Composition and properties of bovine milk: A study from dairy farms in northern Sweden; Part I. Effect of dairy farming system (original) (raw)
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Influence of different dairy farming systems on milk quality and production
2018
During 2011, the impacts of two different dairy cow management systems (pastureconfinement and confinement-only), season and lactation on milk production and animal health was observed. Milk production and quality was estimated on the basis of the following parameters: daily production, fat content, protein, lactose, solids non-fat, somatic cells, indices of fat and protein, and the amount of urea in milk. Cattle raised in the pasture-confinement system (Farm 1) produced a significantly greater amount of milk than cows housed in a barn all year around (Farm 2). At Farm 1, milk yield was highest in summer, while on the Farm 2, it was highest in autumn. The content of milk fat, protein and non-fat dry matter was higher when milk production was lower (autumn) and vice versa. The content of milk fat and protein was lowest during summer. Significant differences between the two systems were also observed in the concentration of urea in milk. In the pasture-confinement system, the amount o...
Bulletin of University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca. Animal Science and Biotechnologies, 2011
The present research aimed at evaluating the quality of milk in terms of nutrition, in terms of protein, fat, lactose, SUT and technological quality: NCS/ml milk samples taken from cows milk from 24 farms whose maintenance system is free, and the relationship between these parameters. Number of dairy cows from farms varies between 22 heads (F14, F16) and 63 heads (F5). Protein value of milk samples (420) have variable average: 3.12±0.02-3.29±0.06, and for fat parameter most samples belong to interval class 4.4.1% interval (165 samples) followed by those with values between 3.5 and 3.9% (145 samples). Report fat/protein is good at the 23 farms, from 1.2 to 1.33 and slightly lower for farm F18 (1.19). Lactose has averaged between: 4.79±0.18-5.14±0.02 and total dry matter (SUT): 11.95 (F4) and 12.72 (F3). The number of individual samples analyzed somatic cells present averages/farm between 216±19.79 (F11)-411.5±9.19 (F20) and a rate of 2 to 7% incidence of mastitis is present in the fa...
Milk composition of Holstein cows: a retrospective study
Ciência Rural
ABSTRACT: Worldwide, milk analysis is an satisfactory measurement of milk quality on dairy farms. Milk composition is the base for payment systems, so knowledge of its characteristics at different periods is essential for modern dairy producer. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effects of year, season, stage of lactation, and lactation number on variations in milk yield and composition of Holstein cows (n=148,604). Milk yield estimated by multiple regression was 25,50L/cow/day. Winter was the season with the highest milk yield and the highest protein and lactose content. Milk fat was highest in the fall, in cows in late lactation and also in primiparous cows. Lactating cows from 6 to 60 days in lactation and those in 2nd or 3rd lactation showed the highest milk yield. Lactose concentration was positively correlated with milk yield. Somatic cell score was negatively correlated with milk yield and with lactose concentration. Most important variations in milk characteristics occ...
Factors affecting raw milk quality of dairy cows under practical conditions
Potravinarstvo Slovak Journal of Food Sciences
Under the practical conditions, it is important to evaluate the factors affecting milk performance. Data from test day yield and milk components should be useful for such evaluation. The aim of the experiment was to study the effect of season, udder health (by somatic cell counts SCC), parity, stage of lactation on milk production, milk components, and SCC under the practical conditions. Also, the frequency of incidence of high SCC during the season was observed. The experiment was realized on one dairy farm in dairy practice. The experiment lasted from December 2015 to October 2017. We examined 481 Holstein dairy cows (6910 milk samples). Milk samples were collected once per month – performed by recording test day. Only cows with 9 – 11 test days were evaluated. The effect of season, parity, stage of lactation, and SCC influenced most of the studied traits. The milk yield was highest at 2nd lactation. In the following lactations, the milk yields were decreasing. The SCC significant...
Relation between bovine milk quality, production volume, and environmental variables in dairy farms
Enciclopédia Biosfera, 2019
The objective of this study was to evaluate the relation between dairy farms with different volumes of milk production (L milk/day) and milk quality in the Western region of Santa Catarina State, as well as to identify environmental characteristics that could be associated with milk quality. Twenty-nine dairy farms were surveyed and categorized into three groups according to the volume of milk produced daily: S1, less than 200 L/day; S2, from 201 to 500 L/day; and S3, more than 500 L/day. Milk samples were collected from the bulk tank and analyzed for fat, protein, and lactose, somatic cell count (SCC), and total bacterial count (TBC). A questionnaire was applied to dairy farmers in order to obtain a set of twenty explanatory variables that may influence milk quality such as farmer profile, farm structure, and management. Outcome variables were evaluated by Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Redundancy Analysis (RA). Low values of SCC, TBC and fat content were found to be strongly associated with greater volumes of production (S3). Type of milking and feeding program were the variables that most interfered with milk quality, followed by the average production per cow and type of grazing.
Multivariate analysis of lactose content in milk of Holstein and Jersey cows1
Semina: Ciências Agrárias, 2016
This study evaluated the factors influencing the variation in the lactose content of milk in Holstein and Jersey herds in Santa Catarina, southern Brazil, using multivariate analysis. Data from 73 dairy herds in the Dairy Herds Improvement Program of the State of Santa Catarina were provided by the Santa Catarina Association of Cattle Breeders (ACCB). A total of 46,242 monthly records of Holstein and Jersey (59 and 41 % of the total records, respectively) cows from 2009 to 2012 were analyzed using multiple correspondence, factor, and cluster analyses. Lactose content was observed to correlate with somatic cell count and parity, whereas the evaluated breeds, as well as the production and concentrations of fat and protein in the milk, were not associated with the lactose content. The cows were categorized into three groups, the first consisting of cows of both breeds with low lactose content (4.19), high somatic cell score (5.82), and higher parity (2.50), contrasting with two other g...
The effect of the farm size on milk traits of cows
Biotechnology in Animal Husbandry, 2011
Objective of this study was to analyze the effect of the dairy farm on milk traits of cows in Vojvodina. The research was carried out on small farms with 10 to 20 cows, medium farms with 20 to 50 cows, and large farms with over 50 dairy cows. The study included registered animals of Simmental (SM) and Holstein-Friesian breed (HF; including Red Holstein) in the first lactation for traits of milk yield and yield and content of milk fat. Total of 1323 first lactations were analyzed. The average milk yield (both breeds) in the first lactation of 305 days was 6295 kg of milk with 234,3 kg of milk fat and average milk fat content of 3,74%. Milk performance of cows varied significantly (CV=22,9% and SD=1447,8), as well as milk fat yield (CV=21,6% and SD=50,8). Large farms produced in average 6534 kg of milk, medium farms 6347kg and small farms 4717kg. Size of the farm exhibited significantly high effect on all observed traits, and the tendency was that farms with higher number of animals r...