Frequency of consumption of coffee beverages in the city of Mostar and caffeine intake (original) (raw)
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Assessment of intake of caffeine in random population in Riyadh and its levels in some food by HPLC
Emirates Journal of Food and Agriculture, 2009
This study involves 160 Saudi females of a mean age of 23±3.7 years who regularly consumed coffee and soft drinks. The highest percentage of participants were reported to consume less than 300 mg of caffeine daily (42.5%) and the highest level of caffeine consumption (more than 2800 mg/day) was calculated among 7.5% of the participants. The highest percentages of participants consuming caffeine were detected in coffee consumers followed by soft drink consumers (93.75% and 90.63% respectively), while the least percentage was detected in tea consumers (45.63%). The mean of consumed caffeine from coffee was the highest value (1599±416.7) compared with the caffeine content in other foods. In relation to anthropometric measurements, there were no significant correlations between them and the level of caffeine consumption except weight. There was a significant correlation between the decrease in body weight and the increase in amount of caffeine consumed (p<0.05). On the other hand, there was no significant correlation between the hours of sleep and food consumption, and the amount of caffeine consumed (p<0.05). There was, however, a high correlation between the employment status of the participant and the caffeine consumption (p> 0.05).
Analysis of Caffeine Levels in Packaged Coffee in Indonesia
Asian Journal of Health and Applied Sciences
Coffee is a popular and much-loved drink in Indonesian society to relieve drowsiness or increase stamina when working. This is because in coffee, there is an active compound, namely caffeine. Although it has benefits, in fact, caffeine will have a negative impact on the body if consumed in excess. The Indonesian National Standard 01-3542-2004 has determined that the limit value of caffeine content in food and beverages is 0.45–2% w/w. This study aimed to determine the caffeine content of packaged coffee sold in the community using a UV-Vis Spectrophotometer. The results of the analysis showed that 16 of the 20 samples analyzed had caffeine levels in accordance with the provisions of the Indonesian National Standard, while the other 4 samples had caffeine levels above the specified value. Even sample Q has a caffeine content of 7.12% w/w, far above the threshold value. Based on the results of this study, it can be concluded that there are still packaged coffees containing caffeine ab...
Comparative evaluation of caffeine content in Arabian coffee with other caffeine beverages
African Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology
It is well documented that caffeine is the world's most widely consumed drug with its main source found in coffee. In the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA), diabetes and obesity are major health problems. Caffeine is attested as a potential drug for treating obesity, hepatic fibrosis, and preventing or delaying diabetes. The aim of this work is to evaluate the caffeine content of the Arabian coffee in comparison to Turkish coffee and instant coffee, in order to better adjust daily caffeine consumption. All types of coffee were prepared based on traditional ways in KSA. The average consumed coffee per normal person is assumed to be, 6 Arabian, 2 Nescafe or 1 Turkish cups per day. High performance liquid chromatography technique was used for caffeine measurement using paracetamol as an internal standard. Generally, coffee is prepared with other additives, liquid-liquid extraction was used for the extraction caffeine and paracetamol as an internal standard. HPLC method validated was over the range of 1 to 100 μg with good linearity (r²=0.991). Validation data proved that the method is accurate with average of 102%. Caffeine contents of Arabian coffee, Nescafe®, and Turkish coffee were found to be 4.1, 43.4 and 82.8 mg/cup, respectively. One cup of Turkish coffee contains caffeine as much as 2 Nescafe® and 20 Arabian cups. Gold Nescafe® contains about 20% less caffeine than classic. The caffeine content of each type of marketed coffee was accurately measured. An individual Arabian coffee consumer, who is drinking an average of 6 cups/day, can safely increase the number of cups or cup size in order to obtain more caffeine. The other choice for increasing caffeine ingestion is to think of Turkish coffee and/or Nescafe® as a substitute, in order to maintain caffeine at a therapeutic range for better health.
Estimation of Caffeine Concentration in Decaffeinated Coffee and Tea Available in Pakistan
Tea is an agricultural product of the leaves, tea buds and inter-nodes of the Camellia sinensis plant. This study was done to estimate caffeine in different types of decaffeinated tea and coffee brands available in Pakistan's market by High Performance Liquid Chromatography. In this study standard calibration curve of caffeine produced a straight line (R2 = 0.999).. The 0.2% w/v PQC was used and showed retention time of caffeine at 8.665 minutes and IS at 5.337. It was estimated that 0.1807% caffeine present in the positive quality control which provide the mean of the reliability of the performance of the procedure. Total of six brands comprising of 30 decaffeinated samples were selected for the estimation of caffeine. Among all only four (ABS 3, 24, 27 and 28) produced no peak of analyte representing complete decaffeinated product. Possibly, limited sensitivity of instrument may have produced these results but, these are the brands that contain much lesser amount of caffeine as compare to the other brands. Among all 30 decaffeinated samples only (ABS 19) has observed the maximum 0.03% of caffeine and the minimum quantity of caffeine 0.0001% in one sample (ABS 23) was estimated.
Sebha University Journal of Pure & Applied Sciences, 2021
This study aims to determine the caffeine and detection of some other drugs (which has commonly spread and caused suicides in the recent years in El-Bieda city-Libya) in cappuccino, nescafe, cacao and coffee samples using Reversed Phase-High Performance Liquid Chromatography (RP-HPLC). In the presented study, seventeen samples were collected from some Libyan markets. A rapid, simple and reliable extraction method is developed and validated for the determination of caffeine and other drugs in the samples under study using dichloromethan, n-hexane and methanol as the extracting solvents. The method is validated over a wide linear range of 2-10 µg/ml with correlation coefficients being consistently greater than 0.999. The minimum caffeine level was observed in the Nesquik (Cacao), Nestle Italiana S.P.A sample (2.9129 µg/ml), while the Nestla (Nescafe), Asbania sample showed the highest caffeine content (598.5315 µg/ml). The RP-HPLC measurements indicate that the results of caffeine concentrations in samples under study are in the range of 2.9129-598.5315 µg/ml with an average of 221.8630 µg/ml. The measurements by HPLC methods indicate that the samples under study are free from other drugs: (olanzapine, diazepam and alprazolam). The caffeine content in all the samples analyzed in this study are within the allowable limits set by the US Food and Drugs Administration and documented values.
Caffeinated hot beverage consumption and their caffeine contents and health related problems
Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research), 2023
Background: Caffeinated beverages include coffee, tea, hot chocolate, soft drinks, and energy drinks. The main active ingredient in caffeinated beverages is caffeine. Therefore, the aim of the present work was to determine the caffeine contents of the most popular caffeinated hot beverages and their related health problems. Methods: This cross sectional study accrued out a number of café to collect caffeinated hot beverages for determine their caffeine contents by analytical methods. The next second part of this study was done through predesigned questionnaire to study the most consumed beverages and health problems related hot caffeinated beverages consumption. The data was analysis by Chi-square or T test at α<0.05 for statistical differences. Results: The intake volume of one cup of Espesial hot beverages has mean ± SD 87.6±3.7 ml, Espresso 27±7 ml, green tea 138.33±6 ml, red tea 129.3 ± 14 ml, Nescafe 114.33±17ml and coffee 132±34 ml. Similarly, has been estimated for volume intake of homemade hot beverages and found that mean± SD for coffee, cacao and red tea 58.4±6 ml, 61.7±4 ml, and 57.6±7 ml respectively. Green tea contains an averages caffeine 16.5%, red tea 21.9%, cacao 10.4%, Nescafé 32.2%, Expresso 207.3%, Espesial 50.3%, coffee 132.6% and homemade coffee 102.3%. The total volume intake of caffeine based on the type of cup volume purchased form the café shown that the real intake of caffeine in the beverages were as following 23g/138.33 ml drinkable green tea, 28.5g/129.3 ml drinkable red tea, 6.5g/61.7 ml drinkable cacao, 29g/129.3 ml drinkable Nescafe, 56g/27 ml drinkable Expresso, 44g/87.6 ml drinkable Espesial, 175g/132ml drinkable coffee and 60g/58.4 ml drinkable homemade coffee. This result further shown that, highest caffeine intake was found in Expresso (56g/27 ml), coffee (175g/132ml) and homemade coffee (60g/58.4 ml) while the other hot beverage have least amount of caffeine was that cacao 6.5g/61.7ml, and almost similar amounts of caffeine found in green tea, red tea and Nescafe (about 29g/130 ml for each) and the moderate levels of caffeine found in Expresso, 44g/87.6 ml. The symptoms and complication have been reported by one third of the participants were insomnia, nervousness, headache. The positive effect of caffeine intake reported was improved in mood. Conclusion: The present study revealed that, some caffeinated hot beverages contain higher amounts of caffeine and the people should be aware for such products to avoid the negative or positive effect of caffeine.
Research Paper, 2020
Caffeine is a naturally found in leaves, seeds or fruits of over 63 plants species worldwide and most common sources are coffee, cocoa beans, cola nuts and tea leaves. Caffeine is a pharmacologically active substance and depending on dose, can be mild CNS stimulant, improve cardiac performance, increase heartbeat rate, and increase brain circulation. An excessive intake of caffeine in some persons appears to augment sensitivity of heart to emotional, increase the incidence of extra systoles and other arrhythmias. For healthy adults, USFDA has cited 400 mg/day-as an amount not generally associated with negative health effects. The objective of this study was to determine caffeine content in different brands of pure coffee, instant coffee and tea available in Naypyitaw market. Pure coffee, instant coffee and tea samples of fourteen different brands collected from retail shops in Naypyitaw were coded into C1-C14. HPLC condition for caffeine was achieved on VP-ODS (C18) column with mobile phase consisting of methanol: water (50:50 % v/v) at a flow rate of 1mL/min and UV detection at 254 nm. Linearity of method was check from 6.25-100ppm and correlation coefficient was 0.9999. The caffeine contents in pure coffee samples were 2.74±0.111 mg/g (C1), 0.87±0.003 mg/g (C2), 3.64±1.39 mg/g (C3), 5.26±0.07 mg/g (C4) and 3.03±0.004 mg/g (C5). The caffeine contents in instant coffee samples were 0.28±0.003 mg/g (C6), 0.24±0.002 mg/g (C7), 0.4±0.009 mg/g (C8) and 0.31±0.008 mg/g (C9). The caffeine contents in tea samples were 0.93±0.014 mg/g (C10), 0.92±0.002 mg/g (C11), 0.29±0.001 mg/g (C12), 0.79±0.004 mg/g (C13) and 0.63±0.002 mg/g (C14). The findings showed pure coffee has highest caffeine content followed by tea and instant coffee. The consumer should drink not more than USFDA recommended caffeine level (400mg/day) especially in pure coffee drinker.
Estimation of Caffeine Intake from Coffee Made From Mixture of Coffee Leaf and Spices
Science, Technology and Arts Research Journal, 2016
Coffee prepared from mixture of coffee leaf and spices (practiced commonly in the south western part of the southern nations, nationalities and peoples region (Kaffa, Sheka and Bench-Maji zones) in Ethiopia. One purpose of drinking CCLS, as believed by the people in the region, is for the sake of central nervous system stimulation. This study was intended to determine the caffeine content of the drink prepared by three different processes (Roasted, Raw and Mejengir types) in the specified spectrophotometry using water and chloroform as solvents for extraction evaluated the amount of caffeine intake from this drink by the indigenous people in the region The caffeine content was found to be in the range between 1030.76 ± 61.29 to 1459.10 ± 29.55 and 1157.28 ± 34.96 to 1566.16 ± 35.02 mg/L used for extraction. The caffeine content value of the Roasted type was difference was statistically insignificant (P>0.05) with that of the Mejengir type in both solvents. This study results could therefore justify the perception of the society in using the drink for stimulatory purposes. However, the CCLS consumption and therby the caffeine intake custom in the region brought the caffeine content > 340 amount that would affect the health condition of the people in the region.
Determination of Caffeine in Some Sudanese Beverages by High Performance Liquid Chromatography
Pakistan Journal of Nutrition, 2012
Simple High Performance Liquid Chromatographic (HPLC) method was validated for determination of the content levels caffeine in 15 different beverage samples commercially available in Sudan local markets. Shim-pack VP-ODS column was used with methanol: water (30:70)% (v/v) eluent. The detector wavelength was set at 270 nm. Linearity of the method was check from 10-100 ppm and the correlation coefficient was 0.9999. The method detection limit was 0.023 ppm and the precision was 1.25% at 40 ppm caffeine concentration.. the spiked recoveries for caffeine were 99%, 105%, 99.2%, 102% and 102% in Pepsi Cola, Coca Cola, Red Bull, Gazaltain black tea and Coffee samples respectively. The caffeine contents in tea samples ranged from 440 ppm to 473 ppm with average concentration of 458.6 ppm. The caffeine concentrations in energy drinks samples ranged from 170.6 ppm to 324 ppm with average concentration of 255.6 ppm. The coffee sample contains 252.4 ppm. The carbonated soft drinks showed caffeine content in the range of 32.4 ppm to 133.3 ppm with average concentration of 96 ppm. In addition, the concentrations of caffeine have been converted into the daily intake doses based on beverages consumption. The mean values of caffeine daily intakes were 183 mg, 101 mg, 64 mg and 38 mg through the ingestion of tea, coffee, energy drinks and soft drinks, respectively.