Effect of the nature of the energy source (barley or triticale) on the production, milk quality and fatty acid profil of Sicilo-Sarde dairy ewe’s in the milking period (original) (raw)
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The objective of this study was to compare the quality of milk produced from Tunisian Holstein cows and Sicilo-Sarde ewes during their milking period. The experience concerned 80 Holstein (means age 5.2 years; mean weight = 530 kg) and 54 of Sicilo-Sarde ewes (mean age = 6 years; mean weight = 45 kg). The milk samples was taken from the morning and the afternoon milking and added with potassium dichromate. Refrigerated samples were used to determine milk content in fat (MG) and protein (MP) using Milkoscan 4000 after 24 hours of conservation for both cows and ewes. ANOVA was carried using SAS software (version 1997). The results showed that for cows the mean rate of fat (MG) and protein (MP) was respectively 3.3 ± 0.5 % and 3.4 ± 0.5 %. However, for ewe MG and MP were respectively 7.3 ± 0.7 % and 6.3 ± 1.1 %. We found also that the milk component in MG and MP cow’s varied during the milking period (p <0.05) compared to the milk ewe’s which present only a variation in MG component during the milking period (p <0.05). Besides, the total milk production for ewes was affected by the sex of foetus and the rank of milking (p <0.05). We conclude that the milk quality of Tunisian Sicilo-Sarde ewe contains rates of fat and protein greater than those in Tunisian Holstein cows. The chemical quality of the two kinds of milks is also affected by the stage of lactation. Moreover, milk ewe production is also affected by the sex of fœtus and the rank of milking.
Animals, 2021
Dairy sheep farming is a vital sector of the agricultural economy in Greece. Information on the effect of the farming system on sheep milk characteristics is critical for producing dairy products with improved nutritional value according to the current guidelines for healthy food consumption. This study aimed to investigate the basic composition, physicochemical characteristics, fatty acid composition, and nutritional indices of milk produced in intensive and semi-intensive sheep farms. Bulk tank milk samples from 20 intensive and 20 semi-intensive sheep farms were examined. Sheep in the intensive farms were kept indoors and were fed with roughage, silage, and concentrates. Sheep in the semi-intensive farms were kept indoors during the night and were moved to the pastures during the day. Sheep were fed with roughage, silage, and concentrates in combination with grazing. Milk composition and somatic cell count were determined with automatic analyzers. The physicochemical characterist...
Quality improvement of Slovak ewe milk based on the content of health affecting fatty acid compounds
The content of 70 C4-C24 fatty acids (FA) in bulk milk samples of dairy ewes at 4 farms during pasture season and at one farm during winter season was determined by gas chromatography. The FA content in milk fat of grazed ewes was higher up to 4-fold for rumenic acid (CLA), 3-fold for trans-vaccenic acid (TVA) and 2-fold for α-linolenic acid (ALA) compared to that during winter diet. The content of CLA (3.5 %) and TVA (7.9 %) in milk fat of grazed ewes from Tajov farm was higher than that in milk of pasture grazed ewes or cows published previously. Nevertheless, the farm at Trenčianska Teplá because of lower altitude and corresponding climatic conditions in summer showed temporal variation up to 50 % lower content of CLA and TVA. The variations in CLA content during pasture season are primarily related to the seasonal changes of ALA content in pasture plants. These findings suggest that further development of ewes´ milk production should be situated in the northern part of Slovakia at higher altitudes thus providing better quality pastures and more consistent FA composition of ewe milk products with a high content of health affecting FA compounds. Ewe individuality is another important factor significantly affecting the FA milk fat content and also milk yield whereas the ewes´ breed and parity had only little effect. The effect of individuality, breeds and parity of grazed ewes based on FA content was investigated in herd of 148 Tsigai, 124 Improved Valachian and 56 Lacaune ewes grazing pasture and milk samples of individual ewes were taken on the same day. The CLA milk fat content varied up to 5-fold and milk yield up to 12-fold among individual ewes. An inverse relation between the milk yield and CLA content was observed which was not significant though. The ewes with a higher CLA milk fat content and a corresponding higher milk yield were considered in ewe selection for improving milk quality based on the content of health affecting FA compounds. Upon eliminating the data for 25 % ewes with a lower CLA milk fat content and lower milk yield the average CLA milk fat content increased by 10 % while keeping the milk yield.
The fat and protein content of the sheep milk under different conditions
In Hungary the Hungarian Combing Merino has been and still is the most common sheep breed. In order to increase the milk production traits, especially the milk components, several crossings were made. In an experiment lasting three years the fat, protein and dry matter contents of the milk produced by ewes belonging to different genotypes: Merino, (Merino x East-Friesian) F1, (Merino x Langhe) F1, (Merino x Sarda) F1, (Merino x Pleven) F1 and (Merino x Awassi) F1 were studied. The test milkings of the ewes were carried out fortnightly, twice a day. From the study the following conclusions could be drawn: (i) the East-Friesian F1 ewes produced the largest amount of fat, protein and dry matter in their milk; followed by Langhe F1, Sarda F1, Pleven F1, Awassi F1 and Merinos in the ranking; (ii) the improvement in conditions gave an increased yield of the studied traits; and (iii) the pre-selection of Merinos on the basis of milk production should be made prior to the start of crossbree...
Brief update on research in nutrition of dairy sheep
Dairy sheep may take advantages from all aspects of research conducted in the field of animal science and biology. There are, however, laboratories that specifically work in that field and have a direct objective of improvement of dairy sheep breeding. In the field of nutrition, an important body of work has been done in a collaborative EEC project involving France (INRA ; , Spain (UA-Barcelona), and Italy (IZCS-Sardegna). Agricultural EEC policy is oriented toward research that may improve the sustainability of a Mediterranean dairy sheep population of more than 70 million ewes.
Bulletin of University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca. Animal Science and Biotechnologies, 2009
The primary obiective of this trial was to evaluate the effect of energy and protein content in the diet on the FA profile of milk fat from ewes, especially polyunsaturated fatty acids Omega 3 (C18:3, EPA, C22:3, C22:5 and DHA) and CLA (conjugated linoleic acid C18:2 n-9c, 11t ). A secondary obiective was to effect with different level energy and protein on diet of caracteristics fermentation ruminal, yield and quality of sheep milk. Consequently, experimental diets were constituted by a 2 x 2 factorial arrangement of energy level in diets (Low – 0,90 UFL/kg DM vs. High – 0,97 UFL/kg DM) and protein level (Low – 14% CP vs. High – 16% CP). On a dry matter (DM) basis, forage: concentrate ratios were 73 : 27 (low energy diets) and 57 : 43 (high energy diets). Increased levels of protein and energy of diet in lactating sheep, influenced positively the quantitative and qualitative production of milk and, in particular, the profile of fatty acids. Nutritional quality of sheep milk has bee...
Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition, 2015
The study tested the hypothesis that certain pastoral forages and olive by-products, available in arid areas, may positively influence fatty acid composition and physicochemical properties of goat's milk. Thirty indigenous goats (body weight = 25.2 kg; age = 4.1 years) were allocated to three groups. During 60 days, the goats received ad libitum either dried olive leaves + Stipa tenacissima (group OL), khortane grass hay (group Ko) or oat hay (control diet, group OH). Milk samples were collected and analysed for total solids, fat, protein, lactose and ash content and fatty acid profile. Average milk yield did not statistically differ among groups. Milk total solids from OL group were higher in comparison with Ko and C groups (15.3, 14.7 and 14.5%, respectively; p < 0.05). Fat content was also higher for the OL group as compared to the other groups (5.44 vs. 5.01 and 4.66%, respectively, for Ko and OH). No significant differences were observed for the milk content of lactose, protein and ash. The percentage of saturated fatty acids of total milk fat was higher in OL and Ko groups compared to the C group (p < 0.001); the milk whereof was characterized by the highest percentage of monounsaturated (p < 0.01) and total unsaturated fatty acids. Milk fat of Ko and C groups showed significantly higher proportions of rumenic (CLA cis-9 trans-11) and vaccenic acids (C18:1 trans-11) compared to OL milk. The feeding system based on Stipa tenacissima and dried olive leaves resulted in the milk lowest proportion of trans-fatty acids and the highest proportion of polyunsaturated x3-fatty acids (p < 0.05).
Journal of Dairy Research, 2011
Feeding agro-industrial by-products and unconventional forages, rich in potentially anti-nutritional factors, may influence the quality of the raw milk and the dairy products prepared therefrom. The aim of the present study was to determine side-effects on physicochemical properties of milk, yoghurt and cheese of feeding diets where one third were feeds either rich in lipids (tomato pomace and olive cake) or phenols (olive leaves and lentil straw) or electrolytes (Atriplex leaves). The diets, including a control diet, were designed to be isoenergetic and isonitrogenous. They were fed in amounts of 2 5 kg dry matter/day per head during 50 days to 6×10 multiparous fat-tailed Awassi ewes. Milk samples were analysed for various physicochemical traits and fatty acid composition on days 0, 24, 36 and 48. Three times, milk pooled by group was processed to yoghurt and non-aged farmer-type cheese, which were analysed for their gross and fatty acid composition and texture, and were subjected ...
The chemical composition and fatty acid profile in milk of Polish Mountain Sheep and Polish Merino
2011
The chemical composition and fatty acid profi le in milk of Polish Mountain Sheep and Polish Merino. The chemical composition and fatty acid profi le of milk of Polish Mountain Sheep (PMS) and Polish Merino (PM) were investigated. The study was carried out on 20 suckling PMS ewes from the fl ock of Podhale region and on 20 PM ewes from the fl ock located in central part of Poland. The animals were fed winter diet. The milk samples have been collected from ewes at the age of 3–4 years and in the 4th week of lactation. Milk chemical composition of PMS and PM ewes was similar. The differences in fatty acids profi le in both tested breeds have been observed. In milk of PMS the portion of medium chain fatty acids (MCFA) was higher (P ≤ 0.01) than PM ewes. In the group of long chain fatty acids (LCFA), the C18:0, C18:1 c7 (P ≤ 0.01), C18:1 c9 (P ≤ 0.05) content was higher for PM, but C18:3, C20:4, C20:3, C20:5 and C22:5 portion (P ≤ 0.01) was greater for PMS. The milk of Polish Mountain S...
Factors affecting the milk yield and composition of Rahmani and Chios sheep
Milk production and milk constituents were studied in 74 ewes of two purebred groups, Rahmani and Chios at the Experimental Animal Farm, Faculty of Agriculture, Al-Azhar University, Assiut, Egypt. Milk yield was recorded at weekly interval starting from the second week of lambing till the 15th week using lamb-suckling technique plus hand milking. Milk samples were collected for chemical analysis during early lactation (1st month), mid lactation (2th month), and late lactation (3nd month) and pooled into one sample per ewe. Breed of ewe had an effect (P<0.01) on total and average daily milk yield and length of lactation. Chios ewes had the highest lactation (87.99 kg in 101.3 day) than Rahmani ewes (53.15 kg in 92.62 day). Ewes rearing twins produced more milk than those suckling singles and the differences were significant (P<0.01). Lambing season had a significant (P<0.01) effect on average daily milk yield (P<0.05) on total milk yield and lactation length. The effect of age of ewe within breed was non-significant on average daily milk yield, total milk yield and lactation length, although ewes aged 4 to 5 years showed relatively higher milk yields than younger or older ewes. Rahmani and Chios ewes reached a maximum yield at the 5th week of lactation. Milk fat, solids not fat (SNF) and milk energy were significantly (P<0.01) influenced by breed of ewes, while total solids (TS), protein, ash and acidity not influenced by breed. Ewes lambed in February to March had significantly higher (P<0.01) TS, pH and (P<0.05) SNF and significantly lower protein than ewes lambed in October to November season. Age of ewe had a significant effect on fat percentage followed by milk energy, while no significant differences in percentages of TS, SNF, protein, acidity, pH and ash were observed. It is concluded that Chios ewes in Egypt have an important potential for milk production and possibility of improving milk production of the Rahmani ewes through selection program or crossing with Chios sheep.