“From Social Hostility to Social Media: Religious Pluralism, Human Rights, and Democratic Reform in Africa,” in Religious Rights, Lorenzo Zucca, ed. (Ashgate Publishing, 2015). (original) (raw)

n this article, I examine the new terrain of religious freedom and human rights in Africa, with particular attention to role of social hostilities in restricting religious. In the current environment of “postsecularism” and the global resurgence of religion the relationship between government restrictions and social hostilities is particularly complex in Africa, in light of the high degree of religiosity and the notably intertwined relationship of religion, culture, politics, and law, in marked contrast to the secularist and separationist paradigms that prevail in Europe and North America. Paradoxically, though the restrictions on religious freedom in many African nations stem from or have been exacerbated by social hostilities, including pernicious and inflammatory uses of social media, solutions to social hostilities may depend a great deal on empowering religious and civil society groups in the creative and constructive use of social media to change the normative perceptions, attitudes, values, and that underlie successful constitutional and democratic reform. Indeed, some of these creative uses of social media are already happening, but are threatened by crackdowns on freedom of expression and social media by the state. This article will examine uses of social media both to inflame and to reduce social hostilities in recent elections and constitutional referenda in Kenya, Tanzania, and Zambia.