Infant Feeding in the First Two Years of Life (original) (raw)
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Revista de Nutrição, 2015
OBJECTIVE: To analyze the situation of breastfeeding and complementary feeding in the city of Registro, São Paulo. METHODS: This cross-sectional study collected sociodemographic and feeding information of infants aged less than one year who participated in the 2011 multiple vaccine campaign. Breastfeeding and complementary feeding were analyzed by indicators proposed by the World Health Organization. The association between outcomes (exclusive breastfeeding and introduction to complementary feeding) and the explanatory variables (maternal and child characteristics) was investigated by the Poisson model with a robust error variance. RESULTS: We analyzed 713 children. The prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding was 50.0%. Children who were breastfed exclusively on the first day at home (PR=2.40; 95%CI=1.42-4.06) and not given pacifiers (PR=1.95; 95%CI=1.153.30) were more likely to be exclusively breastfed. The complementary feeding indicators showed that 62.1% of the children aged 6 to ...
Brazilian infant and preschool children feeding: literature review
Jornal de Pediatria, 2016
Objective: To assess the feeding profile of Brazilian infants and preschool children aged 6 months to 6 years, based on the qualitative and quantitative analysis of food and nutrient intake. Data source: This review analyzed studies carried out in Brazil that had food survey data on infants and preschool children. The search was limited to publications from the last 10 years included in the LILACS and MEDLINE electronic databases. Data summary: The initial search identified 1480 articles, of which 1411 were excluded after the analysis of abstracts, as they were repeated or did not meet the inclusion criteria. Of the 69 articles assessed in full, 31 articles contained data on food survey and were selected. Only three studies concurrently assessed children from different Brazilian geographical regions. Of the assessed articles, eight had qualitative data, with descriptive analysis of food consumption frequency, and 23 had predominantly quantitative data, with information on energy and nutrient consumption. Conclusions: The articles assessed in this review showed very heterogeneous results, making it difficult to compare findings. Overall, the feeding of infants and preschool children is characterized by low consumption of meat, fruits, and vegetables; high consumption of cow's milk and inadequate preparation of bottles; as well as early and high intake of fried foods, candies/sweets, soft drinks, and salt. These results provide aid for the development of strategies that aim to achieve better quality feeding of Brazilian infants and preschoolers.
Maternal knowledge on infant feeding in São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil
Revista Brasileira de Saúde Materno Infantil, 2020
Abtract Objectives: to describe the knowledge of infant feeding on breastfeeding and the introduction of complementary feeding among mothers of children under one-year-old in São Luís, MA. Methods: a cross-sectional descriptive study using a single questionnaire, standardized by trained interviewers, who visited all the residents in 20 communities chosen by convenience. This questionnaire searched for socioeconomic, demographic information, care received during pregnancy, and the knowledge about infant feeding. The analysis was performed through the creation of knowledge scores, frequency listing, central tendency and dispersion measurements. Results: among the 709 interviewees, 53.5% presented satisfactory knowledge. The score on the percentage mean of knowledge on infant feeding was 66.7%. The specific score on the introduction of complementary feeding was 60.7% and breastfeeding was71.4%. The benefits of breastfeeding for the babies were better known than the advantages it confer...
Food and nutrition bulletin, 2008
Breastfeeding and weaning practices are important determinants of growth and development not only in infancy but also later in life. To describe infant-feeding practices and beliefs about complementary feeding among low-income Brazilian mothers. Qualitative methods included focus group discussions with low-income mothers enrolled in a Family Health/Community Health Workers program in Ceará, Northeast Brazil. Breastfeeding is widely practiced in this area, and overall, mothers are knowledgeable about the benefits of breastfeeding for their infants and themselves. Practices of prolonged breastfeeding and delayed supplementation of infants with semisolid foods emerged as a problem among very poor women. In addition, the results showed common problems related to complementary feeding practices, such as the early introduction of solid foods and the use of expensive commercial cereals and formula for weaning. Cultural factors and taboos appeared to have an important influence on mothers&#...
The Scientific World Journal, 2012
Objective. To evaluate the effect of exclusive breastfeeding and consumption of other foods in the first six months of life in the nutritional status and body composition of children.Methods. A retrospective cohort study with 185 children aged from 4 to 7 years was monitored during the first months of life in a program of support to breastfeeding. We evaluated weight, height, waist circumference, and body composition by using DEXA. The nutritional status was assessed by the BMI/age index. The parameters of adiposity were classified by using as the cutoff point, the 85th percentile of the sample itself, according to gender and age. Confounding factors considered were variables related to maternal, pregnancy, birth, sociodemographic, health, lifestyle, and diet. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were performed, the latter by means of multiple logistic regression.Results. The median exclusive breastfeeding was 3 months. Of the children, 42.7% received cow’s milk and 35.7% received in...
Journal of Human Lactation, 2007
The present study evaluated the breastfeeding practice of 278 preterm infants born at the University Hospital of Londrina, Paraná, Brazil, during hospitalization and in the first 6 months of life. Data were obtained from the hospital records, and the mothers were interviewed by home visit (75.5%) or by telephone (24.5%) when the children were 6 months old. Data were analyzed statistically using the Kaplan-Meier survival method and Cox's multivariate regression model. During hospitalization, 100% of the preterm infants received human milk and 31% received exclusive breastfeeding. The median duration of exclusive breastfeeding and breastfeeding was 63.5 and > 180 days, respectively. The prevalence of breastfeeding in the sixth month was 54.7%, and 6.8% of the infants were still exclusively breastfed. Pacifiers were used (currently using or ever used) by 127 (45.7%) preterm infants and were associated with a 1.67 times higher risk of interruption of exclusive breastfeeding. J Hum Lact. 23 :269-274.
Breastfeeding and Early Weaning Practices in Northeast Brazil: A Longitudinal Study
Pediatrics, 2001
Objectives. To describe breastfeeding practices from 0 to 12 months of age in 4 small towns that are representative of urban northeast Brazil and to identify factors associated with introduction of other milk in the first month of life. Methods. From January to August 1998, 364 mothers were interviewed at delivery to ascertain antenatal care; delivery room practices; and their intentions regarding breastfeeding, pacifiers, and introduction of water, teas, and other milk. Their perceptions of home support and the advantages of breastfeeding also were assessed. Thereafter, daily information about feeding practices was collected at twice-weekly home visits. When other milk was started, a second interview was conducted to ascertain initial and current breastfeeding problems and use of a pacifier. Reasons for starting other milk were investigated using 5-point Likert scales. Results. Mothers were positive toward breastfeeding, and 99% breastfed their new infant. Few intended to breastfee...
Complementary feeding practices to children during their first year of life
Revista Latino-Americana de Enfermagem, 2007
Parada CMGL, Carvalhaes MABL, Jamas MT. Complementary feeding practices to children during their first year of life. Rev Latino-am Enfermagem 2007 março-abril; 15(2):282-9. This study aimed to investigate complementary feeding practices during children's first year of life in Botucatu, SP, Brazil. Practices were described according to the age range and the breastfeeding (BF) practice. Data were collected during a multi-vaccination campaign through the interview of 1,238 individuals who accompanied children younger than one year old being vaccinated. Differences associated with the BF situation were identified by the chi-square test and Fisher's exact test. The early introduction of complementary food was observed, which led to the low frequency of exclusive breastfeeding (36.9% <4 months). Children younger than 4 months old consumed tea (30.7%); children between 4 and 6 months old consumed fruits (54.1%), soups (39.9%) and home-made food (19.2%). Juice was offered only to 15.2% of children younger than 4 months old who were completed weaned, 60% of the children was offered water. Data show that the consistence of the food consumed was inappropriate: children between 6 and 8 months old were offered the family's regular food (48.8%) and children older than 8 months (71.6%) were offered soup. Therefore, interventions focused on complementary feeding are justified on the city. DESCRIPTORS: breast feeding; Milk, human; supplementary feeding PRÁCTICAS DE ALIMENTACIÓN COMPLEMENTARIA EN NIÑOS DENTRO DEL PRIMER AÑO DE VIDA El objetivo fue estudiar las prácticas de alimentación complementaria en el primer año de vida de niños en la región de Botucatu, SP, las cuales fueron descritas según el grupo etáreo y las prácticas de lactancia materna (LM). Fueron entrevistados 1238 acompañantes de niños menores de 1 año vacunados en la Campaña de Vacunación Múltiple. Diferencias asociadas con la situación de LM fueron identificadas a través del test Chi-cuadrado y el test exacto de Fisher. La introducción de alimentos conplementarios fue precoz, lo que produjo una baja frecuencia en la lactancia materna exclusiva (36,9% en < 4 meses). Niños menores de 4 años consumieron mates (30,7%), entre 4 y 6 meses consumieron frutas (54,1%), sopas (39,9%) y comida (19,2%). Los jugos fueron ofrecidos apenas en 15,2% de los niños menores de 4 meses quienes ya no lactaban, y, agua en 60,0% de los casos. Los datos muestran prevalencia en el consumo de preparaciones inadecuadas con relación a su consistencia: oferta de comida por parte de la familia en niños entre 6 y 8 meses (48,8%) y oferta de sopa a niños mayores de 8 meses (71,6%). Se sugiere que el municipio realice intervenciones enfocando la alimentación suplementaria. DESCRIPTORES: lactancia materna; leche humana; alimentación complementaria PRÁTICAS DE ALIMENTAÇÃO COMPLEMENTAR EM CRIANÇAS NO PRIMEIRO ANO DE VIDA Objetivou-se estudar práticas de alimentação complementar no primeiro ano de vida em Botucatu, SP, descrevendo-as segundo faixa etária e presença do aleitamento materno (AM). Foram entrevistados 1.238 acompanhantes das crianças menores de 1 ano vacinadas em Campanha de Multivacinação. Diferenças associadas à situação do AM foram identificadas pelo teste qui-quadrado e teste exato de Fisher. A introdução de alimentos complementares foi precoce, levando à baixa freqüência de aleitamento materno exclusivo (36,9% em <4 meses). Crianças menores de 4 meses consumiram chás (30,7%), crianças entre 4 e 6 meses consumiram frutas (54,1%), sopas (39,9%) e comida (19,2%). Sucos foram oferecidos a apenas 15,2% das crianças menores de 4 meses com desmame completo, água a 60%. Os dados apontam consumo de preparações inadequadas pela consistência: oferta de comida da família a crianças entre 6 e 8 meses (48,8%) e oferta de sopa a crianças acima de 8 meses (71,6%). Justificam-se no município intervenções focadas na alimentação complementar. DESCRITORES: aleitamento materno; leite humano; suplementação alimentar Disponible en castellano/Disponível em língua portuguesa SciELO Brasil www.scielo.br/rlae
Impact of the Brazilian national breast-feeding programme on mothers in greater São Paulo
Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 1990
A broad-based national breast-feeding programme was launched in Brazil in 1981 that was preceded by an evaluation of infant feeding habits in two metropolitan areas of the country. This paper reports the initial findings of an evaluation of the programme in Greater São Paulo that was carried out in 1987, 6 years after the programme started. The method employed was analogous to that used before the start of the programme in 1981. For this purpose, a representative sample of mothers who were attending child care services open to all income groups were interviewed, together with a number of health professionals. A total of 497 mothers with children aged 0-12 months were covered. A recall interview was also administered on the duration of breast-feeding for all children born to the mothers since 1981. As a result of the programme, the mean duration of breast-feeding rose from 89.4 days to 127.5 days and of feeding only breast-milk from 43.2 days to 66.6 days. The proportion of previous ...
Cadernos de Saúde Pública, 2014
This study aimed to analyze time trends in complementary feeding practices among children under one year of age in the city of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, from 1998 to 2008. Based on comparable questions on food consumption in five surveys conducted in representative randomized samples of children in 1998 (n = 3,762), 2000 (n = 3,670), 2003 (n = 4,305), 2006 (n = 3,686), and 2008 (n = 2,621), 16 complementary feeding indicators were constructed. The percentage frequency of all indicators was estimated for each year of the study. Linear trend analyses were also conducted by means of multivariate regression models. All indicators of early complementary feeding decreased from 1998 to 2008. In the 6-11.9 month age group, there was a significant downward trend in the proportion of children receiving food with adequate consistency for their age, consumption of iron-rich foods, and overall adequacy of the diet. A significant upward trend in fruit consumption was observed. There was a decrease ...