Acoustic spectrometer: resonant sensing platform for measuring volumetric properties of liquid samples (original) (raw)
Related papers
Phononic crystals are artificial structures with unique capabilities to control the transmission of acoustic waves. These novel periodic composite structures bring new possibilities for developing a fundamentally new sensor principle that combines features of both ultrasonic and resonant sensors. This paper reports the design, fabrication and evaluation of a phononic crystal sensor for biomedical applications, especially for its implementation in point of care testing technologies. The key feature of the sensor system is a fully-disposable multi-layered phononic crystal liquid sensor element with symmetry reduction and a resonant cavity. The phononic crystal structure consists of eleven layers with high acoustic impedance mismatch. A defect mode was utilized in order to generate a well-defined transmission peak inside the bandgap that can be used as a measure. The design of the structures has been optimized with simulations using a transmission line model. Experimental realizations were performed to evaluate the frequency response of the designed sensor using different liquid analytes. The frequency of the characteristic transmission peaks showed to be dependent on the properties of the analytes used in the experiments. Multi-layered phononic crystal sensors can be used in applications, like point of care testing, where the on-line measurement of small liquid samples is required.
Applications of Acoustic Wave Devices for Sensing in Liquid Environments
Applied Spectroscopy Reviews, 2006
Acoustic wave devices such as thickness shear mode (TSM) resonators and shear horizontal surface acoustic wave (SH-SAW) devices can be utilized for characterizing physical properties of liquids and for chemical sensor applications. Basic device configurations are reviewed and the relationships between experimental observables (frequency shifts and attenuation) and physical properties of liquids are presented. Examples of physical property (density and viscosity) determination and also of chemical sensing are presented for a variety of liquid phase applications. Applications of TSMs and polymer-coated guided SH-SAWs for chemical sensing and uncoated SH-SAWs for "electronic tongue" applications are also discussed.
Use of Transient Time Response as a Measure to Characterize Phononic Crystal Sensors
2018
Phononic crystals are periodic composite structures with specific resonant features that are gaining strength in the field as liquid sensors. The introduction of a structural defect in an otherwise periodic regular arrangement can generate a resonant mode, also called defect mode, inside the characteristic band gaps of phononic crystals. The morphology, as well as the frequency in which these defect modes appear, can give useful information on the composition and properties of an analyte. Currently, only gain, and frequency measurements are performed using phononic crystal sensors. Other measurements like the transient response have been implemented in resonant sensors such as quartz microbalances showing great results and proving to be a great complimentary measure to the gain and frequency measurements. In the present paper, a study of the feasibility of using the transient response as a measure to acquire additional information about the analyte is presented. Theoretical studies ...
An acoustic resonance measurement cell for liquid property determinations up to 250 °C
Review of Scientific Instruments, 2012
Experimental investigations on the magneto-hydro-dynamic interaction around a blunt body in a hypersonic unseeded air flow J. Appl. Phys. 112, 093304 (2012) An assessment of comparative methods for approaching electrode polarization in dielectric permittivity measurements Rev. Sci. Instrum. 83, 083118 (2012) Development and use of a two-dimensional interferometer to measure mass flow from a multi-shell Z-pinch gas puff Rev. Sci. Instrum. 83, 083116 (2012) The contribution of diffusion to gas microflow: An experimental study Phys. Fluids 24, 082004 A threshold-based approach to calorimetry in helium droplets: Measurement of binding energies of water clusters Rev. Sci. Instrum. 83, 073109 Additional information on Rev. Sci. Instrum. This paper reports on the development of a compact, rugged, and portable measurement cell design for the determination of liquid sound speed at temperatures up to 250 • C and pressures up to 3000 psi. Although a significant amount of work exists in the literature on the characterization of fluids, primarily pure water, over a wide range of pressures and temperatures, the availability of experimentally determined sound speed in water between 100 • C and 250 • C is very limited. The need to measure sound speed in liquids up to 250 • C is of both fundamental interest, as in the case of basic equations of state, and applied interest, such as for characterizing geothermal or petroleum downhole environments. The measurement cell reported here represents an advancement in the established room temperature swept frequency acoustic interferometry measurement for liquid sound speed determinations. The paper details the selection of materials suitable for high temperature operation and the construction of the measurement apparatus. Representative sound speeds as a function of temperature and pressure are presented and are shown to be in very good agreement with an internationally accepted standard for water sound speed.
The classical quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) is no longer only a microbalance; it has got a place as an acoustic sensor in a broad range of applications such as: fluid physical characterization, viscoelastic study of polymers, charge transfer analysis in electrochemical processes, and detection of biological components in fluid media, among other applications. In this paper, the basic operation of an AT cut quartz crystal resonator is extended to the fluid environment. In these applications the resonator is submitted to a heavy load which strongly affects the sensor response, making especially difficult the characterization of the main sensor parameters. The problem associated with the electronic interfaces for sensor characterization is introduced along with a brief reviewing and some recent improvements. After this description, an improved electronic interface is introduced in detail. The design is an interface based on a phase locked loop system which permits an accurate monitoring of the series resonant frequency and the motional resistance of the quartz crystal resonator sensor. A continuous and automatic compensation of the sensor parallel capacitance makes this possible. The report of experimental results shows the benefit of the new system, especially for heavy load QCM applications.
Validation of a Phase-Mass Characterization Concept and Interface for Acoustic Biosensors
Sensors, 2011
Acoustic wave resonator techniques are widely used in in-liquid biochemical applications. The main challenges remaining are the improvement of sensitivity and limit of detection, as well as multianalysis capabilities and reliability. The sensitivity improvement issue has been addressed by increasing the sensor frequency, using different techniques such as high fundamental frequency quartz crystal microbalances (QCMs), surface generated acoustic waves (SGAWs) and film bulk acoustic resonators (FBARs). However, this sensitivity improvement has not been completely matched in terms of limit of detection. The decrease on frequency stability due to the increase of the phase noise, particularly in oscillators, has made it impossible to increase the resolution. A new concept of sensor characterization at constant frequency has been recently proposed based on the phase/mass sensitivity equation: ∆φ/∆m ≈ −1/m L , where m L is the liquid mass perturbed by the resonator. The validation of the new concept is presented in this article. An immunosensor application for the detection of a low molecular weight pollutant, the insecticide carbaryl, has been chosen as a validation model. OPEN ACCESS Sensors 2011, 11 4703
Sensors, 2019
Acoustic devices have found wide applications in chemical and biosensing fields owing to their high sensitivity, ruggedness, miniaturized design and integration ability with on-field electronic systems. One of the potential advantages of using these devices are their label-free detection mechanism since mass is the fundamental property of any target analyte which is monitored by these devices. Herein, we provide a concise overview of high frequency acoustic transducers such as quartz crystal microbalance (QCM), surface acoustic wave (SAW) and film bulk acoustic resonators (FBARs) to compare their working principles, resonance frequencies, selection of piezoelectric materials for their fabrication, temperature-frequency dependency and operation in the liquid phase. The selected sensor applications of these high frequency acoustic transducers are discussed primarily focusing on the two main sensing domains, i.e., biosensing for working in liquids and gas/vapor phase sensing. Furthermo...
Phononic Crystal Made of Silicon Ridges on a Membrane for Liquid Sensing
Sensors
We propose the design of a phononic crystal to sense the acoustic properties of a liquid that is constituted by an array of silicon ridges on a membrane. In contrast to other concepts, the ridges are immersed in the liquid. The introduction of a suitable cavity in the periodic array gives rise to a confined defect mode with high localization in the cavity region and strong solid–liquid interaction, which make it sensitive to the acoustic properties of the liquid. By using a finite element method simulation, we theoretically study the transmission and cavity excitation of an incident flexural wave of the membrane. The observation of the vibrations of this mode can be achieved either outside the area of the phononic crystal or just above the cavity. We discuss the existence of the resonant modes, as well as its quality factor and sensitivity to liquid properties as a function of the geometrical parameters. The performance of the proposed sensor has then been tested to detect the varia...
Molecules
One of the most significant developed technologies is the use of acoustic waves to determine the chemical structures of biological tissues and their bioactivities. In addition, the use of new acoustic techniques for in vivo visualizing and imaging of animal and plant cellular chemical compositions could significantly help pave the way toward advanced analytical technologies. For instance, acoustic wave sensors (AWSs) based on quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) were used to identify the aromas of fermenting tea such as linalool, geraniol, and trans-2-hexenal. Therefore, this review focuses on the use of advanced acoustic technologies for tracking the composition changes in plant and animal tissues. In addition, a few key configurations of the AWS sensors and their different wave pattern applications in biomedical and microfluidic media progress are discussed.