Comparative Study of Psychological Impact of COVID-19 on Healthcare and Non-Healthcare Workers Using WHO-QOL BREF and PHQ-9 Scale- An Indian Nationwide Cross-sectional Study (original) (raw)
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International Journal of Community Medicine and Public Health, 2021
Infectious disease outbreaks are known to have psychological impact on the general population and more specifically, on HCWs. Prominent examples of this are the psychological sequelae observed during the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) outbreak in 2003, the H1N1 influenza in 2009 and the middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) in 2012. A similar trend is being observed in the SARS-CoV-2, also known as coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic that infected 130,422,190 million individuals within a year of its outbreak in March 2020. The WHO has formally recognized the risk of pandemic-related stress and ABSTRACT
Psychological Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on Health Care Workers: A Cross Sectional Study
BioMedica, 2020
Background and Objective: The Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has affected more than four million people in 213 countries. Health care workers (HCWs) who deal with COVID-19 patients have a high chance of getting infected. They have got valid concerns regarding their own health as well as the impact it can have on the wellbeing of their family and acquaintances. The current study aims to assess the prevalence of psychological problems among HCWs during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among HCWs of Wah Medical College and Pakistan Ordnance Factories (POF) Hospital Wah Cantt from 1st May 2020 to 7th May 2020 after an ethical approval by ethical review board. A total of 340 HCWs participated by filling an online questionairre; questions on demographic profile and validated Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale–21 (DASS-21) score were included. Frequency of depression, anxiety and stress and mean DASS-21 scores between house officers and ...
. Psychological impact of COVID-19 pandemic on health care workers of tertiary care hospitals
Psychological impact of COVID-19 pandemic on health care workers of tertiary care hospitals. Khan M.J., Jamil B., Haroon M.Z. Healthcare workers (HCWs) are at increased risk of mental health issues when faced with the challenges associated with pandemics. This study was conducted to assess the psychological impact of pandemic o n HCWs working in tertiary care hospitals of Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan. This cross-sectional study was conducted between April & June 2020. By convenience sampling an electronic form of Goldberg General Health Questionnaire was distributed among HCWs of the private sector and public tertiary care hospitals. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 22. Inferential analysis was done. The significant level was considered at p=<0.05. Total of 186 HCWs among which 105 (56.5%) males and 81 (43.5%) females participated in the survey, a mean age of 37.6±9.28 years. The highest prevalence was found for social dysfunction 184 (97.8%) followed by somatization, 169 (92.8%). Significance of difference was found between age group and anxiety (p=0.018), specialty of HCWs with somatization and social dysfunction (p=0.041 and 0.037 respectively). Pandemic poses a significant risk for the mental health of HCWs. During pandemics at its peak, proper mental health support program, personal and family protection assurance is highly recommended for provision of quality care by HCWs.
Psychological impact of COVID-19 on the general population of India: A cross-sectional study
2021
Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has affected the general population across the world. A health crisis of such a large scale is likely to have a psychological impact of varying degrees in the general population. Objective: The aim of the study is to establish the psychological impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the general population of India. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted using a semi structured questionnaire containing questions regarding socio-demographic characteristics, General Health Questionnaire (12-item) and counselling seeking behaviour was disseminated in a snowball sampling technique through an online survey form. Total 405 participated in the study with a non-response rate of 1.23%. Results: It was observed that there is significant relation of sociodemographic characteristics of age, employment status and also counselling seeking behaviour on the psychological impact of the participants. 68 students experienced fair to worse psychologica...
Psychological Impact of COVID-19
2021
Background: The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is an emerging viral infection and a public health emergency that has caused a widely spread pandemic. The current COVID-19 pandemic is prompting feelings of helplessness, fear of falling sick or dying and therefore, requires an urgent and timely understanding of the psychological impact it has had on/mental health status of the community. The aim of this study was to survey the general public in India to better understand their depression, anxiety, and stress levels during the COVID-19 outbreak. Methods: The study included a total of 76 participants which consisted of both adult students and working professionals including 38 males and 38 females. An online-based survey using a non-random convenience-based and snowball sample technique was conducted. The survey collected information about several aspects of participants' socio-demographic and psychological impact. The psychological impact was assessed using the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS-21). The Independent sample t-test was run to analyze the collected data. Results: The findings of the study indicated that there is no significant difference in the psychological impact of the pandemic among males and females. Another finding of the study suggested a significant difference in the psychological impact of the pandemic among working individuals and students.
Psychological impact of COVID-19 on healthcare workers: cross-sectional analyses from 14 countries
Global Mental Health
Background Healthcare workers (HCWs) have been impacted psychologically due to their professional responsibilities over the prolonged era of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. The study aimed to identify the predictors of psychological distress, fear, and coping during the COVID-19 pandemic among HCWs. Methods A cross-sectional online survey was conducted among self-identified HCWs across 14 countries (12 from Asia and two from Africa). The Kessler Psychological Distress Scale, the Fear of COVID-19 Scale, and the Brief Resilient Coping Scale were used to assess the psychological distress, fear, and coping of HCWs, respectively. Results A total of 2447 HCWs participated; 36% were doctors, and 42% were nurses, with a mean age of 36 (±12) years, and 70% were females. Moderate to very-high psychological distress was prevalent in 67% of the HCWs; the lowest rate was reported in the United Arab Emirates (1%) and the highest in Indonesia (16%). The prevalence of high levels ...
Indian Journal of Psychiatry, 2020
Background: The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is an emerging infection causing a widely spread pandemic of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The current COVID-2019 pandemic is prompting fear of falling sick, dying, helplessness and stigma, urgent and timely understanding of mental health status is needed to help the community. Our investigation designed to survey the general population in Saudi Arabia to assess the degree of psychological impact during the pandemic. Methods: During the early stage of the outbreak, we conducted an online-based survey using a snowballing sample technique. The surveys collected data about several aspects of participant sociodemographic, knowledge, concerns, psychological impact, and mental health status. We assessed the psychological impact and mental health status using the Impact of Event Scale-Revised (IES-R), and the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale (DASS-21). Results: Our survey recruited 1160 respondents of the general public of Saudi Arabia. Of them, 23.6% reported moderate or severe psychological impact of the outbreak, 28.3%,24%, and 22.3% reported moderate to severe depressive, anxiety, and stress symptoms, respectively. Females reported IES-R (B: 5.46, 95% CI: 3.61 to 7.31) and DASS subscales B coefficient ranged from 1.65 to 2.63, along with high-school students, working in the medical field, and poor self-reported health status was significantly associated with a high level of IES-R and DASS scales (p b .05). Experiencing breathing difficulty and dizziness showed a stronger association with higher IES-R and DASS subscales than other somatic symptoms (e.g., headache and fever);(p b .001). Respondents who practiced specific preventative measures (e.g., hand washing, social distancing) demonstrated a protective effect against stress, anxiety, and depression symptoms. Social distancing appeared to be protective on stress and anxiety subscales (B:-1.49, 95% CI: −2.79 to −0.19),(B:-1.53, 95% CI: −2.50 to −0.57),respectively; and hand hygiene on depression subscale (B:-2.43, 95% CI: −4.44 to −0.42). Conclusion: Throughout the early stage of the COVID-19 outbreak in Saudi Arabia, the results showed that nearly one-fourth of the sampled general population experienced moderate to severe psychological impact. Following specific precautionary measures appeared to have a protective effect on the individual's mental health. Our findings can be used to construct psychological interventions directed toward vulnerable populations and to implement public mental health strategies in the early stages of the outbreak.
Open Journal of Psychiatry & Allied Sciences, 2021
Background: In the absence of treatment and unclear prognosis, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) itself, and public health measures like lockdown enforced by the government to limit the spread of the virus poses a threat to the psychological health of the general population. Aim: To assess the psychological status of the Indian population during the initial phase of lockdown. Method: It was a cross-sectional online survey where the questionnaire was disbursed by snowballing. The link to the survey was shared in different social networking platforms between 6th and 22nd of April 2020. The questionnaire collected responses related to the sociodemographic variables, exposure history, precautionary measures used, and the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale (DASS-21) score. Results: A total of 541 participants responded to the questionnaire. Only 422 respondents' responses from 23 states of India who completed the questionnaire were included for assessment. The mean age of the participants was 30.5 (SD=10.9) years. Female constituted 60.4% (n=255) of the respondents. The pre-existing medical illness that the respondents had were diabetes mellitus, four per cent (n=17), hypertension, five per cent (n=21), thyroid dysfunction, nine per cent (n=38), and mental illness, five per cent (n=21). The median (IQR) of the DASS-21 item scale was found to be 16 (4-32). The percentage of the respondents who reported stress was 35.5% (n=149), anxiety, 32% (n=135), and depression, 34.7% (n=146). Respondents with sociodemographic variables like being single, student status, competed education till graduation, homemakers, working in public sector, and history of mental illness were more likely to experience stress, anxiety, and depression. A majority of the respondents were practicing hand hygiene and social distancing. Respondents who were unaware of their exposure status were more likely to have depression. Conclusion: The Indian population is experiencing the psychological impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which may increase with the spread of the infection. India needs to gear up to face mental health consequences. People with a pre-existing physical and psychological illness needs extra care and precaution to prevent any relapse or development of complications.
Indian Journal of Mental Health, 2022
Background: The study aimed to compare the psychological impact of COVID-19 pandemic on health care professionals (HCPs). Methodology: It was a cross sectional study carried out on health care professionals (doctors, nursing staff and paramedical HCPs) in India. Depression, generalized anxiety, panic symptoms, hypochondriacal and obsessional symptoms were assessed through questions based on ICD-10 criteria. A pre tested google questionnaire was prepared and its link was sent through various social media. Results: A total of 626 HCPs (385 doctors, 124 nursing staff, 117 Paramedical HCPs) were included in the study. Depression, generalized anxiety, panic symptoms, hypochondriacal symptoms and obsessional symptoms were found in 13.3%, 21.2% 5.1%, 16.5% and 32.6% of the HCPs respectively. Depression, generalized anxiety and panic symptoms were found to be significantly higher in the HCPs of COVID health care facilities (p0.009; p<0.001; p0.035 respectively). Female HCP was associated with depression [OR 2.34 (1.38-3.96); p-0.002] and panic symptoms [OR 3.43 (1.46-8.07); p-0.005]. Generalized anxiety was more common in HCPs working in COVID health care facilities [1.91 (1.20-3.03); p-0.006]. Conclusion: The study concludes that being a female health care professional, doctors and those working in COVID health care facilities were at a higher risk of having poor psychological health.