East African Transport Infrastructure: The Cases of Ethiopia, Kenya and Tanzania (original) (raw)
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Through a series of road sector development programs (RSDP) implemented during 1997-2010, the Ethiopian government has invested more than $5 billion on road infrastructure. Among the major activities of the RSDPs were 17 projects to rehabilitate major trunk roads, 26 upgrading projects of trunk roads, upgrading of 32 link roads (roads that link trunk roads) and construction of 73 link roads. The result of this government investment in road infrastructure was a 70% growth in road density per 1000km2 and an increase in the fraction of roads in good and serviceable conditions from 22% to 54% during the stated period (ERA 2009). Such expansion of one city into a lone primate city will result in an unbalanced regional growth. The current federal arrangement, though expected to effect a balance in the growth of regional towns, the reality on the ground does not warrant any such conclusion. The expansion of infrastructure development in the transport sector and the growth of modern transport services contribute greatly to the social and economic development of the rural population. In poor countries, such as ours, any social and economic activity is confronted with many problems and constraints both internally created and caused by external pressures. These problems can be taken care of through structural changes in systems as well as minor adjustment measure. This being the case, it is easy to realize that there is a high level problem of capacity limitation and lack of proper management initiative in poor countries, such as Ethiopia. With respect to this, Ethiopia countries transport sector, find that the sector suffers from many serious weaknesses, e.gthe country does not have any transport policy and strategy; There is, therefore, a need for building rural feeder roads, both paved and gravel, to link major cities and intermediate towns with small rural towns. Other than the fact that the rural population earns its livelihood through agriculture, a large majority of the people lead a hand-to mouth life. This situation is in turn reflected in the low-level performance of the country's transport sector; because the level of a country's economic development and that of its transport The overall condition of the classified network is also poor; currently only 39 percent of the whole network is identified to be in good condition Furthermore, lack of institutional capacity both nationally and regionally has hampered the availability of a harmonized policy that can be applicable in all the countries to ensure effective management of roads. There is also the issue of old and smaller roads which need to be enlarged and even new ones build to cater for the growing population and the need for these populations to engage economically in enhancing regional integration .One can assert that road transport is everything to Ethiopia. The reason simply is that there is no other transport branch that is as close home to the hearts of the people than this branch in terms of providing services for transporting passengers as well as goods.
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This study addresses the relationship between road transport infrastructure and regional integration specifically, within the East African Community and how this relation enhances economic growth and development in the region. The notion is that, improved road transport infrastructure hugely contributes to regional integration and hence enhances economic growth and development. Governments in the region should strive to ensure that integration works as a means to achieve their development objectives. In so doing, this will facilitate movement of goods and services across borders with subsequent related benefits. The study gives informed recommendations that are aimed at addressing challenges facing road transport infrastructure. The study looked into the theoretical aspects of road transport infrastructure in a regional integration context. The recommendations illuminate the need to develop a common road transport policy and an effective monitoring and evaluation system to accelerate regional integration efforts. iii DEDICATION I dedicate this work to my parents Mr. Gilbert Omondi and Mrs. Dorcas Omondi, my husband
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Transport Infrastructure in Mek'ele, Ethiopia: Final Report
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Africa's Transport Infrastructure
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All rights reserved 1 2 3 4 14 13 12 11 This volume is a product of the staff of the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development / The World Bank. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this volume do not necessarily reflect the views of the Executive Directors of The World Bank or the governments they represent. The World Bank does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this work. The boundaries, colors, denominations, and other information shown on any map in this work do not imply any judgement on the part of The World Bank concerning the legal status of any territory or the endorsement or acceptance of such boundaries.
Impact of Transportation Infrastructure on Development in East Africa and the Indian Ocean Region
Journal of Urban Planning and Development, 2012
The study explores the relationship between transportation and development in the East Africa and Indian Ocean (EAIO) region. A positive link between development, defined in terms of gross national income per capita (GNI/cap), and transportation, operationalized in terms of the different major forms of transport infrastructure in the study region, is hypothesized. Multiple regression involving natural logarithms and concomitant statistics is employed to test the hypothesis. The resultant model is positive and statistically significant at the 95% level. Thus, the hypothesized relationship is confirmed. Two seemingly counterintuitive results, namely the not-statisticallysignificant negative association between railways and development, and the statistically significant link between dirt roads and development, are noted. Two plausible explanations are proffered for this unexpected finding. One is that dirt roads constitute a hindrance, rather than a facilitator, to development during the rainy season when they are impassable. The other is that railways in the area suffer from neglect and are not harmonized enough to maximize their utility. On account of the revelation that transportation, as a whole, is positively linked to development, and the fact that the functioning of other sectors depends largely on transportation, it is recommended that transport infrastructure and facilities be prioritized as an investment target in the EAIO region.
The importance of transport in the socio-economic and political development of any country be it developed or developing one is essentially very great. Given the historical and political evolution of many African countries as well as their colonial experiences which evolves around many European countries sharing spatial dominance has made the Africa continents to be bifurcated, balkanized and divided in such a way that the various European presence have ended up pursuing different social, economy and political policies essentially based by the political dictate of their home countries. The gaining of independence by many African Countries are known to have pursued most of the policies inherited from their colonial masters. The implication of this is that trade relationship and other general economic integration have not succeeded in improving sustainable economic integration and development for Africa. The focus of this paper is to justify how effective intermodal and integrated system of transportation can be pursued as a veritable panacea for African economic integration and development notwithstanding their colonial antecedent. The paper identified that African economy is growing within the context of globalization and international projections. In addition, new mineral resources have been discovered, improved health which is reflected by increased life expectancy, urbanization and the urgent need to curb unemployment. The potentiality of Africa to be fully pursued and realized requires the introduction and implementation of robust infrastructure renewal of existing ones and the provision for new ones. To effectively achieve these objectives wholesomely, efficient intermodal and integrated system of transportation is important to be provided. This paper further examined the current state of transport infrastructure in Africa which revealed that given the potentialities and expected economic projections of the continent, the infrastructure are grossly inadequate. It is against this background that this paper attempt to justify that, for Africa economic integration and sustainable development to be realized, effective intermodal and integrated system of transport infrastructure be pursued. The implications and associated benefits for pursuing an effective intermodal and integrated system of transport infrastructure constitute aspects of the recommendations of this paper.
Investigation Transportation Infrastructure in Developing Countries
This paper presents transportation infrastructure problems. One of the most significant problems that clearly have been seen in developing countries is economical problem. In any country, a good economic situation can be efficient in transportation and also the maintenance of transportation systems. Hence, to reach the ideal situation in infrastructure it's needed to come up with the lack of budget. World Bank lists several key business environment issues for infrastructure, i.e., "four Cs": inadequate cost recovery, corruption, insufficient competition, and low credibility of institutions. The aim of this paper is to clarify the significance of economic role in transportation infrastructure and also try to find the appropriate ways to improve developing countries economic.