Correlates of Intimate Partner Violence Among Men and Women in an Inner City Emergency Department (original) (raw)
Correlates of Intimate Partner Violence Among Male Alcoholic Patients
Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 2001
The present study surveyed medical and/or injured patients (men and women) in an inner city ED to examine the rates and correlates of IPV, including substance use patterns. Over a two-year period, participants (n=10,744) self-administered a computerized health survey during their ED visit that included screening items regarding past year history of IPV (including victimization and aggression). Overall, rates of any involvement in past year IPV were 8.7% (7.3% victimization and 4.4% aggression); however, women were more likely than men to report IPV. When examining participants' substance use patterns, participants who reported using both alcohol and cocaine were most likely to report IPV. Predictors of partner aggression and victimization were remarkably similar. This paper provides unique data regarding correlates of past year IPV history among a comprehensive sample of male and female ED patients presenting for medical complaints and/or injury.
Domestic intimate partner violence (IPV) is a serious health care concern, which may be mitigated by early detection, screening, and intervention. Objectives: We examine posited predictors in IPV and non-IPV groups, and in four different IPV profiles. Possible factors include 1) alcohol use, 2) drug use, 3) depression, 4) impulsivity, 5) age, and 6) any childhood experience in observing parental violence. We also introduce a new ‘‘Five Steps in Screening for IPV’’ quick reference tool, which may assist emergency physicians in detection and treatment. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study using survey data from 412 inner-city emergency department patients. Associations were explored using a chi-squared test of independence, independent-samples t-tests, and a one-way analysis of variance. Results: Nearly 16% had experienced IPV. As a group, they were younger, and more depressed and impulsive than the non-IPV group. They were more likely to engage in binge drinking, use drugs, and had more childhood exposure to violence. In the IPV group, 31% were perpetrators, 20% victims, and 49% both victims and perpetrators. The latter group was younger, more impulsive and depressed, used drugs, and was more likely to have observed parental violence as a child. Conclusion: Correlates in groups affected by IPV indicate the same general risk factors, which seem to more acutely affect those who are both perpetrators and victims. Alcohol and drug use, depressive symptoms, and childhood exposure to violence may be factors and signs for which emergency physicians should screen in the context of IPV.
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 2020
Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a pervasive public health problem. Within the U.S., urban emergency department (ED) patients have elevated prevalence of IPV, substance use, and other social problems compared to those in the general household population. Using a social-ecological framework, this cross-sectional study analyzes the extent to which individual, household, and neighborhood factors are associated with the frequency of IPV among a socially disadvantaged sample of urban ED patients. Confidential survey interviews were conducted with 1037 married/partnered study participants (46% male; 50% Hispanic; 29% African American) at a public safety-net hospital. Gender-stratified multilevel Tobit regression models were estimated for frequency of past-year physical IPV (perpetration and victimization) and frequency of severe IPV. Approximately 23% of participants reported IPV. Among men and women, impulsivity, adverse childhood experiences, substance use, and their spouse/partner’s ...
North Carolina medical journal
This paper identifies comorbid factors among female emergency department (ED) patients who have experienced intimate partner violence (IPV). 321 adult female patients completed self-administered questionnaires while in an urban North Carolina emergency department. IPV was assessed by questioning whether the patient had ever been afraid of a partner, physically hurt or threatened by a partner, or forced to have sex by a partner. One third of all female patients reported at least one form of IPV in their lifetimes. IPV was associated with a low self-rating of physical and mental health, frequent visits to the ED, and problems with alcohol, drugs, and mental health. In multivariate analysis, only a history ofalcohol and mental health problems and a low self-rating of mental health remained significant. The findings illustrate the need for IPVscreening protocols that address mental health and substance abuse and also emphasize the importance ofscreening all women for IPV
Intimate Partner Violence Perpetration Among Men and Emergency Department Use
The Journal of Emergency Medicine, 2011
Background-Intimate partner violence (IPV) perpetration and emergency department (ED) use share common risk factors, such as risk-taking behaviors, but little is known about the relationship between IPV perpetration and ED use or the effect of risk-taking on this relationship.
2012
Introduction: We assessed the correlation between intimate partner violence (IPV) and health behaviors, including seat belt use, smoke alarm in home, handgun access, body mass index, diet, and exercise. We hypothesized that IPV victims would be less likely to have healthy behaviors as compared to women with similar demographics.Methods: All adult female patients who presented to 3 Atlanta-area emergency department waiting rooms on weekdays from 11AM to 7PM were asked to participate in a computer-based survey by trained research assistants. The Universal Violence Prevention Screen was used for IPV identification. The survey also assessed seatbelt use, smoke alarm presence, handgun access, height, weight, exercise, and diet. We used chi-square tests of association, odds ratios, and independent t-tests tomeasure associations between variables.Results: Participants ranged from 18 to 68 years, with a mean of 38 years. Out of 1,452 respondents, 155 patients self-identified as white (10.7%...
Psychosocial and substance-use risk factors for intimate partner violence
Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 2005
Objective: Few emergency department (ED) studies have described the relationship between family violence and subsequent intimate partner violence (IPV) or accounted for partner alcohol use in IPV victimization. This study sought to identify family history and substance-use factors associated with IPV among women presenting to an urban emergency department. Methods: Case-control study in which cases (women identified as having IPV concerns and an IPV history) and controls (women without IPV) were frequency-matched by age group and race/ethnicity. Logistic regression was performed to calculate adjusted odds ratios (AOR) for any IPV, physical IPV, and sexual IPV. Results: The sample included 182 cases and 147 controls. Living with a partner (not married) and witnessing parental violence were independent risk factors for any IPV (AOR 2.55 and AOR 2.21, respectively). Partner's alcohol use (AOR 1.22 for every five drinks consumed per week) and heavier drinking (AOR 5.07) were also significant risk factors, but not subject's substance-use. The pattern of risk factors varied only slightly for physical IPV and sexual IPV. Conclusion: This study suggests a substantial relationship between partner alcohol use and IPV among women beyond the woman's substanceuse and confirms previous reports regarding the cycle of violence in women's lives.
American Journal of Public Health, 2007
Objectives. We examined the relationship between intimate partner violence victimization among women in the general population and emergency department use. We sought to discern whether race/ethnicity moderates this relationship and to explore these relationships in race/ethnic–specific models.Methods. We used data on non-Hispanic White, Non-Hispanic Black, and His-panic married or cohabiting women from the 2002 National Survey on Drug Use and Health. Adjusted odds ratios (AORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using logistic regression.Results. Women who reported intimate partner violence victimization were 1.5 times more likely than were nonvictims to use the emergency department, after we accounted for race/ethnicity and substance use. In race/ethnic–specific analyses, only Hispanic victims were more likely than their nonvictim counterparts to use the emergency department (AOR = 3.68; 95% CI = 1.89, 7.18), whereas substance use factors varied among groups.Conclusions. Our findings suggest that the emergency department is an opportune setting to screen for intimate partner violence victimization, especially among Hispanic women. Future research should focus on why Hispanic victims are more likely to use the emergency department compared with nonvictims, with regard to socioeconomic and cultural determinants of health care utilization.
WestJEM 21.2 March Issue, 2020
Introduction: Urban emergency departments (ED) provide care to populations with multiple healthrelated and overlapping risk factors, many of which are associated with intimate partner violence (IPV). We examine the 12-month rate of physical IPV and its association with multiple joint risk factors in an urban ED. Research assistants surveyed patients regarding IPV exposure, associated risk factors, and other sociodemographic features. The joint occurrence of seven risk factors was measured by a variable scored 0-7 with the following risk factors: depression; adverse childhood experiences; drug use; impulsivity; post-traumatic stress disorder; at-risk drinking; and partner's score on the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test. The survey (N = 1037) achieved an 87.5% participation rate. Results: About 23% of the sample reported an IPV event in the prior 12 months. Logistic regression showed that IPV risk increased in a stepwise fashion with the number of present risk factors, as follows: one risk factor (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] [3.09]; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.47-6.50; p<.01); two risk factors (AOR [6.26]; 95% CI, 3.04-12.87; p<.01); three risk factors (AOR = 9.44; 95% CI, 4.44-20.08; p<.001); four to seven risk factors (AOR [18.62]; 95% CI, 9.00-38.52; p<001). Ordered logistic regression showed that IPV severity increased in a similar way, as follows: one risk factor (AOR [3.17]; 95% CI, 1.39-7.20; p<.01); two risk factors (AOR [6.73]; 95% CI, 3.04-14.90; p<.001); three risk factors (AOR [10.36]; 95%CI, 4.52-23.76; p<.001); four to seven risk factors (AOR [20.61]; 95% CI, 9.11-46.64; p<001). Among patients in an urban ED, IPV likelihood and IPV severity increase with the number of reported risk factors. The best approach to identify IPV and avoid false negatives is, therefore, multi-risk assessment. [West J Emerg Med. 2020;21(2)282-290.]