camera view over a monitor in real time, as well as to control the two main different rotations of the camera. These types of solutions can be used for the documentation, reconstruction and visualization of historical buildings or archaeological sites where the area of interest is small, with a difficult access and a large scale is required. This methodology is complemented with the development of different tools that enable us to process the input data captured by the zeppelin: from the camera self-calibration and 3D reconstruction of the model to the automatic generation and visualization of Digital Elevation Models (DEM) and ortophoto in GeoVRML. Particularly, the methodology developed has been tested over the emblematic archaeological settlement of Clvnia situated in Castile (Spain).
The use of digital methods in archaeological research and documentation has seen a large increase in recent years, thanks to the growing power and availability of computer technology. While these methods make it possible to record much more detailed and accurate datasets than ever before, they also impose new challenges in data management and capture, which for a long time limited their use mostly to the post-excavation data processing. With the advent of new technologies and the development of mobile devices, however , we can see them being used more and more even during the excavations themselves. A very good example of this is the prevalence of 3D photo-grammetry, the impact of which on excavation documentation we aim to demonstrate in this paper. One of the most challenging aspects of on-site documentation is the accurate capture of the spatial features of an excavation. For a long time, the most widespread method to achieve this was through handmade, paper-based orthogonal and ...
A Proposed Low-cost System for 3D Archaeological Documentation
To meet the requirements for rapid, accurate and effective recording and documentation of archaeological excavation sites a prototype system is under development. This paper presents the first results from an easy-to-use system that utilizes photogrammetric and computer science methods, as well as tools for on-site recording, modeling and visualization of an archaeological excavation. The software-component is the main focus of our research. Its aim is multifold, such as to provide a three-dimensional reconstruction of the excavation site in a very accurate way, rapid and almost real-time recording and documentation, multiple outputs for various uses and finally to achieve all these tasks requiring minimal knowledge of Digital Photogrammetry and CAD systems, through a sophisticated and userfriendly interface, easy to be used by people, such as archaeologists that are not experts in Photogrammetry or in Information Science. Finally, in the near future it is planned to evaluate and demonstrate under real circumstances the functionality and the effectiveness of the system, so as to be performed the necessary improvements.
The International Archives of Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences, Vol. XLI (B5), pp. 243-250., 2016
In a context rich in history and cultural heritage, such as the Italian one, promotion and enhancement of historical evidences are crucial. The paper describes the case study of the Archaeological Museum of Parma, which, for the main part, conserves evidences found in the roman archaeological site of Veleia (Piacenza, Italy). To enhance the comprehension of the past, the project aims to promote the exhibits through new digital contents, in particular 3D models and AR applications, to improve their usability by the public. Projects like this pose some difficulties especially in data acquisition and restitution due to complexity of the objects and their dimension and position that are not always adequate for an easy survey. Furthermore, in this case, it was necessary to find a solution that takes into account, on one hand, the necessity of a high degree of detail to ensure high metric quality and, on the other hand, the need of producing small files, in order to easy load and consult them on the web or smartphone applications. For all these reasons, close-range photogrammetry was considered the most adequate technique to produce the major part of the models. In this paper, particular attention will be dedicated to the description of the survey campaign and data processing, underlining difficulties and adopted solutions, in order to provide a methodological summary of the actions performed.
Photogrammetry versus 3D scanner: producing 3D models of museums' artifacts
Emerald Publishing Limited, Collection and Curation , 2021
Purpose-This paper aims to help archaeologists, museums' curators and technicians in understanding the principle of using the photogrammetry and 3D scanner for the museum archaeological objects in a practical way by presenting specific examples for both methods. Another purpose is to evaluate the performance offered by the photogrammetry and the three-dimensional (3D) scanner device, with the aim of providing a suitable solution to the different shapes and sizes of the archaeological objects. Design/methodology/approach-The author used the camera Canon EOS 1300 D for photographing and Einscan Pro 2X Plus as a 3D scanning device for several years on different kinds of objects made of various materials, including ceramic, stone, glass and metal. Findings-This paper showed that both approaches create 3D models with high resolution in easy and different ways. Practical implications-Handling objects and preparing them for photographing or scanning has involved a number of caveats and challenges regarding the risk of damage that the author had to bear in mind. Originality/value-This paper is completely based on the author's personal experiences of creating 3D image of various objects in the project of Documentation of Objects in the Jordanian Archaeological Museums.