Antimicrobial Activity of Endophytes from Brazilian Medicinal Plants (original) (raw)
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Hellenic Plant Protection Journal, 2017
Summary Medicinal plants have been used for thousands of years in folk medicines and still are used for their health benefits. In our days medicinal plants are exploited for the isolation of plant-derived drugs as they are very effective and have relatively less or no side effects. However, the natural resources of medicinal plants are gradually exhausted and access to plant bioactive compounds is challenged by the low levels at which these products accumulate in native medicinal plants. For instance, to meet the market demands of 3 Kg per year of vinca alkaloids, powerful plant-derived anticancer drugs, 1.5×106 Kg dry leaves are required. In this regard, this review aims to highlight the fact that endophytic fungi residing in medicinal plants are capable to biosynthesize pharmacologically active secondary metabolites similar or identical to those produced by their host medicinal plant. Furthermore, the evolutionary origin of the genes involved in these metabolic pathways as well as...
BIOPROSPECTING OF ENDOPHYTIC BACTERIAL PLETHORA FROM MEDICINAL PLANTS
Plant and microbe interaction has fostered the researcher towards harnessing the valuable potentials bearing pharmaceutical importance. One such area gaining impetus importance is endophytic plethora which remains largely untapped reservoir. Hence the present study evaluates in bioprospecting of bacterial endophytes from five medicinal plants viz, Annona squamosa L., Coffea arabica L., Tridax procumbens L., Euphorbia hirta L. and Mimosa pudica L. upon evaluation the preliminary investigation resulted in isolation of three hundred and thirty two endophytes which will be forged towards isolation of bioactive compounds for antimicrobial activity in future studies.
Endophytic microbes: A novel source for biologically/pharmacologically active secondary metabolites
Endophytes, microorganisms that reside internal tissues of all plant species, are a proven source of novel organic natural molecules, presumed to emphasizing the frontiers of drug discovery. Next to the clinically acknowledged antineoplastic agent, taxol, endophyte research has yielded potential drug, given compounds with antimicrobial, antioxidant, antiviral, antidiabetic, anti-alzheimer's disease and immunosuppressant etc. These evidences arises a hope to combat incurable diseases, drug resistance, other challenges related to human health. The potential of finding new drugs that may be effective candidates for treating newly developing diseases in humans is great. This paper focuses particularly need for new useful compounds from endophytes, the recent role of new disease, recent scenario of screening approach for novel drug and their pharmacological interest. It also describes these compounds by different functions, including some examples that illustrate the potential for human use.
Journal of Medicinal Plants Studies, 2015
Endophytes are microorganisms that live inside the host plant tissues which have novel metabolites exhibiting a variety of biological activities against different pathogens. This study was carried out to isolate endophytic bacteria and fungi from Terminalia arjuna (marutham), Catharanthus roseus (nithyakalyani) and Azadirachta indica (vembu) and to assess their antimicrobial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumonia, Enterococcus faecalis and Candida albicans. Out of the several bacterial and fungal isolates the bacterial isolate NRL2exhibited a high antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus. This bacterial strain was investigated for the efficiency of solvents for extraction of antimicrobial agents. The extract of NRL2 isolates obtained from methanol and ethanol were effective. The bacterial crude extract was used against Methicillin resistant S. aureus by cup agar method. In GC MS analysis 24 compounds were obtained and four major compounds may responsible for antimicrobial activity in the inhibition of S. aureus.
Endophytes: A Treasure House of Bioactive Compounds of Medicinal Importance
Frontiers in Microbiology, 2016
Endophytes are an endosymbiotic group of microorganisms that colonize in plants and microbes that can be readily isolated from any microbial or plant growth medium. They act as reservoirs of novel bioactive secondary metabolites, such as alkaloids, phenolic acids, quinones, steroids, saponins, tannins, and terpenoids that serve as a potential candidate for antimicrobial, anti-insect, anticancer and many more properties. While plant sources are being extensively explored for new chemical entities for therapeutic purposes, endophytic microbes also constitute an important source for drug discovery. This review aims to comprehend the contribution and uses of endophytes as an impending source of drugs against various forms of diseases and other possible medicinal use.
Endophytic Fungi: A Potential Source of Bioactive Compounds
Plant based ethno-medicine represents the foundation of modern pharmacology and many pharmaceuticals are derived from compounds extracted from plant. This track still stimulates a worldwide investigational activity aimed at identifying novel bioactive products of plant origin. The discovery of endophytic fungi able to produce many plant-derived drugs has disclosed new horizons for their availability and production on a large scale by the pharmaceutical industry. In the natural products research, a valuable approach is the prospection of uncommon sources and unexplored habitat and endophytic fungi is specially focused because of their ability to produce new and interesting secondary metabolites, which have several biological applications. The endophytes establish exclusive symbiotic relationships with plants and the metabolic interactions may support the synthesis of some similar valuables compounds. Endophytic fungi are diverse group of fungi which are symbiotically associated with plants. These are ubiquitous and occur within all known plant species. This review reveals the importance of endophytic fungi of medicinal plants as a source of bioactive and chemically novel compounds. The endophytic fungi also have plant growth promoting attributes by which these can influence their host plants by enhancing their growth and tolerance to abiotic and biotic stresses. These also serves as a chemical reservoir for antimicrobial, antifungal, anticancer, antioxidant, antiviral and antitubercular compounds for use in the pharmaceutical and agrochemical industries.
Biodiversity and Antimicrobial Activity of Endophytes
2018
Endophytes are microorganism colonizing healthy plants tissue without causing any apparent symptoms and noticeable injury to the host. Both fungi and bacteria are the most common microbes existing as endophytes and are to be found in virtually every plant on earth. It is also suspected that other type of microorganism's viz. archaebacteria and mycoplasmas can undoubtedly exist in plants as endophytes, but no such evidence for them has yet been explored.
Biotechnology Research International, 2011
Endophytes are microorganisms that reside asymptomatically in the tissues of higher plants and are a promising source of novel organic natural metabolites exhibiting a variety of biological activities. The laboratory of Bioaromas (Unicamp, Brazil) develops research in biotransformation processes and functional evaluation of natural products. With the intent to provide subsidies for studies on endophytic microbes related to areas cited before, this paper focuses particularly on the role of endophytes on the production of anticancer, antimicrobial, and antioxidant compounds and includes examples that illustrate their potential for human use. It also describes biotransformation as an auspicious method to obtain novel bioactive compounds from microbes. Biotransformation allows the production of regio- and stereoselective compounds under mild conditions that can be labeled as “natural,” as discussed in this paper.
Therapeutic agents from endophytes harbored in Asian medicinal plants
Phytochemistry Reviews, 2020
Endophytes are a diverse group of microorganisms present in plant tissues which include fungi and bacteria and have been utilized as therapeutic agents. They are known to produce different secondary and primary metabolites, which can be used in therapy of various diseases. The primary objective of this review is to provide an insight of symbiotic relationship between the endophytes and medicinal plants, specifically belonging to Asia, and also to give detailed information about the novel bioactive secondary metabolites produced from endophytes, that serve as potential therapeutic agents. We performed a Pubmed-based literature search and considered publications including research and review papers related to endophytes, the chemical constituents isolated from them and their therapeutic applications. Endophytes have a symbiotic relationship with the host medicinal plants. They provide specific advantages to plants such as nitrogen fixation. They also produce biologically active secondary metabolites such as alkaloids, flavonoids, terpenes/terpenoids, polyphenols, xanthenes, anthraquinones, cytochalasins, benzofurans, steroids, lignans, polysaccharides and plant growth hormones. Many of these compounds have therapeutic applications such as antimicrobial, antioxidant, anticancer, and anti-inflammatory. Endophytic microbes also constitute an important source for drug discovery. This review comprehends the use of endophytes as therapeutic agents. Keywords Bacterial endophytes Á Fungal endophytes Á Medicinal value of Asian plants Á Secondary metabolites Á Therapeutic agents