Phase-Only Synthesis for Large Planar Arrays via Zernike Polynomials and Invasive Weed Optimization (original) (raw)
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Sidelobe level suppression is a typical circular array (CA) optimization problem. Many conventional techniques are proposed in the due course of time which are computationally complexed and time consuming. As an alternative, several evolutionary and heuristics approaches have evolved for solving such problems. In this paper, a novel accelerated particle swarm optimization (APSO) is considered for solving circular array optimization problem. The APSO is implemented for CA synthesis with the objective of SLL suppression. The objective is achieved under scanned and unscanned beam conditions. A very low SLL of -25dB is observed when the main beam positioned at 00,150 and 300 . In all the cases the efficiency of the APSO is evaluated by the comparing the generated radiation patterns with those obtained from uniform CA.
IEEE Access, 2021
This paper presents a complete hybrid numerical methodology for the efficient design and optimization of large-scale Transmit-Array (TA) antennas for modern telecommunication applications. There are four main components to the proposed work and methodology: 1) the implementation through Python scripts of a hybrid scheme based on the Friis analytical formula for linking gain and phase of the primary source and elementary cells of the studied transmit-array ; 2) the implementation of a Particle Swarm Optimizer (PSO) for efficient characterization of the optimal phase distribution on the in-plane lens maximizing the gain of the antenna and minimizing the side-lobe levels for multiple fed TA antennas; 3) the implementation of a full-wave Finite element and Interconnecting domain decomposition (FETI) for the final analysis of the TA radiating performance; 4) the design, optimization, fabrication and proof of concept of an X band transmit-array including the focal source. This work presents the main functionalities of the hybrid Python/CST tool associated with phase compensation PSO, FETI implementation for transmit-arrays and as an application of this numerical strategy, a new compact unit-cell operating in the X-band (thickness of 3.2 mm) able to easily generate Phase Rotations (PR) necessary for TAs with phase compensation on the aperture. The proposed unit-cell is a completely symmetric design including a metallic via interconnecting two identical square patches (including a circular hole in the center and a microstrip line) by crossing through a ground plane. A particle swarm optimization (PSO) routine is proposed as a way to quickly optimize the phase distribution of the transmit-array unit-cells. The optimization routine is tested through multiple sources and focal ratios, demonstrating a reduction of over 50% of the volume occupied by the antenna, while keeping a high gain (19.5 dBi) and overall good performance.
Planar Antenna Arrays Beamforming Using Various Optimization Algorithms
IEEE Access
Due to the importance of beamforming in improving the communication systems performance, this paper presents a novel study of beamforming of planar antenna arrays (PAAs) utilizing the Improved Grey Wolf Optimization (I-GWO) algorithm with the goal of minimizing the peak sidelobe level (PSLL). It is very important to suppress the sidelobe level (SLL) because it minimizes interference and received noise. A two-dimensional (2D) optimization method is presented to find the optimal amplitude excitations and element placements in PAA. The effectiveness of beamforming optimization using the I-GWO is illustrated by comparing it with different metaheuristic algorithms such as Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), Gravitational Search Algorithm (GSA), Hybrid Particle Swarm Optimization with Gravitational Search Algorithm (PSOGSA), Runge Kutta Optimizer (RUN), Slime Mould Algorithm (SMA), Harris Hawks Optimization (HHO), as well as the original Grey Wolf Optimizer (GWO). Simulation findings show that antenna array beamforming using I-GWO is effective using the 2D optimization method compared to the other algorithms, where the 2D technique achieved the most decreased SLL with the fewest array elements, which helps reduce the cost of the entire system. This clearly shows that I-GWO is very efficient and can be applied to solve different beamforming optimization problems. It can also be used for the radiation pattern synthesis of other antenna array geometries for different wireless networks applications. INDEX TERMS Beamforming, grey wolf optimizer, optimization algorithms, planar antenna arrays, sidelobe level minimization, smart antennas.
IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, 2000
the rest of the radiated fields are below the 030 dB level. The component of the total radiated field with polarization perpendicular to the desired polarization (cross-polarization) is shown in . For all the directions of and , the values remain below 030 dB. Thus the main beam is pointing in the desired direction ( d = 30 and d = 90 ) with sidelobe and cross-polarization levels below 030 dB.
IEEE Access
The synthesis of pencil beam and arbitrarily shaped beam patterns of linear antenna arrays (LAA) using reduced number of antenna elements attracts the attention of researchers in recent years. In this paper, a hybrid beamforming technique based on the combination of the genetic algorithm (GA) optimization technique and the l 1 minimization method denoted as (GA/l 1) is introduced for LAAs synthesis. The proposed GA/l 1 beamforming technique optimizes both the elements excitations and interelement spacing to synthesize the desired LAA pattern with a minimum number of antenna elements. The GA/l 1 technique provides an excellent approximation to the desired radiation pattern with high accuracy and low complexity (less number of iterations and computational time) compared to the other synthesis approaches introduced in the literature. In addition, as an application of this work, the proposed GA/l 1 technique is used to build up a proposed hybrid precoding and beamforming (HP-BF) structure for Massive Multi-input Multi-output (M-MIMO) systems. In this structure, the transmit antenna array is synthesized for maximum gain realization using the existing number of antenna elements. In the HP-BF structure, the proposed GA/l 1 technique is used to make full use of the existing transmit array elements to synthesize the radiation pattern of much larger size and higher gain arrays without the need for additional elements. Thereby, significant savings in the number of antenna elements and their corresponding radio frequency (RF) chains are achieved, which reduces the system complexity. In addition, the array gain maximization will maximize the received signal to noise ratio (SNR) giving rise to higher system performance in terms of spectral efficiency (SE) and power utilization. INDEX TERMS Array synthesis, analog phase shifters, hybrid precoding and beamforming structure, massive multi-input multi-output, millimeter waves, spectral efficiency, uniform linear array.
Particle Swarm Optimization of Antenna Arrays with Efficiency Constraints
Progress In …, 2011
Phased array antennas are a viable solution to a number of problems related to radio communications applications. In this work, the multi-objective stochastic MOPSO algorithm is used to optimize the spatial configuration of a symmetric phased linear array. The defined optimization goals were the suppression of the radiation pattern sidelobes at a specified maximum scan angle as well as the minimization of the induced voltages correlation at the receiver frontend in order to maximize diversity performance. Non-linear constraints were enforced on the solution set, related to the multi-antenna system aperture efficiency and related to the mismatching when the array is scanned. The obtained optimized configurations for an array composed of 16 dipoles resulted in reducing the sidelobes up to 2.5 dB, when scanned 60 • away from broadside, compared to a linear array with elements spaced λ/2 apart. Furthermore, the optimized dipole arrays were characterized by a maximum element correlation of 0.12 to 0.43. The performance of obtained configurations was shown to be tolerant to feed phase variations that appear in realistic implementations. The arrays were analyzed employing the Method of Moments (MoM).
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Phased arrays steer their main beam electronically rather than by mechanical means. An array that communicates with satellites must have the ability to maintain contact with the satellite from horizon to zenith. The array, in particular its tilt angle, size, frequency, transmit power, and element spacing, determines the amount of signal received from the satellite during its orbit. This paper shows how to optimize the array design for a given satellite system using computational intelligence: a genetic algorithm.
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2016 URSI Asia-Pacific Radio Science Conference (URSI AP-RASC), 2016
AP-RASC is a triennial international conference in the field of radio science, where experts from all over the world gather to share their knowledge and experience, and to encourage scientific exchange and fellowship amongst industry colleagues and professionals globally. We would like to invite many participants from different cultures and continents, representing Europe, South and North America, Oceania, Africa, and Asia. Although Korea is hosting the URSI AP-RASC 2016, I believe that each and every one of you is the real host. The scientific program will provide an opportunity for participants to exchange new ideas and information on many important issues in radio science and related issues. High-standard general lectures will be provided by outstanding scholars invited both from academia and industry. This conference will be an occasion for participants to make new acquaintances and strengthen existing friendships. Also, the technical exhibitions promise to be another highlight of the conference. You will be able to see and come in direct contact with the latest innovations in radio science and related industries. Korea is covered with beautiful hills and fields, where a unique archival culture has bloomed and grown.
The Applied Computational Electromagnetics Society Journal (ACES)
In many applications, the radiating elements of the used antenna may be configured in the form of a one-dimensional linear array, or two-dimensional planar array or even random array. In such applications, a simple optimization algorithm is highly needed to optimally determine the excitation amplitudes and phases of the array elements to maximize the system’s performance. This paper uses a convex optimization instead of other complex global stochastic optimizations to synthesize a linear, planar, and random array patterns under pre-specified constraint conditions. These constraints could be either fixed beam width with the lowest possible sidelobe levels or fixed sidelobe level with narrower possible beam width. Two approaches for array pattern optimization have been considered. The first one deals with the problem of obtaining a feasible minimum sidelobe level for a given beam width, while the second one tries to obtain a feasible minimum beam width pattern for a given sidelobe lev...
Beamforming of a Linear Array Applying PSO Algorithm with Restrictive Approach
Journal of Communication and Information Systems, 2016
This paper presents a four-element linear array composed of E-shaped microstrip antennas designed to switchedbeam application in ISM (Industrial, Scientific and Medical) radio band. Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm is used to optimize four different sets of amplitude and progressive phase shift to achieve four distinct radiation patterns controlling the major lobe direction and sidelobe level. For this application, two restrictive approaches are presented for the implementation of PSO in order to guide the algorithm to feasible solutions.