Molecularly Imprinted Polymer Micro- and Nano-Particles: A Review (original) (raw)
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Molecularly Imprinted Polymers: Present and Future Prospective
International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 2011
Molecular Imprinting Technology (MIT) is a technique to design artificial receptors with a predetermined selectivity and specificity for a given analyte, which can be used as ideal materials in various application fields. Molecularly Imprinted Polymers (MIPs), the polymeric matrices obtained using the imprinting technology, are robust molecular recognition elements able to mimic natural recognition entities, such as antibodies and biological receptors, useful to separate and analyze complicated samples such as biological fluids and environmental samples. The scope of this review is to provide a general overview on MIPs field discussing first general aspects in MIP preparation and then dealing with various application aspects. This review aims to outline the molecularly imprinted process and present a summary of principal application fields of molecularly imprinted polymers, focusing on chemical sensing, separation science, drug delivery and catalysis. Some significant aspects about preparation and application of the molecular imprinting polymers with examples taken from the recent literature will be discussed. Theoretical and experimental parameters for MIPs design in terms of the interaction between template and polymer functionalities will be considered and synthesis methods for the improvement of MIP recognition properties will also be presented.
Recent Developments in Molecularly Imprinted Nanoparticles by Surface Imprinting Techniques
Molecularly imprinted polymer nanoparticles (MIPNPs) are an increasingly important area of research with potential in applications such as biosensors, solid phase extractions and bioassays. Advantages over the traditional molecularly imprinted polymers typically include a higher binding capacity, greater selectivity and affinity for target species, and aqueous compatibility. Recent research efforts have sought to impart MIPNPs with additional capabilities by introducing nanoparticle size-control, stimuli-responsiveness, biocompatibili- ty, and optoelectronic properties. This short review describes the molecular imprinting principle and then discusses recent advances in the field of MIPNPs with particular focus on surface polymerization techniques to imprint both small and macro molecules.
Molecularly Imprinted Polymers for Chemical Sensing: A Tutorial Review
Chemosensors
The field of molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP)-based chemosensors has been experiencing constant growth for several decades. Since the beginning, their continuous development has been driven by the need for simple devices with optimum selectivity for the detection of various compounds in fields such as medical diagnosis, environmental and industrial monitoring, food and toxicological analysis, and, more recently, the detection of traces of explosives or their precursors. This review presents an overview of the main research efforts made so far for the development of MIP-based chemosensors, critically discusses the pros and cons, and gives perspectives for further developments in this field.
Enhancing binding properties of imprinted polymers for the detection of small molecules
Proceedings of the Estonian Academy of Sciences, 2018
This study demonstrates the promising steps towards improving the detection of small analytes in an aqueous solution by the quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) modified with a molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) based sensitive layer. A homogeneous thin polymer film of poly(m-phenylenediamine) (PmPD) was electrochemically deposited on the surface of a QCM sensor in the presence of sulphamethizole (SMZ) acting as a template molecule. The binding capacity of the resulting SMZ-MIP films was enhanced by modifying the sensing surface with a diethylaminoethyl-dextran (DEAE-Dex) layer, forming a SMZ-MIP(Dex) film. The dextran layer allows further preconcentration of template molecules on the sensor electrode before polymer electrodeposition. The relative adsorption of the SMZ-MIP(Dex) films, as designated by the imprinting factors, was found to be in all cases significantly higher than that of the other films. At least about three times enhanced relative binding capacity of the modified imprinted polymer on the QCM sensor was established. A probe of the analysed sensor signals revealed that the modification steps significantly reduced the contribution from nonspecific interaction of the polymer matrix, thus suggesting beneficial effects of the dextran modification and template preconcentration. The presented approach promises a positive route towards an improved specific detection of small molecules by molecular imprinting on QCM sensor transducers.
The Application of Molecularly Imprinted Polymers
Molecularly imprinted technology (MIT) has the characteristics of specificity and high selectivity, which is one of the most promising methodologies. Besides, the polymers are made using MIT as the functional material of solid-phase extraction and chromatographic fractionating and sensor, because of the characteristics of the high selectivity, the better stability and easy preparation. This review introduces the progress in the application of MIT and summarizes its application in the chemistry.
TrAC Trends in Analytical Chemistry, 2019
Molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs), as artificially fabricated selective absorbents, have exhibited great potential for selective separation and enrichment of trace targets in complicated matrix. However, preparing MIPs for specific recognition in aqueous matrix often face enormous challenges, which greatly limit the wide application of MIPs for selectively analyzing targets in water-containing samples. Herein, we summarize various smart preparation strategies of MIPs for specific recognition in aqueous matrix (call as aqueous-recognition MIPs for short) in recent years, including free radical polymerization (regulating the preparation environment, introducing non-hydrogen bonding interactions, utilizing hydrophilic monomer or hydrophilic crosslinker, surface modification, etc.) and non-free radical polymerization (sol-gel route, chemical/natural polymer assembly, hydrophilic molecularly imprinted resin, etc.). Meanwhile, we focus on the application of
Recent molecularly imprinted polymers applications in bioanalysis
Chemical Papers
Molecular imprinted polymers (MIPs) as extraordinary compounds with unique features have presented a wide range of applications and benefits to researchers. In particular when used as a sorbent in sample preparation methods for the analysis of biological samples and complex matrices. Its application in the extraction of medicinal species has attracted much attention and a growing interest. This review focus on articles and research that deals with the application of MIPs in the analysis of components such as biomarkers, drugs, hormones, blockers and inhibitors, especially in biological matrices. The studies based on MIP applications in bioanalysis and the deployment of MIPs in high-throughput settings and optimization of extraction methods are presented. A review of more than 200 articles and research works clearly shows that the superiority of MIP techniques lies in high accuracy, reproducibility, sensitivity, speed and cost effectiveness which make them suitable for clinical usage. Furthermore, this review present MIP-based extraction techniques and MIP-biosensors which are categorized on their classes based on common properties of target components. Extraction methods, studied sample matrices, target analytes, analytical techniques and their results for each study are described. Investigations indicate satisfactory results using MIP-based bioanalysis. According to the increasing number of studies on method development over the last decade, the use of MIPs in bioanalysis is growing and will further expand the scope of MIP applications for less studied samples and analytes.
A historical perspective and the development of molecular imprinting polymer-a review
2015
Molecular imprinting is an emerging technology which enables us to synthesize the materials with highly specific receptor sites towards the target molecules. Molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) are a class of highly cross-linked polymer that can bind certain target compound with high specificity. Such techniques have been progressively employed in a wide scope of applications such as development of various analytical techniques such as solid-phase extraction (SPE), liquid chromatography, capillary electro chromatography, binding assays and biosensors, mostly in bio-analytical areas. The aim of this review paper is to give a fundamental description of the molecular imprinted polymer and to give the reader an insight into the main developments are discussed, Particular emphasis will be placed on their role as affinity materials in separation science. Discussing first general aspects in MIP history and preparation and then dealing with various application aspects.