Genetic Assessment of Amaranthus Linn. Genotypes in Treatment Combinations of Glomus clarum and Leucaena leucocephala Lam. Using Simple Sequence Repeat (SSR) Marker (original) (raw)
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Bulletin of the National Research Centre, 2019
Background: Grain amaranth (Amaranthus spp.) has been cultivated since ancient times in some countries in the world and it is one of the oldest food crops. At present, the crop has gained more importance in the plains of India, especially in parts of Gujarat and Maharashtra. Grain amaranth exhibits an incredible extent of morphological diversity and an extensive adaptability to diverse eco-geographical conditions. Hence, the aim of the recent research was to evaluate the genetic diversity of 19 genotypes from four diverse species of Amaranthus from India using ISSR markers. Results: The set of 11 polymorphic ISSR primers produced a total of 114 amplicons, among which 98 amplicons were polymorphic. The mean number of polymorphic amplicons per primer was 8.91. Overall, the size of PCR-amplified DNA fragments ranged from 200 to 3702 bp. The average percent polymorphism was 87.15%, and the average PIC value was 0.853, which indicates good selection of primers in the present study for the assessment of genetic diversity. The unique amplicon (marker)-producing primers were also found which can be used for identification of genotypes. The dendrogram grouped 19 grain amaranth genotypes into two major clusters. The groups formed on the principle component analysis (PCA) plot resembles with the results of the dendrogram although some genotypes have been diverted on the PCA plot. Conclusions: The technique may be used to obtain reasonably precise information on the genetic relationship among grain amaranth genotypes. Such information may be useful for selecting the diverse parents and monitoring the genetic diversity periodically in the breeder’s working collection of grain amaranth.
The Effect of Microsatelitte Core Sequence in the Differentiation of Amaranthus Cruentus Genotypes
Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology and Food Sciences
A collection of Amaranthus cruentus accessions was analysed to compare the characteristics of different dinucleotide core sequences of microsatellites repeats. ISSR analysis was performed to obtain corresponding genetic fingerprints and based on them, to construct dendrograms for every individual primer used in the study. A total of eighteen accesions were analysed. Dinucleotide sequence of (CA)6 repetition anchored by GG bases resulted in a total of 65 DNA fragments and 100-percent polymorphism. This marker has differ completely only 10 from all of the analysed genotypes. Dinucleotide sequence of (CT)8 repetition anchored by AC bases has resulted in the amplification of totally 97 fragments and 84.62 % of polymorphism. Only seven accesions were different among themselves when regarding this microsatellite core sequence. Dinucleotide sequence of (GA)6 repetition anchored by CC bases has resulted in the amplification of totally 171 DNA fragments and 100 % polymorphism. Not all the ge...
Molecular Characterization in Grain Amanranthus (Amaranthus spp.) using RAPD marker
RAPD assessment on genetic variation of total 58 accessions comprising 15 parental genotypes and their 43 F 1 hybrids of grain Amaranthus were analyzed. Among the 40 tested primers, four primers viz. OPA-06, OPA-10, OPA-14 and OPA-15 were able to discriminate all the genotypes sufficiently. In RAPD analysis, at the intraspecific level, the percentages of RAPD polymorphism were found to be 71.43 (A. hypochondriacus), 100 (A. cruentus), 100 (A. caudatus), 75.76 [IC-1733 (A. edulis)] and 84.85 [SKGPA-144 (A. tricolor)] and hybrids showed varied degree of polymorphism ranging from 42.86 to 71.43 per cent. The population matrix showed that allele at SKGPA-144 (Amaranthus tricolor) and F 1 hybrids have maximum genetic distance of 0.742 to 0.962 in all populations while population IC-1733 (Amaranthus edulis) has minimum genetic distance among all the germplasm. The lowest and the maximum genetic distance of IC-1733(Amaranthus edulis) was 0.663 and 0.720 respectively to all populations. It further matches the pattern of allelic frequency distribution where SKGPA-144(Amaranthus tricolor) and F 1 have remarkable high polymorphism.
Genetic diversity and trait profiles of some Amaranthus genotypes
Advances in Horticultural Science
Knowledge of the pattern of trait variation among accessions, and the trait profiles of the accessions is crucial for improvement of a crop. Twenty-one Amaranthus accessions were evaluated in 2018 and 2019 to investigate the extent of genotypic diversity among the amaranth accessions and their trait profiles. Data were subjected to analysis of variance, and correlation and principal component analyses. Taking stem weight (SWT) as the yield, the accession × yield-trait combination (GYT) biplot was employed to investigate the trait profiles of the accessions. Accession, year, and accession × year mean squares were significant (P≤0.05/0.01) for most of the measured traits. The first three principal components explained 88.18% of observable variation among the accessions and identified plant height (PHT), number of leaves per plant (NOL), and root weight (RWT) as the major contributors. Significant (P≤0.01) correlation was observed in the association of SWT with NOL, TBM, and RWT. Acces...
American Journal of Agricultural and Biological Sciences, 2017
The field experiment was conducted to evaluate the heritability, genetic variance, agro-morphological and yield characters of Sixteen Amaranthus genotypes. The seeds of the sixteen (16) genotypes of NGB01662. The results showed that there were variability performances in growth and yield characters of Amaranthus genotypes. NG/AA/MAY/09/027 and NG/AO/11/08/039 had the best growth characters while NG/AO/11/08/042 had best yield performance compared to other genotypes. The stem length recorded the best heritability estimate of 95.5% while weight of dry leaf, weight of fresh and dry inflorescent had least (47.7%). The plant height had a positive significant correlation with number of leaf (r = 0.53), leaf width (r = 0.57), number of branches (r = 0.56) but a strong positive correlation with stem length (r = 0.97), stem girth (r = 0.75), number of inflorescent (r = 0.68), inflorescent length (0.64) and inflorescent width (r = 0.72). Prin. 1 accounted for the highest variation in growth and yield characters with proportion of 0.3376 and eigen value of 4.7269, while Prin. 14 was the least with proportion of 0.0003 and eigen value of 0.0038. Therefore, there could be genetic improvement of NG/AA/MAY/09/027 and NG/AO/11/08/039 genotypes for further improvement of Amaranthus.
Plant Omics, 2010
Twenty six accessions of grain Amaranth (Amaranthus hypochondriacus L.) were evaluated for salient biochemical and quantitative traits particularly reference to chlorophyll a and b, total chlorophyll, phenol content, leaf moisture, leaf protein content, test weight and yield plant -1 . Genetic divergence and association among these traits were analysed. Chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, total chlorophyll and phenol content showed significantly higher values for all the accessions studied indicating thereby that these accessions can be successfully utilized for the improvement of these characters in this crop. Leaf protein content revealed exceptional attributes for ameliorating protein deficiency strictly in the diet of vegetarian people. Leaf protein content was noted significant in four accessions, namely AG-67/1 (3.152 mg g -1 ), AG-21 (2.452 mg g -1 ), AG-306 (2.101 mg g -1 ) and AG-1175 (2.101 mg g -1 ). Accessions with more leaf protein have potential to increase nutritional value and can be utilized for vegetable purposes. However, knowledge about amaranth leaf composition is still marginal. Using Euclidean cluster analysis 26 accessions were distributed in 3 clusters (at 9.0 euclidean distance) of which cluster I contained maximum (13) accessions, cluster II (10) and cluster III (3) accessions. The determination of chemical composition of leaf is necessary for variety evaluation, on the basis of high nutritive value for human diet. Biochemical characters had no significant genetic association with grain yield plant -1 which revealed that biochemical traits can be improved without altering grain yield. Cluster I and III were found more diverse than others and therefore can be used for developing recombinants.
Genetic divergence in Amaranthus collected from Pakistan
In the present study different species (Amaranthus hypochondriacus & A. tricolor) of amaranthus were collected from different agro-ecological zones of Pakistan and compared for their phenotypic and nutritional traits. A UPGMA cluster, grouped the 13 amaranthus genotypes into two major clusters, I and II, differentiating the ornamental amaranthus cultivars from edible. However, comparative view of the cluster showed that the Amaranthus hypochondriacus were closest to the China variety than to the Amaranthus tricolor according to their morphological characters. Optimal level of carbohydrates, fats, proteins and moisture contents were observed in 7033 (192.7 mg/ml), 7051(30.68 %) and 7033 (102.7 µg/ml) and 7034 (16 %) respectively, of Gonar, Northern Area and AJK of Pakistan. Accession numbers were allotted to the amaranthus germplasm and preservation of there seeds in the gene bank at PGRI, Islamabad, for future research activities including evaluation, characterization and crop improvement.
International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences, 2020
The experiment on twenty three genotypes including three check varieties (GA 2, BGA 2 and RMA 7) of amaranthus (Amaranthus paniculatus L.) was conducted to work out the genetic variability, heritability, genetic advance, correlation, path coefficient and genetic divergence effects of their various attributes on seed yield. The analysis of variance revealed that mean squares due to treatments were highly significant for all characters except seed volume weight (g/10ml). The magnitude of phenotypic coefficient of variation was higher than corresponding genotypic coefficient of variation for all the characters. The high estimates (>20%) of phenotypic (PCV) and genotypic (GCV) coefficients of variations were found in case of harvest index, biological yield/plant and low estimates (<10%) were observed for protein content and seed volume weight. Correlation analysis indicated that seed yield per plant had high and positive association with inflorescence length, plant height and biological yield per plant, while negative association were found for days to 50% flowering. Path analysis identified biological yield per plant and harvest index as important components having high order of direct and positive effect. Higher indirect and positive contributions on seed yield per plant were made by biological yield per plant via days to maturity followed by harvest index via protein content, inflorescence length via plant height. The characters identified above as important direct and indirect yield components merit due consideration in formulating selection strategy in amaranthus for selecting high yielding genotypes. The estimates of heritability in broad sense (> 75%) were high for plant height, biological yield per plant, harvest index, days to maturity and inflorescence length. The high estimates of genetic advance in percent of mean (>20%) were obtained for harvest index, biological yield per plant, plant height, number of branches per plant and inflorescence length. The contribution of ten characters towards divergence showed the highest contribution by plant height followed by biological yield per plant. High heritability and genetic advance indicate that the additive nature of gene action and reliability of those characters for selection and emerged as ideal traits for improvement through selection.
Genome analysis of amaranths: Determination of inter- and intra-species variations
Journal of Biosciences, 1997
Amaranths are an important group of plants and include grain, vegetable and ornamental types. Despite the economic importance of the amaranths, there is very little information available about the extent and nature of genetic diversity present in the genus Amaranthus at molecular level. We now report the randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) profiles of different species of Amaranthus as well as different accessions of the species. These RAPD analyses have been carried out using 65 arbitrary sequence decamer primers. From the RAPD data, an UPGMA dendrogram illustrating the inter-as well as intra-species relationships has been computed. The putative hybrid origin ofA. dubious from A. hybridus and A. spinosus is also ruled out by the RAPD data. The trends of species relationships amongst the amaranths determined by RAPDs is consistent with their cytogenetic and evolutionary relationships that have al r eady been determined.
Genetic Variability for Quantitative Characters in Vegetable Amaranthus (Amaranthus tricolor L.)
International Journal of Bio-resource and Stress Management
The present investigation on genetic variability in amaranthus (Amaranthus tricolor L.) Genotypes under Chhattisgarh plains was carried out at Pt. KLS College of Horticulture and Research Station, Rajnandgaon, Indira Gandhi Krishi Vishwavidyalaya, Raipur (C.G.) during kharif season 2015-16. The experiment was comprised of twenty three genotypes of amaranthus, laid out in Randomized Block Design (RBD) with three replications. Significant variations were recorded for the various characters studied. Widest range of variation was observed in Foliage yield (kg/plot) followed by harvest index(%), Leaf area, plant height and number of leaves per plant. Maximum genotypic and phenotypic coefficient of variation (GCV and PCV) was observed for Dry stem weight followed by Dry plant weight, harvest index (%), leaf stem ratio, Fresh stem weight. High magnitude of heritability was observed for Dry stem weight (91.7%) followed by Fresh stem weight (84.7%), Dry plant weight (84.6%), harvest index (83.3%) and leaf stem ratio (79.7%). The maximum genetic advance as percentage of mean was observed high for Dry stem weight (66.66%) followed by Dry plant weight (56.66%) and leaf stem ratio (50.57%). The highest heritability was recorded for the characters dry stem weight (91.7 %), fresh stem weight (84.7 %), dry plant weight (84.6 %), harvest index % (83.3 %), On the basis of this investigation selection criteria are Dry stem weight bringing out the improvement in amaranthus because they appearance with high value of GCV, PCV, heritability and genetic advance.