Pain coping, pain acceptance and analgesic use as predictors of health-related quality of life among women with primary dysmenorrhea (original) (raw)
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Relationship Between Menstrual Pain and Quality of Life
Current Trends in Natural Sciences, 2023
Menstrual pain is a common socially significant problem that leads to discomfort and absence from work, with a negative impact on health status, improvement of life, and personal and public finances. The review of the scientific literature aimed at the concepts in world research related to menstrual pain and its impact on a better life. The current study aimed to investigate the relationship between menstrual pain and quality of life. The study contingent is physically active women of reproductive age. 125 physically active female students at the Vasil Levski National Sports Academy, Sofia, Bulgaria, were studied. The contingent was characterized by age, duration of bleeding in days, amount of menstruation, degree of menstrual pain, and self-assessment of the effect of menstrual pain on workability. We use the Brunnsviken Brief Quality of Life scale (BBQ) in the study. A study conducted by us demonstrated a high prevalence of dysmenorrhea among young women. We consider it necessary to compile and approve a PROGRAM of physical exercises for personal and professional use by women with menstrual pain and specialists. Any effort in this direction will have an indirect benefit for personal and public finances, by preserving the working capacity of the women concerned.
Reduced quality of life when experiencing menstrual pain in women with primary dysmenorrhea
Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica, 2013
Primary dysmenorrhea is the most common gynecological condition among women of reproductive age. Although dysmenorrhea has been reported to affect the ability of women to carry out daily activities, the impact of primary dysmenorrheic pain specifically on quality of life (QoL), has yet to be elucidated. We investigated whether QoL varies between women with and without severe primary dysmenorrhea, and whether QoL is impaired only during menstruation or also during pain-free phases of the menstrual cycle. Twelve women with severe primary dysmenorrhea and nine control women completed the quality of life enjoyment and satisfaction questionnaire (Q-LES-Q-SF) during menstruation and during the late follicular phase. Women with dysmenorrhea had a significant reduction in Q-LES-Q-SF scores (mean AE SD: 54 AE 18%, percentage of the total maximum possible score) when they were experiencing severe menstrual pain compared with their own pain-free follicular phase (80 AE 14%, p < 0.0001) and compared with controls during menstruation (81 AE 10%, p < 0.0001). They also rated their overall life satisfaction and contentment as poorer during menstruation. Severe menstrual pain associated with primary dysmenorrhea, therefore, impacts health-related of QoL.
A meta-analytic review of pain perception across the menstrual cycle
Pain, 1999
The purpose of this article is to review the sixteen published studies that examine associations between the perception of experimentally induced pain across menstrual cycle phases of healthy females. We also performed a meta-analysis to quantitatively analyze the data and attempt to draw conclusions. The results suggest that there are relatively consistent patterns in the sensitivity to painful stimulation. These patterns are similar across stimulus modality with the exception of electrical stimulation. The magnitude of the effect was approximately 0.40 across all stimulation. For pressure stimulation, cold pressor pain, thermal heat stimulation, and ischemic muscle pain, a clear pattern emerges with the follicular phase demonstrating higher thresholds than later phases. When the effect size was pooled across studies (excluding electrical) comparisons involving the follicular phase were small to moderate (periovulatory phase, d thr = 0.34; luteal phase, d thr = 0.37; premenstrual phase, d thr = 0.48). The pattern of effects was similar for tolerance measures. Electrical stimulation was different than the other stimulus modalities, showing the highest thresholds for the luteal phase. When the effect size was pooled across studies for electrical stimulation, effect sizes were small to moderate (menstrual (d thr = −0.37), follicular d thr = −0.30) periovulatory d thr = −0.61), and premenstrual d thr = 0.35) phases. This paper raises several important questions, which are yet to be answered. How much and in wha way does this menstrual cycle effect bias studies of female subjects participating in clinical trials? Furthermore, how should studies of clinical pain samples control for menstrual related differences in pain ratings and do they exist in clinical pain syndromes? What this paper does suggest is that the menstrual cycle effect on human pain perception is too large to ignore.
Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 1989
It has been proposed that dysmenorrheic women have a heightened pain sensitivity compared to nondysmenorrheic women, although previous studies investigating this hypothesis have yielded conflicting results. This study investigated the pain sensitivity of nondysmenorrheic women and of women suffering from spasmodic, congestive, and combined dysmenorrhea, across three phases of the menstrual cycle." premenstrual, menstrual, and intermenstrual. No interaction between type of dysmenorrhea and menstrual phase was found for either pain threshold or pain tolerance, using three procedures of experimentally induced pain. On a self-report measure of pain, however, the congestive and combined dysmenorrheics reported the highest degree of pain and distress, especially during the premenstrual and menstrual phases; nonsufferers reported the lowest degree and were stable across phases.
1st Annual Conference of Midwifery
Dysmenorrhea is menstrual pain, and is one of the symptoms of gynecology. Many women feel uncomfortable or disturbed during menstruation. The term dysmenorrhea refers more to women whose menstrual pain can interfere with normal activities and require drugs, either over the counter or prescription drugs. Dysmenorrhea is divided into two: primary dysmenorrhea (not because of pathological state) and secondary dysmenorrhea (pathological state). Management of dysmenorrheal exists pharmacologically and nonpharmacologically, one of them is by doing physical exercise (aerobic exercise and stretching exercise). The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of aerobic exercise and stretching exercise to pain intensity in subjects with menstrual pain (primarydysmenorrhea). The design of this study was descriptive analytic Quasi Experimental. Conducted in Bachelor of Midwifery, Universitas Andalas from December to January 2018 The subjects is midwifery students, and divided into 2 groups (32-group A, 32-group B). Data were collected using a questionnaire and Numerical Pain Rating Scale to assess pain intensity. Statistical analyzes were performed using paired t tests for group comparison and student t tests used to compare between the two groups with a p value of 0.05. Results statistics showed no significant differences in the intensity of menstrual pain between the two groups and also based on bivariate analysis showed that there was no statistically significant difference in comparison of pain intensity between menstruation between two groups with p> 0,05.
Measuring Menstrual Discomfort
Epidemiology, 2008
Background-Menstrual discomfort is common among women of reproductive age and can be debilitating. The accuracy of self-report of menstrual discomfort is unknown. Methods-At enrollment into the DES Reproductive Health Study, 1990, premenopausal women classified their frequency of any menstrual discomfort as "always", "often", "sometimes" and "never". Subsequently, women provided daily diary information for up to six months regarding any menstrual discomfort and medication for menstrual pain. Results-324 women contributed ≥4 menstrual cycles to the prospective study. At enrollment, 10% had reported "never" having menstrual discomfort. Of these, 65% recorded at least one day of menstrual discomfort during follow-up. For the 27% who had reported "always" having discomfort, 88% recorded discomfort in all cycles. The enrollment statement of discomfort was more strongly correlated with the percent of cycles in which women took medication for menstrual pain: respondents who said they "never" had menstrual discomfort reported use of pain medication in 3% of cycles; "sometimes," 36%, "often," 67%, and "always," 92%. The average number of days per cycle with prospectively-recorded menstrual discomfort was also correlated with the enrollment response. Conclusions-A single question regarding frequency of menstrual discomfort was positively correlated with prospectively recorded menstrual discomfort, and especially with pain requiring medication.
Comparison of Menstrual Pain among Dysmenorrhea and Non- Dysmenorrhea University Students
Lahore Garrison University Journal of Life Sciences, 2020
ABSTRACT: Dysmenorrhea is a gynecological state of cramps with painful menstruation. In this condition, pain initiates for a short period before or at the beginning of the menstrual cycle and lasts for 1-3 days. A comparative cross-sectional study was carried out at The University of Lahore, to assess the menstrual pain among dysmenorrhea and non-dysmenorrhea university students. A total of 150 menstruating females were divided into two groups: the dysmenorrhea group: 75 females aged between 21 to 30 years complaining of dysmenorrhea and non-dysmenorrhea group: 75 females aged between 21 to 30 years having normal menstruation were enrolled. Data were collected through interview form and participating females were preinformed regarding the risks and benefits of the study and written informed consent was taken from the participants. Participants were assessed through a pre-tested questionnaire using a non-probability convenient sampling technique and data were analyzed using SPSS vers...
MOJ Anatomy & Physiology, 2017
The purpose of this study was to configure and test a Menstrual-related Emotional Stroop Task (MEST) to assess differences in emotional responsiveness of healthy cycling women in order to identify the effects of pain anticipation, anxiety and depression symptomatology. Participants included 40 healthy women between 21 and 51years of age, with regular menstrual cycles who completed questionnaires on socio-demographics, menstrual cycle characteristics, nicotine use, and alcohol consumption. The numeric pain rating scale (Visual Analogue Scale or VAS) was used to assess perceived levels of menstrual pain. Twice during their menstrual cycle (follicular phase and premenstrual phase, 3-5days before menses), we administered the MEST, the VAS, the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) and the Beck Depression Inventory II (BDI-II). Subjects reporting higher levels of pain (VAS score >7, n=7) had the longest reaction time in the MEST, specifically in the premenstrual phase compared to those with mild (VAS score 1-3, n=22) levels of menstrual pain, possibly indicating an "anticipatory stress" emotional response to their impending menses. Linear regression analysis revealed correlations between depression levels and performance in MEST during the premenstrual phase. Overall, our data suggest that emotional responses are deeply affected by the anticipation of menstrual pain and are associated with depression. Moreover, this study indicates that MEST is an effective tool to obtain information about the emotional impact of menstrual pain and identifies associated impairments in attentional processes. These results have implications for the development of pain management skills and psycho-education programs for women suffering from painful conditions such as endometriosis.
2020
Background: Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) is commonly seen among women of reproductive age and can be aggravated by emotional and physical symptoms. (PMS) has a wide variety of signs and symptoms tend to recur in a predictable pattern including fatigue, pain, mood swings, food cravings, tender breasts, irritability and depression. For most of women, the physical pain and psychological distress are severe enough to affect their daily lives. It has been observed that pain intensity and psychological distress can be affected by psychosocial variables such as catastrophizing, beliefs, coping skills, perceived social support, and learning about pain from important others. this investigation has aimed to assess Predictability of pain intensity and psychological distress by suggestibility and attitude to menstruation among Iranian population of women.Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed on 130 female students of Shahed university of Tehran between 20 to 35-year-old. The data wer...