Nationalism and Socialism Portrayed in the Novels of the Indo-Anglian Novelist Trio (original) (raw)
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Indian scholars and western scholars have presented different views regarding emergence of Indian nationalism. Scholars like Benedict Anderson are of the view that Indian Nationalism emerged in India because of British rule. According to Anderson, print media and railways helped in the emergence of nationalism. Valentine Chirol refuses Indian Nationalism. Another British scholar, Christopher Belle has tried to find the roots of Indian nationalism in ancient India. According to him, good government and patriotism always existed in ancient India. Anthony Smith focuses on understanding the origins and formation of modern nations to understand nationalism. Cultural identity is an important part of nations. Smith has found ethno-history as an important part of modern nations. The major concern with ethno-symbolism is the manner in which modern world's nations have been formed. Smith has seen nationalism as a modern ideological movement. Nationalism is aspiration for various social groups to defend, create or maintain nations. Nationalism maintains autonomy, identity and unity of nations. Sekhar Bandyopadhyay argues about the reasons that were responsible for the rise of nationalism in India. Cristopher Jaffrelot writes about the monopolization of the Hindu nationalist movement on the front pages of Indian newspaper in 1990s when Bhartiya Janta Party (BJP) came strongly Indian political arena. Radhakumud Mookerji argues about the existence of nationalism in ancient Indian society, particularly, in Hindu culture. Mookerji states that ancient Indian society had a systematic bureaucracy, rules and laws. Big empires were setup by the kings like Chandragupta Maurya, Asoka and Gupta Kings. Trade and commerce developed during these empires. Mahatma Gandhi argues about nationalism through his non-violent ideology whereas Ravindra Nath Tagore sees nationalism as a tool of violence. In this sense, the present paper is an attempt to understand the debate on Indian nationalism. This paper will also limelight on different views on the ideology and nature of Indian nationalism.
Since over Seventy Years of his demise, Gandhi continues to decisively influence Indian mind and non violence as a strategy and philosophy for social transformation. In this Country has a large number of followers who at least theoretically accept its relevance as a weapon of weaker sections in their struggle for social emancipation in this Country.
Journal of emerging technologies and innovative research, 2020
As an ideology, Nationalism in general has so many composite elements like-state, nation, patriotic feelings, national interest, national unity and integrity etc. Every nation state in the world has defined and maintained this notion of ideology differently. In the words of Hans Kohn, "nationalism is an idea, an idea force which fills man's brain and heart with new thoughts and sentiments and drives in to translate his consciousness into deeds of organized action." So far as the nationalism in India is concern, which is very complex and dynamic in nature, because of its diversity in different fields like religion, language, caste, creed, race sex etc. Others factors like-role of mass media, modern education, socio-cultural history, political and economic infrastructure and especially individuals who mainly played an important role are very much necessary to understand this very terminology 'Nationalism'. Sri Aurobindo Ghosh is one of the true Indian nationalist who contributed to the process political liberty of India, was all-round genius, a great patriot and a notable metaphysician. C. R. Das called Aurobindo as the 'poet of patriotism, the prophet of nationalism and the lover of humanity'. Tagore pointed him as the 'Messiah of Indian culture and civilization'. Aurobindo, the prophet of the Indian nationalism, was born on 15 August 1872 and his father Krisnadhan Ghosh being an admirer of western education sent Aurobindo to England at age of 7 for higher education. His father told him not to melt with Indians and keep distance from them. But after coming back to India in 1892, his mother Swarnalata Debi, daughter of Vedantic scholar Rajnarayan Basu, introduced Aurobindo with Indian philosophy despite his father's high ambition towards western culture. In fact, he was the principal of the National Education College, Jadavpur, now known as the Jadavpur University. Very soon Aurobindo learnt Bengali and Sanskrit language and begun to read Anandamath, Dharma Tatva, and Krishna Charitha etc. and gradually he understood what actually the feeling of Indianness is? All these writings make him feel a sense of patriotism and spiritual. Sri Aurobindo, "an interesting personality who began his life as a student in England, came back as a teacher to Baroda, moved as a revolutionary to Calcutta, then went to Pondicherry and became the greatest philosopher of 20 th century." So, it can easily be said that his 'Shikshabhoomi' was England; 'Karmabhoomi' was Baroda; 'Krântibhoomi' was Calcutta and Pondicherry was his 'Yogabhoomi'. He was also deeply influenced by two well-known western revolutionary movements-1stly, "the Sinn Fein movement in Ireland that had spearheaded the
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Bodhi International Journal of Research in Humanities, Arts and Science, 2019
Indian Nationalist Movement is known to be the greatest freedom movement against the colonial power in world History. However, the younger generations tend to forget their immense contributions to free India which they have today. India was never free since the Aryan invasion and was under the British colonial rule for around 200 years until her independence in 1947. Prior to the colonization, the Indians were divided based on their castes, creed, regions, religions, etc. Until the arrival of the British in the soil of India, national consciousness did not emerge among the Indians. They were fighting against each other to expand their territory and for their own personal interest. However, with the arrival of the B.E.I.C. and colonizing the Indian Territory, the B.E.I.C. became the tools for the Indian nationalism. Due to the social, political and economic condition under the rule of British, the people struggle against the British to regain their national identity. In one way, the rule of British was a curse for the Indians. However, on the other hand, it became a way for uniting the Indians for creating India as a Nation. Yet, some of the nationalists were forgotten in today India, while others are being highlighted as the national heroes. So, the current study has been formed to highlight those unsung heroes and their immense contributions for free India.
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