Circadian profiles in young people during the early stages of affective disorder (vol 2, e123, 2012) (original) (raw)

Mood disorders, sleep and circadian rhythms

2014

Sleep disturbances and disruptions of circadian rhythms are underlying factors in most mood disorders like major depressive disorder (MDD) and bipolar disorder (BD), and their seasonal pattern or seasonal affective disorder (SAD). Decreases in sleep efficiency, total sleep time and sleep quality have all been documented in MDD. In addition to this, depressed patients of all these three categories (MDD, BD, SAD) exhibit profound disturbances in circadian rhythms including the sleep-wake rhythm. Circadian clock dysregulation has been suggested to be due abnormal circadian rhythmicity of gene expression. In particular, CRY1 and CRY2 polymorphisms have been shown to be associated with MDD. Similarly, variations in CRY2, PER2, ARNTL and NPAS2 are associated with SAD. An antidepressant that benefits sleep quality and resynchronize disrupted circadian rhythms will be most useful in treating mood disorders. In this context, the newly introduced melatonergic antidepressant agomelatine with M...

Disruption of Circadian Rhythms: A Crucial Factor in the Etiology of Depression

Depression Research and Treatment, 2011

Circadian factors might play a crucial role in the etiology of depression. It has been demonstrated that the disruption of circadian rhythms by lighting conditions and lifestyle predisposes individuals to a wide range of mood disorders, including impulsivity, mania and depression. Also, associated with depression, there is the impairment of circadian rhythmicity of behavioral, endocrine, and metabolic functions. Inspite of this close relationship between both processes, the complex relationship between the biological clock and the incidence of depressive symptoms is far from being understood. The efficiency and the timing of treatments based on chronotherapy (e.g., light treatment, sleep deprivation, and scheduled medication) indicate that the circadian system is an essential target in the therapy of depression. The aim of the present review is to analyze the biological and clinical data that link depression with the disruption of circadian rhythms, emphasizing the contribution of c...

Circadian rhythms and treatment implications in depression

Progress in neuro-psychopharmacology & biological psychiatry, 2011

In humans almost all physiological and behavioural functions occur on a rhythmic basis. Therefore the possibility that delays, advances or desynchronizations of circadian rhythms may play a role in the pathophysiology of psychiatric disorders is an interesting field of research. In particular mood disorders such as seasonal affective disorder and major depression have been linked to circadian rhythms alterations. Furthermore, the antidepressant efficacy of both pharmacological and non-pharmacological strategies affecting endogenous circadian rhythms, such as new antidepressant medications, light-therapy and sleep deprivation, is consistent with the idea that circadian alterations may represent a core component of depression, at least in a subgroup of depressed patients. This paper briefly describes the molecular and genetic mechanisms regulating the endogenous clock system, and reviews the literature supporting the relationships between depression, antidepressant treatments and chan...

Circadian malfunctions in depression - neurobiological and psychosocial approaches

Romanian journal of morphology and embryology = Revue roumaine de morphologie et embryologie, 2015

Depression leads to disturbances in physiological rhythms, which result in disturbances in circadian sleep-wake cycles, hormonal secretion patterns and fluctuations in mood, all of which can be objectively measured. These disturbances, which are associated with depression, can be also used to define depression. Beyond these "transversal" time-related symptoms, there are the "longitudinal" time-related symptoms, since depression evolves over a long period of time, with a profound impact on a person's life and is often associated with long-term psychosocial consequences (Mendlewicz, 2010). The circadian rhythm reflects an approximate 24-hour cycle in the biochemical, physiological and behavioral processes of living entities, which crucially influences human well-being and health. Increasing evidence from clinical and neurobiological research suggests that disrupted temporal organization impairs behavior, cognition, mood, sleep and social activity and may be imp...

State of the art Chronobiology and mood disorders

2013

be truly designated “dialogues, ” I will raise specific and critical questions about the putative circadian rhythm disturbances in depression, provide a model within which to understand them, and summarize the present status and application of chronobiological therapies. This short overview will not go into detail of the clinical and experimental findings related to biological rhythms in depression, which have been extensively reviewed elsewhere. 1-9 I Chronobiologists predicate their work on a primary axiom, that temporal order is essential for health. Psychological, behavioral, physiological, and hormonal rhythms are specifically and functionally timed (entrained or synchronized) with respect to sleep and the day-night cycle. The converse premise implies that temporal disorder