Evaluation of Alveolar Bone Level & its Density in Postmenopausal Women: A Radiovisiographic Study (original) (raw)
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Al-Azhar Journal of Dentistry, 2024
This study aimed to investigate the possible association of bone mineral density with alveolar bone loss in women during postmenopause. Patient and methods: Totally 60 women after menopause between the ages of 45 and 65 were divided equally into the following three bands using a dual radiography absorptiometry scan (DXA): 20 participants in group I were healthy (T-score of À1). Cluster II consisted of 20 women during postmenopause with osteopenia (À1 > T-score > À2.5). 20 osteoporotic females with menopause form cohort III (T-score À2.5 or less). The cementoenamel junction and alveolar crest distance CE-JAC were measured using cone-beam computed tomography images. Results: The relationship between clinical attachment loss and linear measures of bone loss at six locations surrounding the most damaged tooth in the maxilla and mandible was favorable in osteopenic and osteoporotic groups (weak to moderate), while negative association in the normal group (poor to mediate). Conclusions: Osteoporosis and periodontal disease were correlated, with the greatest linkage in women who were in post-menopausal stage. So the oral health promotion, including routine dental examination and oral hygiene care, is very beneficial.
Bone Mineral Density in Periodontally Healthy and Edentulous Postmenopausal Women
Annals of Periodontology, 1998
Osteoporosis is the most common metabolic disease among postmenopausal women. Reduced masticatory function caused by tooth loss may be a contributing risk factor of osteoporosis. The present study examined the effect of dentate state on skeletal bone mineral density (BMD) in postmenopausal women. Fourteen periodontally healthy dentate subjects (group H; mean age: 64.0 ± 5.5 years) and 12 edentulous subjects (group E; mean age: 67.1 ± 2.9 years) were randomly selected from the clinics of the departments of Periodontology and Gerodontology, respectively. Informed consent was obtained from all participants. BMD of the lumbar spine (L2‐L4) was measured by dual energy x‐ray absorptiometry. In addition, occlusal force was measured in 11 group H subjects and 8 group E subjects by using an occlusal diagnostic system. Risk factors associated with osteoporosis including age, calcium intake, physical activity, and cigarette smoking and causes of tooth loss were assessed by interview and questi...
Indian Journal of Dental Research, 2011
Background: Data suggest that postmenopausal women with osteoporosis are at an increased risk for periodontal attachment loss and tooth loss; however, the extent of relationship between these two diseases is still not clear. Aim: The aim of the study was to evaluate the correlation of periodontal status and bone mineral density (BMD) in postmenopausal women. Materials and Methods: The study population included 60 postmenopausal women aged 50-60 years (mean±SD: 55.5±3.4 years). Periodontal status was examined by plaque index, bleeding index, probing depth, and clinical attachment level (CAL). Digital panoramic radiograph was taken to measure the maxillary and mandibular alveolar bone density values. Skeletal (calcaneal) BMD was measured by quantitative ultrasound technique for T-score values. The recorded data for T-score, maxillary and mandibular alveolar bone densities, and periodontal status were subjected to statistical analysis for correlation and regression procedures. Results: The results showed that mandibular alveolar (r=0.907, P<0.001) and maxillary alveolar bone density (r=0.898, P<0.001) had significant positive correlation with calcaneal T-score. Probing depth (r=-0.316, P<0.05), bleeding index (r=-0.277, P<0.05), and plaque index (r=-0.285, P<0.05) showed weak but significant negative correlation with calcaneal T-score and alveolar bone density of both the jaws, whereas CAL showed weak correlation with T-score which could not reach to a statistically significance level (r=-0.221, P>0.05). Conclusion: Calcaneal BMD was related to alveolar bone loss and, to a lesser extent, to clinical attachment loss, implicating postmenopausal bone loss as a risk indicator for periodontal disease in postmenopausal women.
Journal of dentistry (Tehran, Iran), 2013
Different studies have reported contradictory results about the effect of osteoporosis on periodontal status. We performed this study to evaluate the periodontal status of menopausal women by methods with enough accuracy and confidence. This study was performed based on the evaluation of bone mineral density using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry in 2010. A total of 60 patients who met the inclusion criteria were selected and divided into three groups of osteoporosis, osteopenia, and normal. Then, evaluation of periodontal markers such as pocket depth (DP), attachment loss (AL), and tooth loss (TL) was performed by a dental student. A panoramic radiography was performed for those who were suspicious of periodontal disease and bone decline. Finally, evaluation of the periodontal indexes was compared among the three groups using ANOVA with 95% confidence interval. Mean bone decline was higher in the osteoporosis group compared to the other two groups, but the difference was not signif...
Bone, 2006
The association between skeletal bone mineral density (BMD) and mandibular alveolar bone mass has been reported to be rather weak, probably due to local functional factors. Many new investigations are therefore focused on assessing the mandibular bone structure. No long-term structural alterations have been reported in human mandibular bone with the exception of alveolar crest changes related to periodontal disease. The aim of this prospective study was to investigate dentate women to see if possible alterations in the radiographic characteristics of the mandibular alveolar bone are related to changes in BMD. The BMD of 131 women (initial age 22-75 years) was determined in the distal forearm with dual energy X-ray absorptiometry on two occasions separated by an interval of 5 years. Mandibular alveolar bone mass (MABM) was assessed both by the optical density and by the grey-level value on digitized, calibrated, periapical radiographs. The radiographic alveolar bone structure was evaluated with a visual index [Lindh C, Petersson A, Rohlin M. Assessment of the trabecular pattern before endosseous implant treatment: diagnostic outcome of periapical radiography in the mandible. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 1996;82:335-43. [16]] and digitally by the alveolar bone texture. MABM decreased significantly during the 5-year period. Changes in MABM, evaluated by the mean greylevel value of a bone segment between the premolars, were correlated to changes in skeletal BMD (r = 0.33, P b 0.001). Changes in MABM, evaluated by the optical density, did not correlate to changes in skeletal BMD. The overall trabecular pattern did not change during the study period, but small changes in the bone texture were measured. The changes in the bone texture were correlated with BMD change (r = 0.39, P b 0.001). We conclude that changes in the mandibular alveolar bone do reflect changes in the skeletal BMD, and these may be estimated on periapical radiographs by changes in their grey-level value and their texture.
Swedish dental journal. Supplement, 2005
The aim of this series of studies was to investigate the relationship between skeletal bone mineral density (BMD) and mandibular alveolar bone mass (MABM), structure, and thickness, as well as to evaluate the possible effect of local functional factors on MABM and alveolar thickness. A further aim was to elucidate whether longitudinal changes in mandibular radiographic characteristics and the bucco-lingual dimension of the alveolar process were related to alterations of BMD. BMD was measured in 160 dentate women using dual X-ray absorptiometry of the forearm. On periapical radiographs MABM was estimated using densitometry and the grey-level value. The alveolar bone structure was evaluated with a visual index and by examining the bone texture on periapical radiographs. The thickness of the masseter was assessed with ultrasound imaging to estimate the masticatory functional factor, and the bucco-lingual alveolar thickness was measured on casts. MABM and alveolar structure were signifi...
Contemporary clinical dentistry
Osteoporosis is a disease that is seen commonly with increasing age. The purpose of this study was to compare the bone quality of pre- and post-menopausal women using the quantitative indices determined by measurements on panoramic radiographs (mental index, inferior and superior panoramic mandibular indices, antegonion index [AGI], and gonion index) and to determine the effects of serum calcium and serum estradiol levels on alveolar bone loss. Sixty female patients in the age group of 25-55 years were included in the study. The patients were divided into three equal groups, i.e., control Group A (twenty - premenopausal women), study Group B (twenty - postmenopausal women with healthy periodontium), study Group C (twenty - postmenopausal women with periodontitis). Quantitative indices were measured on digital panoramic radiographs of the patients and serum calcium and estradiol levels were determined. Correlation of serum calcium with radiomorphometric indices of all the groups show...
2020
Gender-based heterogeneity in periodontal disease has been witnessed in the recent past with huge mounting evidence. The composite effect of sex-based genetic structure and the sex steroid hormones runs in line with the corresponding genderrelated differences in risk for chronic periodontitis. Since estrogens, the predominant sex hormones in women, show immune protective and anti-inflammatory effects in hormonally active premenopausal women, they show better periodontal status compared to age-matched men. Conversely, after menopause with a weakening estrogen signal, women may show an equal or even more serious periodontal status compared to men. Periodontal status of postmenopausal women may be improved by menopausal hormone therapy. Alveolar bone loss, an irreversible sign of past periodontal disease activity can be easily observed on radiographs in an objective manner. Orthopantomographs provide a fairly accurate assessment of the status of alveolar bone in the whole mouth. A cros...