The enhancement of Neurofeedback with a low cost and easy- to-use NeuroSky EEG biofeedback-training device: The MindReflector Protocols (original) (raw)
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2008
impedance measurement. In this article we present the design of an EEG headset together with the context and vision that motivated us to undertake the described design work. There is a variety of potential advantages and potential difficulties associated with neurofeedback therapy. Both are analyzed informally and we argue in favour of a change in perspective, moving away from treatment of illness towards prevention and giving the user an active and responsible role. To structure the discussion we will deploy the closed loop ...
A Wireless EEG System for Neurofeedback Training
Applied Sciences
This paper presents a mobile, easy-to-maintain wireless electroencephalograph (EEG) system designed for work with children in a school environment. This EEG data acquisition platform is a small-sized, battery-powered system with a high sampling rate that is scalable to different channel numbers. The system was validated in a study of live z-score neurofeedback training for quantitative EEG (zNF-qEEG) for typical-reading children and those with developmental dyslexia (DD). This system reads and controls real-time neurofeedback (zNF) signals, synchronizing visual stimuli (low spatial frequency (LSF) illusions) with the alpha/theta (z-α/θ) score neural oscillations. The NF sessions were applied during discrimination of LSF illusions with different contrasts. Visual feedback was provided with color cues to remodulate neural activity in children with DD and their cognitive abilities. The combined zNF-qEEG and training with different visual magnocellular and parvocellular tasks (VTs) comp...
Review of the therapeutic neurofeedback method using electroencephalography: EEG Neurofeedback
Review of the therapeutic neurofeedback method using electroencephalography: EEG Neurofeedback, 2019
Electroencephalographic neurofeedback (EEG-NFB) represents a broadly used method that involves a real-time EEG signal measurement, immediate data processing with the extraction of the parameter(s) of interest, and feedback to the individual in a real-time. Using such a feedback loop, the individual may gain better control over the neurophysiological parameters, by inducing changes in brain functioning and, consequently, behavior. It is used as a complementary treatment for a variety of neuropsychological disorders and improvement of cognitive capabilities, creativity or relaxation in healthy subjects. In this review, various types of EEG-NFB training are described, including training of slow cortical potentials (SCPs) and frequency and coherence training, with their main results and potential limitations. Furthermore, some general concerns about EEG-NFB methodology are presented, which still need to be addressed by the NFB community. Due to the heterogeneity of research designs in EEG-NFB protocols, clear conclusions on the effectiveness of this method are difficult to draw. Despite that, there seems to be a well-defined path for the EEG-NFB research in the future, opening up possibilities for improvement.
What is Neurofeedback: An Update
Journal of Neurotherapy, 2011
Written to educate both professionals and the general public, this article provides an update and overview of the field of neurofeedback (EEG biofeedback). The process of assessment and neurofeedback training is explained. Then, areas in which neurofeedback is being used as a treatment are identified and a survey of research findings is presented. Potential risks, side effects, and adverse reactions are cited and guidelines provided for selecting a legitimately qualified practitioner.
EEG Biofeedback: An Emerging Model for its Global Efficacy
Introduction to Quantitative EEG and Neurofeedback, 1999
This book chapter covers the theoretical case for the broad range of efficacy of EEG Biofeedback (Neurofeedback) in application to mental dysfunctions, and supplies clinical data in support. Primary focus is on the attentional and behavioral disorders of children and adolescents, but other conditions such as autism, Tourette's, and OCD, are also discussed. The affective domain and Bipolar Disorder are covered as well.
An Exploratory Study of Training Intensity in EEG Neurofeedback
2021
Neurofeedback training has shown benefits in clinical treatment and behavioral performance enhancement. Despite the wide range of applications, no consensus has been reached about the optimal training schedule. In this work, an EEG neurofeedback practical experiment was conducted aimed at investigating the effects of training intensity on the enhancement of the amplitude in the individual upper alpha band. We designed INTENSIVE and SPARSE training modalities, which differed regarding three essential aspects of training intensity: the number of sessions, the duration of a session, and the interval between sessions. Nine participants in the INTENSIVE group completed 4 sessions with 37.5 minutes each during consecutive days, while nine participants in the SPARSE group performed 6 sessions of 25 minutes spread over approximately 3 weeks. As a result, regarding the short-term effects, the upper alpha band amplitude change within sessions did not significantly differ between the two group...
The goal of EEG neurofeedback (EEG-NFB) training is to induce changes in the power of targeted EEG bands to produce beneficial changes in cognitive or motor function. The effectiveness of different EEG-NFB protocols can be measured using two dependent variables: (1) changes in EEG activity and (2) behavioral changes of a targeted function (for therapeutic applications the desired changes should be long-lasting). To firmly establish a causal link between these variables and the selected protocol, similar changes should not be observed when appropriate control paradigms are used. The main objective of this review is to evaluate the evidence, reported in the scientific literature, which supports the validity of various EEG-NFB protocols. Our primary concern is to highlight the role that uncontrolled nonspecific factors can play in the results generated from EEG-NFB studies. Nonspecific factors are often ignored in EEG-NFB designs or the data are not presented, which means conclusions should be interpreted cautiously. As an outcome of this review we present a do's and don'ts list, which can be used to develop future EEG-NFB methodologies, based on the small set of experiments in which the proper control groups have excluded non-EEG-NFB related effects. We found two features which positively correlated with the expected changes in power of the trained EEG band(s): (1) protocols which focused on training a smaller number of frequency bands and (2) a bigger number of electrodes used for neurofeedback training. However, we did not find evidence in support of the positive relationship between power changes of a trained frequency band(s) and specific behavioral effects.