Evolution, Current Status and Prospects of Phyto-Repellents against Mosquitoes (original) (raw)
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Effective mosquito repellent from plant based formulation
International Journal of Mosquito Research, 2018
All over the developing countries in the tropical region mosquito menace has been very acute leading to many diseases. Many chemicals have been used for the purpose of Mosquito repellency or killing, however they are extremely harmful for human beings as well. Recently, commercial repellent products containing plant-based ingredients have gained increasing popularity among consumers, as these are commonly perceived as “safe” in comparison to long-established synthetic repellents. Our paper describes Plant-based repellents for mosquitoes for personal protection measures. Based on the knowledge on traditional repellent plants obtained through ethnobotanical studies, development of new natural products is the need of the hour. The product developed that offers high repellency as well as good consumer safety. Thus this plant-based repellent made from 5 plant leaves has promising results in the field study.
Technical Approach to Prepare Mosquito Repellents Using Different Natural Plants Extracts
2018
Background: WHO has declared that the mosquito as 'public enemy number one'. The traditional Hindu system of medicine that is 'Ayurveda' stresses the use of plant-based medicines, treatments and preventions. Objectives: The present study is a based on some plant extracts, which can be used for preparation of mosquito repellents. There are many hazardous effects of synthetic repellents are seen on our health. This work is particularly focused to create such repellents which contain only natural substances and have no hazardous side effects on the human health. Methods: The leaf extracts of Neem (Azadirachta indica), Tulsi (Ocimum sanctum), Rui (Calotropis gigantea), Durva grass (Cynodon dactylon), Ashoka (Saraca asoca) and additional to this Cow urine & cow dung, Neem oil, distilled water, wax and Whatmann filter paper-1 were used. By using these all, dhoop stick, extract cards etc. were prepared and their antimosquito activity and antibacterial activities are also studied. Results: The natural repellents prepared by using given methodology have satisfactory anti mosquito as well as antimicrobial potential. Conclusion: The study revealed that these mosquito repellents have no side effect on human health. Beside this, these repellents are very cheap and can be easily prepared by common man.
2017
Every step taken to control the mosquitoes has a cumulative effect and contributes immensely to control mosquito borne diseases. The eggs developing within the female mosquito need human blood for nourishment and so the female mosquito bites humans. Protection of humans against mosquito bite by using bed nets and mosquito repellent. By preventing water logging and destroying unwanted water collections sources of egg laying can be denied and breeding of mosquitoes can be prevented. Most of insecticides have effects on the human beings as well as the environment and other life forms. The real benefits of botanical insecticides can be best realized in developing countries, where people may not be able to afford synthetic insecticides, and the traditional use of plants and plant derivatives for protection of mosquitoes is long established. Recently, attention has been paid to use user & environment friendly new generation botanical mosquitocide formulations for protection against mosquitoes.
Review of Herbal mosquito repellent
2022
Mosquito is a deadliest pest known to man. Prevention of mosquito bites is one of the best intervention methods to reduce disease. Various mosquito repellents are used in day to day lives which are synthetic and continue use of these repellents can cause health hazards and environment hazards. From ancient times various plants are used in form of repellents, fumigants and insecticidal agents. Most of the plants contain phytochemicals which they use as repellent in preventing attacks from various insects. The current paper summarizes research aimed at developing safe and effective herbal insect repellent compositions. In ancient times orange seeds and peel powder were used as insecticide. The dried peels of most citrus fruits have been used in various ways in controlling pest. Orange oil extracted from peels of orange can be used as repellent. It consists majorly Limonene a monoterpene which gives orange oil a peculiar odor and taste which shows repellent properties. Linalool which has perfumery property also shows repellent properties against insects which is widely used as flavoring agent and in production of perfumes. It has been also used in both topical preparations and combustible products as. It can be used instead of synthetic repellent as it has beneficial uses for humans in concern of health and low risk of side effects. Our study aims at investigating the repellent activity of phytochemical extracts (orange oil) from orange peels.
A Review On Herbal Mosquito Repellent
International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2024
Nowadays Majority of the disease or infection like malaria, dengue etc. caused by the different types of mosquitoes mainly female Anopheles mosquito to prevent these infection or diseases there are multiple synthetic pesticides are used in market. The various pesticides used as a mosquito repellent containing hazardous chemicals that causes the various health problems in humans and other living creatures, that pesticides also cause the environmental pollution by considering these facts we are here with mosquito repellent without hazardous chemicals known as HERBAL MOSQUITO REPELLENT. As the herb are easily accessible in our society, it is very beneficial to use these Holly herbs in mosquito repellent formulations The herbs are the core substance in our formulations ,there are different active constituents such as alkaloids ,fixed oils, essential oil, resins flavonoids ,phenols etc. . Which is present in specific parts of herbs as it is extracted by various methods like steam distillation, pressing techniques, solvent evaporation etc. The current paper summarizes research with aimed of developing the safe and effective herbal mosquito repellents. Our study aims at the investigating the herbs which has mosquito repellent activity but they do not cause the health hazard, environmental hazard and pollution, those herbs which have Mosquito repellent activity which are used in specific proportion depending on their mosquito repellent activity in herbal mosquito repellent formulation and formulations have been developed.
Review on insecticidal and repellent activity of plant products for malaria mosquito control
Biomedical Research and Reviews
Mosquitoes are well known for their public health importance since they cause major health problems and diseases including malaria. Use of chemical insecticides in controlling malaria and to prevent disease vectored by mosquito has resulted in problems related to the adverse environmental effects for insecticides potential toxicity, high operational cost, community acceptance, and the development of insecticide resistance among the vectors. The factors mentioned above prompted the search for new means of malaria control strategies. Currently, the secondary metabolites of plants (plant extracts and essential oils) of mosquitocidal potential are recognized as potent alternatives to replace the synthetic insecticides in mosquito control programs due to their larvicidal, adulticidal, and repellent properties. In addition, mosquitocides from plant origin can contribute effective, inexpensive and safe method for malaria vector control. This review also showed that the use of indigenous plant-based products by individual and communities can provide as a prophylactic measure for protection against various mosquito-borne diseases. Therefore, plant products utilized as mosquitocides and repellents can serve as a supplementary and/or alternative control measure in combination with the ongoing anti-vector interventions and can also provide a useful tool to promote localized control of persistent malaria.
Herbal Insecticides, Repellents and Biomedicines: Effectiveness and Commercialization
Springer eBooks, 2016
Mosquitoes act as vectors for many life-threatening diseases like malaria, yellow fever, dengue fever, chikungunya, filariasis, encephalitis, West Nile virus infection, etc. Vector control is by far the most successful method for reducing the incidence of mosquito-borne diseases, but the emergence of widespread insecticide resistance and the potential environmental issues associated with some synthetic insecticides has indicated that additional approaches to control the proliferation of mosquito population would be an urgent priority research. Mosquitoes develop genetic resistance to synthetic insecticides and even to biopesticide such as Bacillus sphaericus. Also synthetic insecticides adversely affect the environment by contaminating air, water, and soil. There is an urgent need to find alternatives to the synthetic insecticides which are more potent and low cost. Plants are a rich source of alternative agents for control of mosquitoes, because they possess bioactive chemicals, which act against a limited number of species including specific target insects and are eco-friendly. Traditionally, plant-based products have been used in human communities for many centuries for managing insects. Several secondary metabolites present in plants serve as a defense mechanism against insect attacks. These bioactive chemicals may act as insecticides, antifeedants, molting hormones, oviposition deterrents, repellents, juvenile hormone mimics, growth inhibitors, antimolting hormones, as well as attractants. Plant-based pesticides are less toxic, and there is a delay in the development of resistance because of their new structure and easy biodegradability. In present article, the local and traditional uses of plants in mosquito control, current state of knowledge on phytochemical sources, and the mosquitocidal properties of secondary metabolites have been reviewed.
Development and Evaluation of Low-Cost Herbal Based Mosquito Repellent Spray
Journal of Xidian University, 2023
Herb-based insect repellents protect people against harmful mosquitoes and infectious vectors. Both chemical and herbal mosquito repellents have evolved as a result of the rise in diseases that are spread by them. The majority of people use chemical insect repellent to avoid harmful mosquitoes. Herbal repellent, which is non-toxic and eco-friendly, developed since chemical-based repellents cause skin irritation, toxicity, and inflammatory. The goal of our research is to develop a mosquito repellent with an herbal base. This article focuses on the viability of traditional mosquito repellent and examines future perspectives. Using cinnamon, citronella, and camphor extract as a solvent, a biodegradable and biocompatible herbal insect repellent is been prepared. SEM, FTIR, UV spectrometry, pH, and stability tests were used to analyse the repellent's morphological structure, functional groups, crystalline structure, and spectrum studies. Thus, our study preliminarily concludes that cinnamon, citronella and camphor incorporated herbal repellent could be an ideal herbal repellent for mosquito. However, further research is needed to confirm the use of synthesized repellent for insect and mosquito.
Plant-based insect repellents: a review of their efficacy, development and testing
Plant-based repellents have been used for generations in traditional practice as a personal protection measure against host-seeking mosquitoes. Knowledge on traditional repellent plants obtained through ethnobotanical studies is a valuable resource for the development of new natural products. Recently, commercial repellent products containing plant-based ingredients have gained increasing popularity among consumers, as these are commonly perceived as "safe" in comparison to long-established synthetic repellents although this is sometimes a misconception. To date insufficient studies have followed standard WHO Pesticide Evaluation Scheme guidelines for repellent testing. There is a need for further standardized studies in order to better evaluate repellent compounds and develop new products that offer high repellency as well as good consumer safety. This paper presents a summary of recent information on testing, efficacy and safety of plant-based repellents as well as promising new developments in the field.
Development of Poly Herbal Mosquito Repellent
In order to obtain safe and effective herbal mosquito repellent formulations by combining selected plant materials, the present study was conducted to establish the mosquito repellent efficacy of some selected plant materials. Essential oils of Origanum majorana (Marua/Marwa), Tanacetum cinerarifolium (Pyrethrum), Juniperus communis (Aiteal), Scented geranium (Pelargonium), Thuja occidentalis L. (Arbor Vitae, White Cedor/Yellow Cedor), Tecoma stans (L.) Juss. Ex Kunth (Piliya/ Pila Kaner/ Yellow Bells, Artenmisia arborescent (Worm Wood/Mugworts, and Calamintha acinos (Thyme Basil) were Purchased from a reliable source. Essential oil containing ethanol solutions was prepared by 10 percent (V/V percent) of each essential oil plant and testing of mosquito repellent behavior was performed using arm-in-cage process. Volunteer's forearm, rubbed with 1ml of the test solution, was exposed to the cage where 25 blood-seeking mosquitoes were put and the amount of mosquitoes aligning or biting the arm in each minute was registered for five minutes each. Three replicates were performed for each essential oil that contained ethanol solutions. A 16 percent (V/V percent) mosquito repellent formulation after analyzing the mosquito repellent activity of individual essential oils. Outdoor and indoor field trials were performed around 5p.m. And 10:00p.m. After two days the mosquito repellent formulation is applied to the volunteer legs. This formulation demonstrated 100 percent repellence of mosquitoes in outdoor and indoor field studies that were performed for 5 hours each day for two days. The gel showed 97 percent mosquito repellence in outdoor and indoor field trials that were conducted for two days for six hours each day.