Nation-state Level of Analysis of North Korea’s Foreign Policy on Nuclear Deterrence (original) (raw)
Related papers
Namık Kemal Üniversitesi, 2018
The fear of nuclear North Korea has been a serious problem for the world since 2006 when they exploded their nuclear weapon. Although North Korea always considers their nuclear weapon is for protection of their home-land, USA and its allies in the Far-East Asia thinks the other way. Only China seems to be close to North Korea. China and Russia have always been close allies for North Korea and USA has fought to de-nuclearize North Korea given that North Korea has the capability to strike against USA and her allies by using nuclear weapons and ballistic missiles. Given that USA has deployed THAAD system in Japan and South Korea against North Korean nuclear thread, South Korea and Japan enjoys the US military protection. The probability of a nuclear war has been a perennial fear among the states. After the nuclear bombings of Nagasaki and Hiroshima at the end of WW2, states have started to act more meticulous about nuclear arming and development of nuclear power. Among the states, North Korea has been seen as an enemy nuclear state by USA and its allies given that North Korea has the ability to start an unwanted nuclear war. But there will be severe consequences if a nuclear war breaks out. Therefore, not a single state in the world would want to be the cause of a nuclear destruction.
National Security Strategy of Iran and North Korea
Journal of Political Studies, 2019
In the contemporary phase of international politics, national security strategy (NSC) is considered as a primary factor in the process of state-crafting. It addresses the key concerns; such as domestic, regional and global threats. It also focuses on the policy framework for the security of the state. In this age of uncertain geo-political environment, every nation-state has adopted a particular strategy in a certain strategic environment to minimize their strategic threats. Thus, the NSC is very important for enhancing the national security of the state. It also very helpful in maintaining the regional and global strategic balance. Contemporary formation of nation-state has defined some certain parameters for the formation of national security. These parameters are very important for achieving several particular objectives such as global strategic stability, regional hegemony and the survival of the political regime in the domestic political domain. The development of NSC has become more complex in the modern politico-strategic than the past ages. This research article finds the parameters of national security strategy which have been adopted by Iran and North Korea to maintain the strategic balance in the regional and global arena. The article concludes that Iran and North Korea must find an independent decision-making syndrome to accelerate the process of national security in the existing strategic domain.
NORTH KOREA'S NATIONAL SECURITY STRATEGY AND ITS IMPACT ON DEVELOPMENT
National security is of paramount importance for North Korea due to the continuous hostilities between North and South Korea and the external threats posed by other nations. The military tension between North and South Korea has increased significantly with the launch of North Korea’s third nuclear test in February 2013. North Korea has attempted to justify and legitimize its nuclearization process as a self-defense mechanism which is essential for national security. Even though national security is defined at three different levels: individual, the state, and the international system, in North Korea, individual level gains priority over the others since the regime maintenance of the Kims is considered to be a critical factor in the nation’s survival. North Korean aspiration for reunification, considered to be achievable partially by reducing U.S. influence on the Korean Peninsula, and its commitment to perpetuating the Kim family regime has remained unchanged since the nation’s founding in 1948. But, the strategies to achieve the same have evolved significantly which has resulted in its nuclearization process posing a security challenge for the United States and its allies. The objective of the study was to identify and assess different types of risks caused by North Korea’s national security strategy which will have an impact on the development of North Korea. Secondary data was used to identify the various risks. These risks were assessed using a risk assessment matrix. It was revealed that certain strategic measures such as the high resource allocation for defense activities are extremely high risks posing an adverse threat to the economic growth of North Korea. Several other high, moderate and low risks were also identified. Based on the findings of the risk identification and assessment process, it is evident that North Korea’s national goal of building a “Strong and Prosperous State” has become a challenge. Key words: National security, nuclearization process, development, strategy, risk
North Korean Nuclear Program: Implications for Regional Security
2021
The nuclear crisis of Democratic People's Republic of Korea is difficult to be settle down in a peaceful way due to the negative effects of nuclear proliferation, unacceptable not only for the Northeast Asia but also for the international community. South Korea, United States of America, China, Japan, and Russia have clear different point of views on the resolution of North Korea’s nuclear matter. The expansion of nuclear weapons is directly becoming a high security risk in Northeast Asian region. Each state has different strategy how to tackle this issue and best policies that may cause change on Korean Peninsula. So, this research study gives the result that nuclear crisis of North Korea cannot be decided immediately under the mistrust and reservations. It will take a long duration, to overcome these deep-rooted reservations through talks, constancy and understanding. This study also highlights the strategies of South Korea (ROK), Japan, United States of America (USA) and China towards the crisis of North Korea’s nuclear weapons development program.
The Anatomy of North Korea's Foreign Policy Formulation:
North Korean Review, 2009
Since 2003, a series of Six-Party Talks has attempted to halt North Korea’s nuclear development; nonetheless, considering the development of North Korean nuclear capability, the talks are often regarded as an ineffective framework. In order to break through such a situation, first and foremost it is imperative to understand the nature of North Korean foreign policy. In this paper, I argue that North Korean foreign pol-icy can be explained by neoclassical realism: the international distribution of power is interpreted by its domestic political system based on the self-reliance (Juche) ide-ology and the supreme leader (Suryong) political structure, whose basis is its Con-fucian culture, and I argue that this perception has predominantly determined itsforeign policy decision making.
North Korea’s Nuclear Program: From Nonproliferation Issue to Deterrence
European Political and Law Discourse, 2020
The article provides an understanding of North Korea's nuclear program and its path to it. There is a range of reasons that explain why after the breakdown of the USSR, North Korea chose such a strategy and why the South didn't. The U.S. policy on the Korean Peninsula has a significant influence on these countries. Thereby the Bush Administration's policy is viewed as the last chance to speak about North Korea as a challenge for the Nonproliferation regime. Nowadays, after six nuclear tests and numerous ballistic missiles tests (including long-range ballistic missiles since 2017), North Korea is more about Deterrence, as it is already a nuclear state. Crises of 2017 and 2020 show the necessity to build a new strategy for the U.S. and the whole international community. The further dialogue with North Korea is unpredictable and depends on the U.S. elections, consequences of Covid-19, and Kim's readiness to cooperate.
Zamfara Journal of Politics and Development, 2022
This paper examines the extent to which deterrence has motivated the acquisition of nuclear armament by North Korea and Pakistan. Nation-states involve in the acquisition of nuclear weapons to deter other nation-states with the notion that a nuclear attack by one would receive an overwhelming nuclear counterattack such that both the defender and attacker would be annihilated. This scenario has created a security dilemma and nation-states are grasping with fears. Both North Korea and Pakistan were involved in the acquisition of nuclear weapons because of adversaries that have constituted major threats based on ideological and religious differences. The paper adopted the neo-realism theory as its theoretical framework of analysis. The paper relied on a qualitative method of data gathering technique. It unravels that both North Korea and Pakistan's adversaries have motivated them to acquire more nuclear weapons. Therefore, the paper concludes that North Korea and Pakistan could enjoy peaceful coexistence with neigbhours if they have enough deterrence.
Rogue States Conundrum: An Exploration of the United States' Foreign Policy Toward North Korea
African Journal of Culture, Philosophy and Society: Aworom Annang, Vol. 3, No. 1, pp. 12-22., 2013
This article examines the United States' foreign policy toward North Korea since the end of the Cold War, adopting the Rational Actor model as framework of analysis and attempting a conceptual elucidation of the rogue state. The paper contends that, following the collapse of the Soviet Union and the concerns over suspected North Korean nuclear aspirations in the early 1990s, the focus of the U.S. foreign policy toward North Korea shifted from the Cold War containment policy to nuclear non-proliferation through constructive engagement, appeasement and negotiations. And that, though North Korean nuclear development/enrichment has serious regional and global consequences adverse to the U.S. vital interest in East Asian region, the classification of DPRK as rogue state by the U.S. is more or less a justification for imperialism and a useful word for propaganda. It is recommended that, the U.N. Security Council should negotiate with DPRK as part of its responsibility to maintaining international peace and security, based on the concept of mutually reducing threats and disarmament in general.