Phenolic profile by HPLC-ESI-MS/MS of six Brazilian Eugenia species and their potential as cholinesterase inhibitors (original) (raw)
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Assessment of anti-cholinesterase activity and cytotoxicity of cagaita (Eugenia dysenterica) leaves
Food and chemical toxicology : an international journal published for the British Industrial Biological Research Association, 2017
Eugenia dysenterica ex DC Mart. (Myrtaceae) is a Brazilian tree with pharmacological and biological properties. The aqueous leaf extract, rich in polyphenols, was tested in the human neuroblastoma cell line SHSY5Y to evaluate its effect on cell viability. The extract and two isolated compounds were also assessed for the potential inhibitory activity on acetylcholinesterase, an enzyme related to Alzheimer's disease. A simple chromatographic method using Sephadex LH-20 was developed to separate catechin and quercetin from the aqueous leaf extract of E. dysenterica. Identification was carried out by spectroscopic techniques IR, UV, and 1H and 13C NMR. The IC50 values were obtained by constructing dose-response curves on a graph with percentage inhibition versus log of inhibitor concentration and compared with physostigmine, a well-known AChE inhibitor. The extract was toxic for SHSY5Y cells at concentrations higher than 7.8 μg/ml given for 24 h. The decline in SH-SY5Y cell viabilit...
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The State’s Cocó Park in the city of Fortaleza-CE present mainly a mangrove flora and include landscape and medicinal plants. The aim of this study is determining the total phenol content, antioxidant activity against the free radical DPPH and the inhibition of the enzyme acetylcholinesterase (AChE) in ethanolic extracts of 30 medicinal plants and thus assess which plants have potential against Alzheimer's Disease. The plants rich in phenolic compounds with amounts ranging from 297.46 ± 26.94 to 599.30 ± 17.08 mg GAE/g plant extract, which showed greater antioxidant activities (with IC50 against DPPH radical from 3.44 ± 0.16 to 3.73 ± 0.12 µg mL-1) and higher acetylcholinesterase inhibiting power (IC50 < 20 μg mL-1) were Anacardium occidentale, Ceiba pentandraLaguncularia racemosa, Mangifera indica, Myracrodrum urundeuva and Terminalia catappa. Then, these species and their constituents are recommended for more specific studies related to Alzheimer´s Disease.
LATIN AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACY
The chemical composition of the essential oils from leaves and stems of Eugenia sulcata Spring ex Mart., obtained by hydrodistillation, was analyzed by GC-MS and quantified by CG-FID. In all, 37 components were identified and sesquiterpenes represented the largest fraction of both oils, in the leaves (58.2 %) and stems (85.3 %). The major constituent found in the essential oil from leaves and stems of E. sulcata was β-caryophyllene, corresponding to 24.6 % and 18.8 %, respectively. The substances αcubebene (1.1 %), β-copaene (0.5 %), cis-muurola-3,5-diene (0.6 %), cis-muurola-4(14),5-diene (1.3 %), γhimachalene (2.0 %), epizonarene (0.8 %), trans-calamenene (4.4 %) and trans-cadina-1,4-diene (3.4 %) were identified for the first time as chemical constituents of essential oil from leaves of E. sulcata. To our knowledge, this was the first phytochemical contribution to the essential oil from stems of E. sulcata. It was also performed the acetylcholinesterase inhibitory bioassay of the...
EVALUATION OF CHEMICAL COMPOSITION AND IN VITRO ANTICHOLINESTERASIC ACTIVITY OF ESSENTIAL OILS FROM HYMENAEA CANGACEIRA AND EUGENIA GRACILLIMA (Atena Editora), 2022
Plants have been manipulated for therapeutic purposes with the aim of preventing, treating and curing pathologies. Inhibition of cholinesterases contributes to increased bioavailability of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine in the synaptic cleft. The therapy for Alzheimer's disease (AD) consists of inhibiting cholinesterases, and natural products are rich sources of these inhibitors. This study aimed to evaluate the chemical composition and in vitro anticholinesterase activity of essential oils from Hymenaea cangaceira (OEHc) and Eugenia gracilima (OEEg). The essential oils were obtained by hydrodistillation and evaluated for composition in a gas chromatograph, coupled to a mass spectrometer (GC-MS) and flame ionization detector (GC-DIC). Cholinesterase inhibition was performed in in vitro colorimetric assays, using acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE), the results being expressed in µg/mL of the concentration required for IC50. Neostigmine was used as a reference standard. The OEHc presented 15 compounds and the OEEg 42 compounds. In the evaluation of AChE inhibition, the OEHc presented an IC50 of 0.015µg/mL, being statistically lower than the OEEg (IC50 of 18.30µg/mL). The OEHc against the BChE enzyme presented an IC50 of 0.041µg/mL, being lower than the OEEg, which obtained an IC50 of 8.67µg/mL. OEHc obtained greater inhibitory activity on AChE and BChE when compared to OEEg. The results suggest that OEHc has potential for use in the clinical treatment of neurodegenerative diseases, since it decreases AChE and BChE activity in vitro.
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Eugenia pruniformis Cambess. is an endemic species from Brazilian Atlantic Forest. Essential oils from leaves and fruits from this species were obtained by hydrodistillation and analyzed by GC-MS/CG-FID. In all, 25 compounds were identified, with predominance of sesquiterpene hydrocarbons in both plant parts. The major compounds were β-caryophyllene, bicyclogermacrene, germacrene D, δcadinene and α-copaene. Antioxidant activity was performed for essential oil from leaves using ORAC method, showing value of 0.30 ± 0.06 mmol TE/g. Anticholinesterasic evaluation was also performed for this oil, indicating that it inhibited acetylcholinesterase, showing an IC50 of 1798 μg/mL. These results indicate that this essential oil may be considered as a potential source of substances for Alzheimer's disease Treatment. To our knowledge, these are the first contributions to biological and phytochemical characterization of E. pruniformis, an almost unexplored species from Brazilian Atlantic Forest.
Journal of Food Biochemistry, 2018
Quassia undulata (QU) and Senecio abyssinicus (SA) leaves are known in folklore in the management of cognitive disorder in Nigeria. However, there is dearth of information about their mechanism of actions. In this study, the effect of QU and SA aqueous extracts on acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butrylcholinesteras (BChE) activities were determined as well as their antioxidant capacity and phenolic constituents. The result showed that both extracts inhibited AChE and BChE activities and also exhibited antioxidant effect, however, extract from SA had the highest effect compared to that of QU. HPLC analysis revealed the presence of gallic, ellagic, caffeic, quercetin, rutin, and catechin. The inhibition of AChE and BChE activities, and antioxidant capacity of QU and SA could be among the mechanism of actions regarding their use in folklore for the management of cognitive dysfunction. These could therefore be linked to their richness in phenolic compounds, as SA extract exhibited higher effects. Practical applications Many plants have been used traditionally in the treatment of various disorders owing to their bioactivity. The outcome of this research provides biochemical information to the folkloric use of Quassia undulate and Senecio abyssinicus in the management of neurodegenerative disorder, and also to the pharmacologist with an option to synthesize drugs with little or no side effects.
Anticholinesterase activities from aqueous extract of different plant parts of Erica manipuliflora
International Journal of Secondary Metabolite, 2017
Erica species are generally spread along the coasts of Turkey. There are five Erica species in these regions, namely; E. arborea, E. manipuliflora, E, bocquetii, E. sicula subsp. Libanotica and E. spiculifolia salisb. Among these species, E. manipuliflora is commonly found in Muğla and southwest part of Turkey. Erica species are called as "funda", "püren" or "tree heath" locally in Turkey and contain biologically active compounds such as flavonoids, coumarins and triterpenoids. Since ancient times, these species have been used as herbal tea and folk medicine by local people in Turkey. In folk medicine, they are used for diuretic, antiseptic and anti-inflammatory purposes. Inhibition of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) is useful for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. In this study anticholinesterase activity of aqueous extracts of leaves, flowers and aerial parts of E. manipuliflora have been investigated spectrophotometrically. The aerial parts extract of E. manipuliflora among the extracts (70.10%) showed the best inhibitory activity against AChE enzyme at 200 µg/mL concentrations. The extracts of leaves and flowers showed 44.42%, 49.91% inhibitions against acetylcholinesterase enzyme at 200 µg/mL concentrations respectively.The flowers extract of E. manipuliflora (80.41%) exhibited the best BChE inhibitory activity at 200 µg/mL concentrations. At the same concentration, the galantamine showed 82.23% inhibitory activity. Leaves and aerial parts extracts showed 15,75%, 31.62% inhibitory activity against BChE respectively. Hence, aerial parts of E. manipuliflora may be useful as a moderate anticholinesterase agent, and flowers of E. manipuliflora may be useful as the butyrylcholinesterase agent.
Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine
Many Bangladeshi medicinal plants have been used to treat Alzheimer’s disease and other neurodegenerative diseases. In the present study, the anticholinesterase effects of eight selected Bangladeshi medicinal plant species were investigated. Species were selected based on the traditional uses against CNS-related diseases. Extracts were prepared using a gentle cold extraction method. In vitro cholinesterase inhibitory effects were measured by Ellman’s method in 96-well microplates. Blumea lacera (Compositae) and Cyclea barbata (Menispermaceae) were found to have the highest acetylcholinesterase inhibitory (IC50, 150 ± 11 and 176 ± 14 µg/mL, respectively) and butyrylcholinesterase inhibitory effect (IC50, 297 ± 13 and 124 ± 2 µg/mL, respectively). Cyclea barbata demonstrated competitive inhibition, where Blumea lacera showed an uncompetitive inhibition mode for acetylcholinesterase. Smilax guianensis (Smilacaceae) and Byttneria pilosa (Malvaceae) were also found to show moderate AChE ...
Revista Brasileira de Farmacognosia, 2017
Eugenia brasiliensis Lam., Myrtaceae, is used in folk medicine for anti-inflammatory diseases such as arthritis and rheumatism. This study investigated the anti-inflammatory activity and phenolic profile of the crude hydroalcoholic extract and ethyl acetate fraction from E. brasiliensis leaves. Crude hydroalcoholic extract and the ethyl acetate fraction were analyzed by HPLC-ESI-MS/MS in comparison to standard phenolic compounds. The anti-inflammatory activity of the crude hydroalcoholic extract (1, 10 and 25 mg kg −1) and the ethyl acetate fraction (10, 25 and 50 mg kg −1) was evaluated in a swiss mouse model of acute pleurisy induced by carrageenan, being the total cell count, exudation and analysis of nitrite/nitrate the inflammation parameters. HPLC-ESI-MS/MS analysis revealed apigenin, catechin, galangin, isoquercetin, myricetin, quercetin and rutin. Crude hydroalcoholic extract and ethyl acetate fraction were effective in inhibiting cell migration in all tested doses. Crude hydroalcoholic extract was effective in inhibiting exudation only at the 10 mg kg −1 dose; ethyl acetate fraction was effective in all tested doses. Results for nitrite/nitrate levels reveals that only the ethyl acetate fraction was effective at the tested doses. This is the first report of the presence of isoquercetin, galangin and apigenin in this species. Results from the phytochemical analysis enhance the chemical knowledge of this species. In the future, together with more studies, validation of its popular use in inflammatory diseases is possible.