Selenium and lung cancer: A systematic review, meta-analysis and meta-regression (original) (raw)
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The Relationship between Selenium and Lung Cancer: An Updated Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
International Journal of Cancer Management
Context: Many studies have reported contradictory results about the relationship between selenium levels and the risk of lung cancer. Objectives: This study was performed with the aim of evaluating the relationship between selenium and lung cancer. Methods: The present systematic review and meta-analysis was carried out according to preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and metaanalyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Using MeSH keywords, two reviewers independently searched international databases including PubMed, Science Direct, Cochrane, EMBASE, Web of Science, CINAHL, Scopus, and Google Scholar. The data were combined, using comprehensive Meta-Analysis Software Version 2 based on the random effects model. The tests were considered significant at P < 0.05. Results: In 15 high-quality studies including 13 case-control and 2 cohort studies, 84 199 subjects (2 434 cases and 81 765 controls) were studied. The odds ratio (OR) of lung cancer in the highest quintile of selenium exposure compared to the lowest quintile was 0.55 (95% CI: 0.35 to 0.86, P < 0.01). The results of the standardized mean difference between serum selenium concentrations in lung cancer and healthy groups in 11 studies (1446 cases and 77917 controls) was-0.32 µg/L (95% CI:-0.53 to-0.11, P = 0.003). This value for toenails selenium in 3 studies (620 cases and 2 709 controls) was-0.13 µg/g (95% CI:-0.22 to-0.038, P = 0.006). In subgroup analysis, it was determined that gender (P = 0.28), type of studies (P = 0.70), and measurement of selenium samples (P = 0.46) were not influencing factors. Conclusions: The results of the study indicated the preventive role of increased selenium levels in the incidence of lung cancer. Moreover, the selenium could be used as a predictive variable.
Selenium and Lung Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta Analysis
PLoS ONE, 2011
Background: Selenium is a natural health product widely used in the treatment and prevention of lung cancers, but large chemoprevention trials have yielded conflicting results. We conducted a systematic review of selenium for lung cancers, and assessed potential interactions with conventional therapies.
Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology, 2004
While numerous laboratory investigations have shown that selenium may have anticarcinogenic activity, the epidemiological data have been inconsistent. In this report, meta-analysis was used to quantitatively summarize the existing epidemiological evidence on selenium and lung cancer and identify sources of heterogeneity among studies. When all studies were combined, the summary relative risk (RR) for subjects with higher selenium exposures was 0.74 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.57-0.97]. In subgroup analyses based on the average selenium level in the study population, the summary RR for areas where selenium levels were low was 0.72 (95% CI 0.45-1.16), while the RR for areas where selenium levels were higher was 0.86 (95% CI 0.61-1.22). In both studies in high selenium areas where RRs were markedly below 1.0, protective effects were only found when subjects in the lowest category of selenium exposure were used as referents. No clear protective effects were seen when highly exposed ...
The association between Selenium and Prostate Cancer: a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention : APJCP, 2018
Background: Evidence of relationship between selenium and prostate cancer has been inconsistent. The present metaanalysis was conducted to determine relationship between selenium and prostate cancer. Methods: A systematic review and meta-analysis was carried out using preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analysis (PRISMA). We searched PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, ScienceDirect, Embase, CINAHL, Cochrane Library, EBSCO and Google scholar search engines and the reference lists of the retrieved papers for relevant data, without any limitation regarding language or time until 2016. Heterogeneity among studies was evaluated using Q test and I2 Index. Finally, a random effects model was used for combining results using STATA software version 11.1. P<0.05 was considered significant. Results: Thirty-eight studies including 36,419 cases and 105,293 controls were included in the final analysis. The pooled relative risk (RR) of relation between selenium and prostate c...
A prospective cohort study on selenium status and the risk of lung cancer
Cancer research, 1993
Selenium has been suggested to be anticarcinogenic and to play a role in the cellular defense against oxidative stress. The association between toenail selenium (a marker of long-term selenium status) and lung cancer was investigated in a cohort study of diet and cancer that started in 1986 among 120,852 Dutch men and women aged 55-69 years. After 3.3 years of follow-up, 550 incident cases of lung carcinoma were detected. Toenail selenium data were available for 370 lung cancer cases and 2459 members of a randomly selected subcohort. The rate ratio of lung cancer for subjects in the highest compared to the lowest quintile of toenail selenium, after controlling for age, gender, smoking, and education, was 0.50 (95% confidence interval, 0.30-0.81), with a significant inverse trend across quintiles (P = 0.006). The protective effect of selenium was concentrated in subjects with a relatively low dietary intake of beta-carotene or vitamin C. The rate ratio in the highest compared to the ...
A Prospective Cohort Study on Selenium Status and the Risk of Lung Cancer1
Selenium has been suggested tu be anticarcinogenic and to play a role in the cellular defense against oxidative stress. The association between toenail selenium (a marker of long-term selenium status) and lung cancer was investigated in a cohort study of diet and cancer that started in 1986 among 120,852 Dutch men and women aged 55â€"69 years. After 3.3 years of follow-up, 550 incident cases of lung carcinoma were detected. Toenail selenium data were available for 370 lung cancer cases and 2459 members of a randomly selected subcohort. The rate ratio of lung cancer for sub jects in the highest compared to the lowest quintile of toenail selenium, after controlling for age, gender, smoking, and education, was 0.50 (95% confidence interval, 0.30-0.81), with a significant inverse trend across quintiles i /' = 0.006). The protective effect of selenium was concentrated in subjects with a relatively low dietary intake of ß-carotene or vitamin C.
Selenium and prostate cancer: systematic review and meta-analysis
American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 2012
Background: Prostate cancer is a growing public health problem. Several human studies have shown a potentially protective effect of selenium, but the conclusions from published reports are inconsistent. Objective: The objective was to examine the evidence for relations between selenium intake, selenium status, and prostate cancer risk. Design: This was a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials, case-control studies, and prospective cohort studies. The World Cancer Research Fund/American Institute for Cancer Research Continuous Update Project database was searched up to September 2010. The studies included reported measurements of selenium intake or status (plasma, serum, or toenail selenium), assessments of prostate cancer cases (number of events), and the RR in the adult population. Meta-analyses were performed, and study quality, heterogeneity, and small study effects were assessed. Doseresponse meta-analyses were used, with restricted cubic splines and fractional polynomials for nonlinear trends, to investigate the association between selenium status and prostate cancer risk. Results: Twelve studies with a total of 13,254 participants and 5007 cases of prostate cancer were included. The relation between plasma/serum selenium and prostate cancer in a nonlinear doseresponse meta-analysis showed that the risk decreased with increasing plasma/serum selenium up to 170 ng/mL. Three high-quality studies included in the meta-analysis of toenail selenium and cancer risk indicated a reduction in prostate cancer risk (estimated RR: 0.29; 95% CI: 0.14, 0.61) with a toenail selenium concentration between 0.85 and 0.94 lg/g.
European Respiratory Journal, 2011
Serum selenium has been implicated as a risk factor for lung cancer, but the issue remains unsettled. In a cohort of 3,333 males aged 53-74 yrs, we tested the hypothesis that a low serum selenium concentration would be associated with an increased risk of lung cancer mortality. Over 16 yrs, 167 (5.1%) subjects died of lung cancer: 48 (5.0%) out of 965 with low serum selenium (0.4-1.0 mmol?L-1), 57 (5.1%) out of 1,141 with medium serum selenium (1.1-1.2 mmol?L-1) and 62 (5.1%) out of 1,227 with high serum selenium (1.3-3.0 mmol?L-1). After adjustment for age, referencing the lowest level of serum selenium, hazard ratios (HRs) for medium and high levels of serum selenium were 0.97 (95% CI 0.66-1.43) and 0.99 (95% CI 0.68-1.45), respectively. Taking into account pack-years of smoking, spirits intake, dietary markers (salt and fat preferences) and health measures (chronic bronchitis and peak flow), referencing the lowest level of serum selenium, HRs were 1.17 (95% CI 0.79-1.75) and 1.43 (95% CI 0.96-2.14), for medium and high levels respectively. Among heavy smokers, a high serum selenium concentration was associated with a significantly increased risk of lung cancer mortality after taking into account all potential confounders. The hypothesis that low serum selenium is an independent risk factor for lung cancer was not supported.
Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology, 2002
The Nutritional Prevention of Cancer Trial was a randomized, clinical trial designed to evaluate the efficacy of selenium as selenized yeast (200 microg daily) in preventing the recurrence of nonmelanoma skin cancer among 1312 residents of the Eastern United States. Original secondary analyses through December 31, 1993 showed striking inverse associations between treatment and the incidence of total [hazard ratio (HR) = 0.61, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.46-0.82], lung, prostate, and colorectal cancer and total cancer mortality. This report presents results through February 1, 1996, the end of blinded treatment. Effect modification by baseline characteristics is also evaluated. The effects of treatment overall and within subgroups of baseline age, gender, smoking status, and plasma selenium were examined using incidence rate ratios and Cox proportional hazards models. Selenium supplementation reduced total (HR = 0.75, 95% CI = 0.58-0.97) and prostate (HR = 0.48, 95% CI = 0.28-0....