The Third Wave Democratization: Local Strongmen Political Dynasty Phenomenon Case study: Aquino Family in Philippines and Zukifli Nurdin Family in Jambi, Indonesia (original) (raw)

Indonesia and the Philippines : political dynasties in democratic states

2013

The growth of political dynasties poses a serious challenge to the democratic consolidation in the Philippines and Indonesia. However, the needed reforms to prevent political dynasties from monopolising electoral politics in both democracies remain elusive. Commentary Indonesia and the Philippines, the biggest democracies in Southeast Asia, have been facing a significant threat to the vibrancy of their respective political system, i.e., the rise of political dynasties. The Philippines' Supreme Court has recently dismissed a petition compelling the Commission of Elections to ban members of the political dynasties from running in the May 2013 mid-term elections, due to the absence of an anti-political dynasty law required by the Philippine Constitution. Meanwhile, Indonesia's Ministry of Home Affairs has proposed an anti-political dynasty clause in the new Regional Elections Bill, forbidding direct succession of governors, district heads and mayors by their family members. Crucial to this issue of political dynasties in liberal democracies is how to prevent them from monopolising electoral politics.

Political Dynasty in Badunsanak Regional Election in West Sumatra, Indonesia

https://www.ijhssi.org/vol10-issue5.html, 2021

The diversity of cultures that Indonesia has as a unitary state has a variety of democratic systems based on distinctive local cultures. This study is important in re-reading Indonesia's democratic system today, in an effort to restore state governance in accordance with the spirit of the Indonesian nation as stated in the 1945 Constitution. Data collection was carried out by observing political dynamics in the 2020 West Sumatra simultaneous regional elections, which were reported by the mass media. , online media, social media, and interviews. This research finds that, first, the existence of society as citizens of the nation will be obtained if the democratic system and political practice are based on the strength of the cultural capital of society within the framework of diversity and diversity. Second, democracy based on cultural strength will give birth to a strong government. Third, local democracy must be guarded, cared for, and protected by the state, in an effort to strengthen people's sovereignty which is rooted in local political culture, in order to be able to withstand the blows of global liberalism and capitalism.

Political Dynasties and The Emergence of Local Oligarchs in Indonesia and The Philippines

2013

This paper analyzes the relationship between local oligarchs and the emergence of political dynasties in Indonesia and the Philippines. In particular, this paper employs an oligarchic theory to examine political behavior of local oligarchs in Banten, Indonesia and compare it with the case of the Philippines. Sets of literature argue that political dynasties in Indonesia are less prevalent than in the Philippines. In addition, unlike in the Philippines, the use of coercive power to gain political power is considered uncommon in Indonesia. However, recent developments show a salient trend of the emergence of family dynasties and the increasing use of violence undermining Indonesia’s democracy.

The Influence of Political Dynasty on the Democracy Climate

Constitutional Law Society

Indonesia's political culture does have its own characteristics, where regions with a variety of local cultural values also always give different political nuances. However, if we pay close attention, almost no region is free from the legacy of feudalism values, patrimonial practices, patronage and the characteristics of a communal society which tend to be very permissive. This condition then gave birth to political dynasties, one thing that is also a problem for democracy in our country. This research is a doctrinal research or normative legal research. Political dynasties are primitive reproductive systems of power because they rely on the blood and lineage of only a few people. Political dynasty can also be interpreted as a strategy to maintain power in order to remain in the family circle. Political dynasties tend to give rise to multiplication of actors (actors that appear only within dynasties), not pluralism of actors (actors that appear tend to vary from various backgrou...

Political Dynasty in Public Governance: A Close Encounter with the Cebuanos

Asia Pacific Journal of Multidisciplinary Research, 2016

This is a qualitative study which described the existence of political dynasties in Cebu, Philippines. The prevailing issues on political equality and perennial rule of political families were also investigated unfolding the Cebuanos' perceptions of political dynasty and its impact on Cebuano bureaucracy. The method of data analysis used in the study was narrative inquiry where storytelling among the selected key informants served as data collection technique. Purposive sampling was used in the selection of key informant politicians while random sampling for key informant voters was determined. The instruments used in data gathering were interviews and observations. The study revealed the true meaning of political dynasty, its advantages and drawbacks to its constituents. Varied rejoinders and call for democracy motivated the selected key informant politicians to continue serving the citizenry. This study recommends that an anti-individualistic voting preferences campaign be promoted by the government, education and youth sectors in transforming intelligent Filipino voters.

Dynasty of Politics and Functions of Political Parties (Study of Indonesian Regional Head Election (Pilkada) in 2020

2021

The paper is written using quantitative methods by describing the development of political dynasties in Indonesia, especially in the 2020 regional elections as well as the functions of political parties in Indonesia. The election of the regional head becomes a constitutionally valid effort in replacing the regional head. Regional heads who are contesting the regional elections (regional elections) in 2020 are inseparable from the role of political parties. One of the functions of political parties, namely conducting political recruitment to fill regional heads and presidents. The hypothesis that political dynasties become present when the functions of political parties weaken, including regeneration and political recruitment. To corroborate the hypothesis, the author uses the theory of political parties.

Young Heros: The Indonesian Family in Politics. By Saya S. Shiraishi. Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell Southeast Asian Program Publications, 1997. 185 pp. $16.00

The Journal of Asian Studies, 1999

In the post-colonial countries, a like Indonesia, a democratic political system is considered the best choice to govern. However, although Indonesia has become the third largest democracy in the world, yet still have a family politics entrenched and practiced in modern political system. In the emerging Indonesian democracies, however, family, patronage, nepotism and dynasty are also key ingredients within these politics. Some reflect generations-long traditions of political power, whilst others are generated by the opportunities presented by the democratic and electoral process itself. This paper attempts to investigate the process of the emergence of a political dynasty and how political dynasty was maintained power in Southeast Sulawesi. By using qualitative research methods, it was found that local elections as instrument for maintained and retained his power in local election, especially in Southeast Sulawesi. The victory achieved by the political families in the political contest is caused by several factors. Each political family able to maintain the loyalty of supporters, even from time to time they were able to expand the number of constituents. For a political family, they are easy to take advantage of his position with a number of manipulation and pressure. Various forms of public policy and programs manipulated as his success, intervention in selecting the electoral officer and staffs, the politicization of the bureaucracy, money politics and thuggery. The family of politicians also trying to extended their power through the assimilation process (family wedding) between politicians in a region with politicians from other regions.

Political Dynasties: Philippines' de Facto Party System

A crude analysis of the composition of the Philippine government would show that Philippine politics is dominated by various political clans. The involvement of families in the politics of the Philippines and the concurrence of the lack of an efficient party system resulted to the rise of dynastic clans that dominate elections. Some authors argue that this results from natural tendency of incumbent politicians to bypass institutional constraints by introducing bench-warmer candidates. Tests on the results of the 2010 and 2013 senatorial elections conducted in this paper prove, however, that it is not merely a fact of utilizing institutional “loopholes”, but rather, an evident intention of political dynasties to dominate the political arena. As argued in this paper, political dynasties behave like political parties in the sense that political dynasties also have vote-seeking and office-seeking tendencies. As opposed to political parties, however, political dynasties treat policy-influence as a means to achieving office and electoral success rather than an objective in itself. The quantitative tests in this paper prove that dynastic term duration and policy adherence to the dynastic objectives have significant effects on a candidate’s chances of electoral success. Likewise, data reflects that incumbent dynastic members and dynastic term duration significantly affects the rank of a candidate in the national senatorial elections. It is also apparent in this study that dynasties are mainly concentrated in the local government.

Political dynasties in the Philippines: Persistent patterns, perennial problems

The results of the 2013 Philippine mid-term elections highlighted the dominance of political dynasties in the country. With all 80 provinces littered with political families, 74 percent of the elected members of the House of Representatives came from such dynastic groups. Despite overwhelming recognition that political dynasties breed patronage politics and corruption, no substantial steps have been undertaken to address this issue. This article examines the general nature of Philippine political dynasties, the reasons for their continuing existence and their adverse impact on the country. This problem emanates basically from three factors: (1) the political and socioeconomic foundations upon which political dynasties are built; 2) the inability to effectively implement Philippine constitutional provisions by enacting an enabling law; and 3) the weakness of potential countervailing forces that would challenge political dynasties.