Effect of host egg age on preference, development and arrestment of Telenomus remus (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae) (original) (raw)
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Revista Brasileira de Entomologia, 2010
Functional response of Telenomus remus Nixon (Hymenoptera, Scelionidae) to Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith) (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae) eggs: effect of female age 1 EMBRAPA Milho e Sorgo, Caixa Postal 151, 35701-970 Sete Lagoas-MG, Brasil. ABSTRACT. Functional response of Telenomus remus Nixon (Hymenoptera, Scelionidae) to Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith) (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae) eggs: effect of female age. Functional response of 24-h and 48-h-old Telenomus remus adults was studied on Spodoptera frugiperda eggs. The study was carried out in climatic chamber regulated at 25 ± 1°C, 70 ± 10% RH and 12:12h (L: D). Females of T. remus were honey fed and individualized in glass vials along with 25, 50, 75, 100, 150, 200, 250 or 300 eggs of S. frugiperda for 24 h.
2019
Abstract: Release of egg parasitoids for biological control of pests is a promising technique in integrated pest management (IPM). However, there is a lack of information on the performance of parasitoid females of different ages, and specifically on the behavior of the parasitoid Telenomus remus towards pest eggs at different stages of embryonic development. Thus, the relationships between host age, parasitoid age, and parasitism by T. remus on Spodoptera frugiperda eggs were evaluated. Three separate bioassays were performed, each in a completely randomized design. In the first bioassay, T. remus females grouped by age in days (ranging from 1 to 10 days old) were offered 100 ± 20 eggs of S. frugiperda for 24 hours. In the second bioassay, 100 ± 20 eggs of S. frugiperda (24, 48 or 72 hours old) were offered to females of T. remus for 24 hours. In the third bioassay, 24, 48- and 72-hour-old host eggs of S. frugiperda were offered to T. remus females in a choice test. The variables e...
Brazilian Archives of Biology and Technology, 2010
This work studied the parasitism capacity of Telenomus remus Nixon (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae) on Spodoptera frugiperda (Smith) (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae) eggs at 15, 20, 25, 28, 31, and 35°C, aiming to use this natural enemy in biological control programs in crops where S. frugiperda was considered pest. The parasitism during the first 24 h was 60.90, 81.65, 121.05, 117.55 and 108.55 parasited eggs per female from egg masses of approximately 150 eggs, at 15, 20, 25, 28 and 31°C, respectively. Females of T. remus reached parasitism higher than 80% at 15, 20, 25, 28 and 31ºC at 5, 27, 8, 2, and 2 days, respectively. At 35ºC, there was no parasitism. The highest parasitism rates occurred at 20, 25, 28 and 31°C. T. remus female longevity varied from 15.7 to 7.7 days from 15 to 31°C. The highest tested temperature (35°C) was inappropriate for T. remus development. At that temperature, female longevity was greatly reduced (1.7±0.02) and egg viability was null. All T. remus survival curves were of type I, which showed an increase in mortality rate with time.
European Journal of Entomology, 2001
Telenomus busseolae Gahan (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae) is an egg parasitoid, which is under evaluation for possible intro duction into Italy as a biological control agent of the Corn Stalk Borer, Sesamia nonagrioides (Lefebvre) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Two strains are being considered, one from Africa and the other from Turkey. In a series of laboratory experiments we compared their reproductive capacities, walking behaviour, and host selection behaviour mediated by the sex pheromone and body scales of the host. As reciprocal crosses between the two strains yielded female offspring, they are not reproductively isolated. The two strains were similar in both their reproductive capacity and female longevity. Females of both produced 75-90 eggs and lived on average for 6-7 days. There were differences between the two strains in walking behaviour, searching pattern and in the host location behav iour. The African strain walked faster then the Turkish strain, and showed a slower angular speed and lower turning rate. The African strain showed a significant increase in its speed of movement in response to the host's sex pheromone and a more intense local search after encountering host body scales. These results on of T. busseolae for corn borer management in Italy.
Revista Brasileira de Milho e Sorgo, 2002
The impact of releasing different densities (0, 6, 9 and 12 adult females m -2 ) of the egg parasitoid Telenomus remus Nixon on maize plants artificially infested with Spodoptera frugiperda (Smith) egg masses (one m -2 ) was evaluated. Egg masses were pinned in the midrib of the plant 36 days after planting. One egg mass contained approximately 65 eggs. The experimental design was in a randomized complete block design with five replications (16 m 2 plots). There was a significant effect on percentage of parasitism egg masses. The highest parasitism values were verified in plots where 9 or 12 females of T. remus m -2 were released, respectively, 74 and 88.3 %. The relationship between percentage of parasitized egg masses and parasitoid densities was quadratic (Y = 16.8 + 9.98 X -0.35 X 2 , r 2 = 0.99). The natural occurrence of Trichogramma spp. was relatively constant over the egg masses fixed on maize plants (52.5%). However, the average T. remus parasitism on the eggs of a mass was much higher, representing 80.4% while the parasitism was only 21.3% in the case of Trichogramma. The presence of both parasitoids was responsible for up to 97.5% of parasitism, obtained from plots with a released density of 12 T. remus female m -2 .
Biological Control, 2017
Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae), the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is an invasive pest in the U.S., where it has been largely unaffected by natural enemies. Using rinsed and unrinsed, frozen and fresh egg masses in laboratory bioassays, we studied how surface chemicals on the eggs of H. halys might suppress parasitism by the native North American scelionid parasitoids, Telenomus podisi Ashmead and Trissolcus erugatus Johnson (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae). Parasitism of fresh-rinsed and freshunrinsed H. halys eggs was not observed in laboratory bioassays. However, both Te. podisi and Tr. erugatus parasitized significantly more frozen-rinsed eggs (59.6% and 71.1%, respectively) than frozen-unrinsed eggs (27.9% and 46.5% respectively). Some of these parasitoids of both species that successfully emerged from frozen-rinsed and frozenunrinsed eggs were subsequently able to develop in fresh-unrinsed H. halys eggs for at least four generations, with parasitism starting around 30% and 40% to Te. podisi and Tr. erugatus respectively, but decreased on subsequent ones. We conclude that the success of indigenous egg parasitoids in successfully parasitizing the invasive H. halys in North America may be initially limited by compounds present on the surface of BMSB eggs, and that native parasitoids can learn to recognize the exotic BMSB eggs under specific circumstances. Knowledge of the semiochemistry of egg parasitism increases the likelihood that it may be possible to select native parasitoids for biological control of H. halys and other invasive pests.
2002
Oviposition behavior, intra-and interspecific host discrimination, and superand multiparasitism by the scelionids Telenomus busseolae and T. isis were studied using batches of eggs of the noctuid stalk borer Sesamia calamistis as the host. Both Telenomus species were able to discern eggs already parasitized. As a result, self-superparasitism was only 4.0% for T. busseolae and 5.8% for T. isis. Likewise, intraspecific superparasitism was avoided by both species and was significantly higher for T. busseolae than T. isis, and higher when parasitized eggs were offered immediately (0 h) and after 48 h than after 24 h; apparently, the recognition of parasitized eggs at 24 and 48 h was based on the presence of parasitoid larvae rather than a specific marking substance. Multiparasitism was avoided if the female had a choice between unparasitized and parasitized eggs. In a choice experiment, it was 10.2 and 2.5% for T. busseolae and T. isis, respectively. In a nonchoice experiment, multiparasitism did not vary between species and time treatment; it was low, varying between 9.6 and 24.1%. In the 0-h treatment, T. busseolae always outcompeted T. isis, accounting for 63.4 or 91.7% of the offspring, when T. isis or T. busseolae, respectively,
BioControl, 2011
The response of the generalist egg parasitoid Ooencyrtus telenomicida (Vassiliev) (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) to host-related chemical cues from tomato plants, Solanum lycopersicum L., and adults of Nezara viridula (L.) (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) was investigated in laboratory-based no-choice and paired-choice tests. In Y-tube olfactometer experiments, when female wasps were exposed to volatiles from plants in different conditions, they were attracted only to volatiles produced by N. viridula adult-infested tomato plants. When female wasps were exposed to adults of N. viridula, they were attracted to volatiles from virgin males, and, at a lower level, to volatiles from mated females in preoviposition state. Finally, studies in open arena showed that chemical footprints left by adults of N. viridula did not induce arrestment responses in wasp females. These results are discussed in terms of extrinsic competition with other beneficial egg parasitoids that in field can compete for the same egg mass, since intraguild interactions may affect the success of a biological control program.
Neotropical Entomology, 2006
Neotropical Entomology 35 : 654-659(2006) Efeito da Idade dos Ovos de Spartocera dentiventris (Berg) (Hemiptera: Coreidae) no Parasitismo por Gryon gallardoi (Brethes) (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae) RESUMO -Visando avaliar o efeito da idade dos ovos de Spartocera dentiventris (Berg) no parasitismo por Gryon gallardoi (Brethes), foram expostos grupos de 12 ovos de 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, e 12 dias de idade para uma fêmea de G. gallardoi em um tubo de ensaio, sendo esta observada por 2h. Após, os ovos foram individualizados e incubados (25 ± 1°C; fotoperíodo de 12h) até a emergência dos adultos. Para a avaliação da idade preferencial, grupos de 12 ovos de 1, 3, 5, 7 e 12 dias de idade foram expostos, simultaneamente, para uma fêmea do parasitóide por 2h. Posteriormente, os grupos foram individualizados e incubados até ser confirmado o parasitismo. Em todas as idades testadas verificouse parasitismo em 88,5 ± 2,64% dos ovos oferecidos, com diminuição no percentual de emergência com o aumento da idade (P < 0,01). O tempo de desenvolvimento aumentou com a idade dos ovos (P < 0,01), sendo que os machos se desenvolveram mais rapidamente. A razão sexual, em todas as idades testadas foi desviada para fêmeas (0,49:1) e a proporção de machos não variou com a idade do hospedeiro (P > 0,05). Quando os grupos de ovos foram expostos simultaneamente, a fêmea preferiu os ovos de um e três dias de idade. Os resultados indicaram preferência de G. gallardoi por ovos mais jovens de S. dentiventris podendo a idade exercer efeito negativo no tempo de desenvolvimento e na emergência da prole.