An Historical (Inter)dependency: Mexican Migration to the United States (original) (raw)
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International Review of Business and Economics, 2018
Research indicates four main causes for migration from Mexico to the United States: Incredibly high crime rates, unemployment, poverty rates, and natural disasters. The first two are especially important in regards to trade between the two border sharing countries. Since agreeing to virtually total free trade, the United States has been able to take advantage of Mexico in such a way that has created further deterioration of the state. If the government of Mexico cannot resurrect the thousands of personal business that were effected do to NAFTA, the U.S. cannot expect for migration from Mexico to deteriorate or halt. By displacing Mexico's small business owner's, Mexico has effectively made their citizens weak to the inevitable increase in poverty, and the Cartels that have bought out swaths of land and human lives. In this paper, I reveal the direct correlations between agreements within the NAFTA and the millions of displaced agricultural workers in Mexico that caused an increase of immigration from Mexico to the United States. On January 1, 1994, The North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA), which includes Canada, Mexico, and the United States, was officially formed. By 2008, virtual free trade in almost all goods and services was established amongst all three countries, with the exception of a limited number of agricultural products traded specifically with Canada. The trade agreements of NAFTA were coupled with a surge of Mexican migrants to the U.S. The question under investigation is, why did so many Mexicans move to the United States after the NAFTA was signed? Contrary to the theoretical benefits of free trade, many citizens of the United States and Mexico have developed deep contention towards the agreement between their countries. In the United States, those whose' lives revolve around the manufacturing industry argue that increased trade with low-wage countries, such as Mexico, threatens their employment due to industrial re-location. Mexican's argue that the U.S. is dumping agricultural products and manufacturing industries that destroy local business and decrease the standard of living. Morethan 35 million Americans have Mexican roots, and Mexico is the United States' third-largest trading partner, next to China. Despite the positive correlation that the economic gravity theory presents, that both countries are at an advantage to trade with one-another, I'm afraid it's information is flawed. As the United States and Mexico attempt to find a way to grow their economies and decrease migration, from Mexico to the U.S., it is imperative for them to understand that free-trade, under the current NAFTA, has actually increased immigration from Mexico to the U.S. because of minimal protectionisms for Mexico's workers-especially in agriculture. This paper is written with the intent to inform people of the relationship between trade and immigration, specifically, between the U.S. and Mexico.
Free trade and immigration, Mexican experience under NAFTA
el tomo III Economía medio ambiente y desarrollo frente al derecho internacional del libro Derecho Internacional investigación, estudio y enseñanza, 2020
The main argument that I will develop in this essay is that free trade, as a relevant component of economic globalization, is a major cause of immigration. The general assumption of free trade is that every nation should specialize in the production of the goods and services in which they have comparative advantage. According to this idea, every nation have to produce the commodities that each nation is able to produce, maximizing its factors of production, and trade with each other, to satisfy and complement their own needs.
The Domestic and International Impacts of Migration between the United States and Mexico
International migration is an ever-growing phenomenon that has important development implications not only for the migrating population but also for the host and origin countries. Since many developed countries are large recipients of international migrants, they face challenges of integration of immigrants, job competition between migrant and native workers, and fiscal costs associated with provision of social services to the migrants. This paper will examine Mexican migration to the United States and argue that this migration is primarily a result of inadequate employment opportunities in Mexico. Other motives for emigration exist, namely kinship relations in destination locations, but the primary motive remains economic improvement. The lack of opportunity for meaningful employment largely stems from stagnant growth in Mexico. Michael Graybeal (2011) addressed in his report for the CSIS , data from the World Bank indicating that Mexico’s annual GDP growth has averaged 2.5 percent for the previous three decades, far below the 5 to 6 percent growth rate needed to create employment for new entrants into the labor force. As a result, many entrepreneurial Mexicans seek to improve their lives in the United States, and many send part of their earnings to relatives in Mexico. Relations between the countries often have been characterized by conflict. Analysts attribute much of the antagonism to the great disparities in wealth between the two countries; a history of intervention by the United States that makes Mexico highly critical and suspicious of United States positions; cultural differences and stereotypes of both nations; and the high levels of interdependence on many socioeconomic and political issues, both at the national level and in border areas.
2019
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Trade and development policy in Mexico in the context of North American economic relations
North American Review of Economics and Finance, 1990
This paper examines Mexico's trade and development policies and analyzes how these policies complement or conflict with those of the other North American nations. Looking closely at the periods 1950-1973 and 1973-1975, the authors explain how Mexico's development policies have marred or enhanced its ability to interact with the United States and Canada. They then show how the Mexico's history and strengths make it a strong candidate for partnership with Canada and the United States in a new North American Free Trade Agreement, a multilateral arrangement that will be important for continued economic prosperity in the North American region. Although several studies have addressed the subject of trade policy and development in Mexico and the bilateral economic relation between Mexico and the United States (and, to a lesser extent, between Mexico and Canada), the two issues have seldom been brought together. The main objective of this article is to analyze trade and development policies in Mexico by examining the extent to which they complement or conflict with policies in the other two North American countries. Emphasis is placed mainly on the United States, however, since this country not only is Mexico's main trading partner but also holds a dominant position in factor movement. The following discussion distinguishes two periods in Mexico's trade and development policies. The first section examines the period from 1950 to 1973, when relatively simple yet consistent development policies were followed. The second section examines the period from 1973 to 1985, when economic policies were marred by inconsistencies. The third section considers some scenarios based on the findings of the previous sections, and a final section looks at current possibilities for a North American Free Trade Agreement.
What effects, if any has regional co-operation through NAFTA had on US-Mexican migration
Mexican migration to the United States has been a perpetual area of contention and controversy for U.S.-Mexico bilateral relations since the early twentieth century. In fact it has been such that throughout the decades following the 1920s to date, despite various restrictive U.S. immigration policies; Mexico remains the leading country for both legal and illegal migration within the U.S. Remarkably, prior to the 1900s Mexican immigration issues and their effects and ramifications were not cause of concern to North America. However, it was inevitable that the two countries would be deeply entrenched in each other’s affairs to some degree as a result of the close proximity of their borders. Rodriguez-Scott held that each were susceptible to the domestic events of other; thus I contend that whilst their economic relationship was tightened by the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) the state of migration was simultaneously exacerbated.