Molecular Characterization of Cucumber Mosaic Virus and Structural Changes of Infected Sugar beet Plants (original) (raw)
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Ultrastructural Features of Catharanthus Roseus Leaves Infected with Cucumber Mosaic Virus
2012
Catharanthus roseus var. rosea, infected with Malaysian isolate of cucumber mosaic virus (CMV-MP), exhibited leaf mosaic, leaf deformation and malformed flowers. Electron microscopic examination of the infected leaf cells revealed significant alteration of the chloroplasts in the mesophyll cells. Large starch grains in necrotic zones and disorganized thylakoid system were the most prominent modifications observed within the chloroplasts of the infected tissues. Meanwhile, membrane-bound vesicles were detected in the vacuoles of the CMV-MP-infected leaf cells. A crystalline array of phytoferritin macromolecules was detected in the chloroplast at 40 days post-inoculation. However, neither single nor aggregate of CMV-MP particles was detected in the cytoplasm due to difficulties in differentiating them from the ribosomes. Nonetheless, structure resembling the inclusion bodies, commonly produced after virus infection, could not be found in the infected leaf cells. Similarly, structure abnormality in the nucleus or mitochondria was also not observed.
Biological properties and molecular characterization of beet chlorosis virus (BChV)
Archives of Virology, 2002
Two distinct viruses belonging to the Polerovirus genus, in the family Luteoviridae, have been described as being able to induce mild yellowing on sugar beet: Beet mild yellowing virus (BMYV) and more recently, beet chlorosis virus (BChV). We have analysed biological properties and molecular organisation of two strains of BChV, one collected in England and the second from California. The biological data suggested that BChV displayed a narrower host range compared to BMYV and Beet western yellows virus lettuce isolate (BWYV). The complete genomic RNA sequence of the American isolate BChV-California and the European isolate BChV-2a showed a genetic organisation and expression typical of other Polerovirus members including 6 open reading frames (ORFs). Interspecific and intraspecific phylogenetic studies suggested that BChV arose by recombination events between a Polerovirus-like ancestor donating P0 and the replicase complex and either a BMYV or a BWYV progenitor providing the 3 ORFs [3, 4 and 5]. The 5 -and 3 -parts of the BChV genome have evolved differently in the two continents, possibly due to different selection pressures to allow adaptation to the various environments, hosts and vectors. BChV is a distinct species of the Polerovirus genus.
Journal of Plant Pathology, 2017
The severe strain of Beet curly top virus (BCTV-Svr, genus Curtovirus) and Beet curly top Iran virus (BCTIV, genus Becurtovirus) are the causal agents of beet curly top disease in Iran. The interaction between the two viruses in three sugar beet cultivars (cvs) Brigita, Dorothea and 7233 was examined by evaluating disease severity (DS), plant growth and the titre of viral DNA in infected plants. Sugar beet cultivars differed significantly (P < 0.001) in DS. Infected 7233 plants showed less severe symptoms compared to those observed in plants of cvs Brigita and Dorothea. Cultivar 7233 was less affected by BCTV-Svr infection compared to BCTIV infection or mixed infection of both viruses. However, there was no significant difference in DS index (DSI) between Brigita and Dorothea infected by either one or both viruses. Brigita and 7233 cultivars showed the highest and lowest reduction in vegetative growth indices, respectively. Consequently, Brigita cultivar was considered a highly susceptible, Dorothea a susceptible and 7233 a tolerant cultivar. The highest plant growth reduction in all three cultivars was caused by mixed infection. Analysis of the real-time PCR data showed that in single infection of each cultivar with either BCTV-Svr or BCTIV, the titre of BCTV-Svr DNA was higher than that of BCTIV DNA. However, in mixed infection of all three tested cultivars, BCTIV DNA titre increased relative to BCTIV-only infection, while BCTV-Svr DNA titre dropped relative to a BCTV-Svr-only infected plant. The results of this study indicate a form of interference phenomenon for this virus-host system with more severe symptoms in mixed than in single infections and with the highest BCTIV and the lowest BCTV-Svr DNA titres, respectively, in mixed infection.
Partial Characterisation of Two Isolates of Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV)
Scientific Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Field observation revealed that the most common symptoms on naturally infected plants in Alexandria, Dakahliya, Kafr Elsheikh and El-Beheira governorates in Egypt were severe mosaic, mild mosaic, chlorosis, mottling, vein banding, blisters, malformation, fern leaf, shoe-string and/or stunting. These symptoms were suspected of being caused by Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) and confirmed by indirect ELISA. Two samples obtained from wild tobacco and cucumber plants reacted positively with the CMV specific antiserum. Based on symptomology and disease severity on Nicotiana glutinosa and Chenopodium amaranticolor, two isolates of CMV were named CMV-wild tobacco (from Alexandria) and CMVcucumber (from Kafr El-sheikh) and subjected to this study. Reaction of some diagnostic hosts of 11 plant species belonging to five families upon inoculation with the two isolates included different symptoms characteristic to CMVinfection, albeit those induced by CMV-wild tobacco being invariably more severe than those elicited by CMV-cucumber. Identification of virus isolates was confirmed using real time reverse transcription PCR (qRT-PCR). The test isolates demonstrated a single qRT-PCR amplification product of 500bp. The two isolates could be transmitted mechanically and easily transmitted by four aphid species in non-persistent manner. The most efficient vector was Myzus persicae followed by Aphis gossypii, Rhopalosiphum maidis and A. nerii with transmission rates of 90%, 70%, 60% and 50%, respectively, for CMV-wild tobacco and being 80%, 80%, 40% and 30%, respectively for CMV-cucumber. The two isolates could not be transmitted via Cucurbita pepo seeds derived from infected plants. However, virus infection had a great effect on seed germination.
Insilico Analysis of Mosaic Virus Proteins in Different Plants of Cucurbit Family
INTRODUCTION Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) causing viral diseases of many important plants worldwide have been isolated from pumpkin (Cucurbitapepo L.) plant leaves. Diseased plants had light green mottled foliage. Leaves were smaller than normal, yellow mottled and crinkled. Cucumber mosaic, caused by the cucumber mosaic virus, is one of the most widespread and destructive diseases on cucumber and muskmelon. The disease has been known since the early 1900's, and is now found worldwide. The virus can infect cucumber, squash, muskmelon, and numerous other hosts in 34 plant families, including tomato, lima bean, beet, sweet corn, and sweet potato. Most often, actively growing and mature plants are affected. It rarely infects plants in the seedling stage, but will kill them quickly when it does. It causes a decrease in the number and the quality of the fruit.
Distribution and properties of geographically distinct isolates of sugar beet yellowing viruses
Plant Pathology, 2005
From a total of 261 yellow sugarbeet leaves collected from 10 countries representing three continents, the incidence and distribution of strains of Beet mild yellowing virus (BMYV), Beet chlorosis virus (BChV) and Beet yellows virus (BYV) were analysed using serological and molecular methods. BMYV was found in all countries except Greece, and more frequently in the northern and western areas of Europe, whereas BYV predominated in Turkey, Spain, Greece, the USA and Chile. BChV, originally found in the USA and the UK in 1989, was identified in France, Spain, the Netherlands and Chile. Nine sugar beet poleroviruses, plus a reference isolate of Turnip yellows virus (TuYV, syn. Beet western yellows virus ), were further characterized and compared. Isolates obtained from sugar beet infected this species, but not oilseed rape or lettuce; all isolates except one infected Capsella bursa-pastoris . The coat-protein sequences of these isolates were highly similar, with the consensus sequence representing 89% of nucleotide residues. Within the coat-protein gene, two regions were identified that could represent specific epitopes to which monoclonal antibody BYDV-PAV-IL-1 could bind; this antibody is used to distinguish beet poleroviruses in ELISA. Comparison of the sequences at the 5 ′ end showed that sequence homology existed only between isolates with the same host range. The first sequence data of polerovirus isolates from Chile are presented, showing that the coat protein and the 5 ′ end of their genomes are highly similar to those of BMYV isolates found in Europe. Chilean polerovirus isolates may have been imported from the northern hemisphere in sugar beet breeding material.