Antimicrobial Activity of Aristolochia tagala Cham. Centella asiatica Linn. Houttuynia cordata Thunb. on Multi- drug Resistant Clinical Isolates (original) (raw)
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IOSR Journals , 2019
The misuse of antibiotics leads to the spread of resistant bacteria, which cause serious health problems. The search for new antibiotics is urgent. Secondary products of different plants showed inhibitory effects to different bacterial pathogens. All the tested bacteria were from the reference strains. Abutilon pannosum, Salvadora persica and Matricaria chamomilla were collected and extracted with either water or methanol. Their antimicrobial activities were determined using agar well diffusion method and compared to control. The water extracts and the methanol extracts of the tested plant materials were the most active compared to the ethanol extracts. No Activity or very weak activities were recorded for petroleum ether, diethyl ether, acetone and benzene. Water extract of A. pannosum showed excellent activity against Escherichia coli and Enterococcus faecalis, with MIC ranged from 20-25 mg/ml while the maximum activity of Salvadora persica was against Salmonella enterica and Pseudomonas earuginosa. On contrast, the maximum activity of M. chamomilla water extract was against Proteus mirabilis ATCC 43071 and P. mirabilis ATCC 12153 (MIC 30 mg/ml). No toxicity or antitumor activities were detected for the three active water extracts of the three tested plants. The presence of some secondary products in the three tested plant extracts was also evaluated. In conclusion, the water extracts of the three tested plants can be used to treat different bacterial pathogens with no toxicity.
Antibacterial activity of important medicinal plants on human pathogenic bacteria
2015
The resistance of pathogenic bacterial strains to antibiotics is the major burning issue around the world. To minimize the strain resistance to antibiotic local medicinal plant were selected. The leaves of medicinal plants (Ajuga bracteosa Benth, Calotropis procera and Zizyphus sativa Geartn) were collected and antibacterial activity was examined through agar well diffusion method. The crude extracts were obtained by using methanol and n-hexane as the extraction solvent. Three concentrations (100 mg/ml, 50 mg/ml, and 25 mg/ml) were used to check the antibacterial activity of plant extracts. Each plant sample was tested against two Gram-positive (Bacillus cereus, Bacillus subtilis) and three Gram-negative (Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Salmonella typhi) bacteria. The methanol extracts showed better activity against all the tested bacterial strains, except Zizyphus sativa Geartn showed inactive against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Salmonella typhi. The nhexane extracts sh...
BioMed Research International, 2015
The worldwide increase of multidrug resistance in both community-and health-care associated bacterial infections has impaired the current antimicrobial therapy, warranting the search for other alternatives. We aimed to find the in vitro antibacterial activity of ethanolic extracts of 16 different traditionally used medicinal plants of Nepal against 13 clinical and 2 reference bacterial species using microbroth dilution method. The evaluated plants species were found to exert a range of in vitro growth inhibitory action against the tested bacterial species, and Cynodon dactylon was found to exhibit moderate inhibitory action against 13 bacterial species including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, imipenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa, multidrug-resistant Salmonella typhi, and S. typhimurium. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of tested ethanolic extracts were found from 31 to >25,000 g/mL. Notably, ethanolic extracts of Cinnamomum camphora, Curculigo orchioides, and Curcuma longa exhibited the highest antibacterial activity against S. pyogenes with a MIC of 49, 49, and 195 g/mL, respectively; whereas chloroform fraction of Cynodon dactylon exhibited best antibacterial activity against S. aureus with a MIC of 31 g/mL. Among all, C. dactylon, C. camphora, C. orchioides, and C. longa plant extracts displayed a potential antibacterial activity of MIC < 100 g/mL.
International Journal of Research in Pharmacy and Science, 2018
Phytochemicals are mainly divided into groups like secondary and primary constituents on the basis of their metabolic function in plants. Primary constituents contain amino acid, proteins chlorophyll, and common sugars whereas secondary constituents contain saponins, alkaloids, terpenoids, phenolic compounds, flavonoids, tannins.The subsequent method was used for the determination of antimicrobial activity. Oxalis corniculata ethanolic extract were 17.5±2.5, 19 ± 0.5 and 15 ± 0.1 against the fungus, (C. albican) Gram positive bacterium (S. aureus) and negative bacterium (E. coli), respectively. Rumex dentatus extract in the same solvent made the 22±0.2, 18± 0.1 and 18±0.1 mm zones of inhibition against the fungus (C. albicans) Gram positive bacterium (S. aureus) and negative bacterium (E. coli), respectively. In addition to this, the extract Tagetes minuta made the 22±0.2, 20±0.2 and 18±0.2 mm zones of inhibition against the fungus (C. albicans) Gram positive bacterium (B. subtilis) and negative bacterium (E. coli), respectively. In other words, the order of inhibitory potential was Cichorium intybus > Medicago sativa > Tagetes minuta > Rumex dentatus >Oxalis corniculata. Ethanolic extract was more effective followed by methanolic, ethyl acetate, hexane and aqueous extracts. Ethanol was more effective followed by methanol, ethyl acetate, hexane and aqueous extracts. Gram positive bacteria were more resistant followed by Gram negative bacteria and fungi
Antibacterial activity of ethanolic extracts of selected medicinal plants against human pathogens
2011
Helicobacter pylori is one of the most common human infectious bacteria. The infection is highly associated with a number of the most important disease of the upper gastrointestinal tract, including gastritis, duodenitis, peptic ulceration, and gastric cancer. In addition, widespread use of antimicrobial agents has resulted in the development of antibiotic resistance. Metabolites of plants, particularly higher plants, have been suggested as alternative potential sources for antibacterial products due to their safe. This study aimed to evaluate antibacterial activities of crude ethanolic extracts of seventeen Vietnamese medicinal plants toward one reference strain and three clinical isolates of Helicobacter pylori using broth micro-dilution bioassay. The antibacterial activities of these extracts were also compared with those of seven antibiotics, amoxicillin, clarithromycin, erythromycin, levofloxacin, azithromycin, tetracycline, and metronidazole. The extracts of Ampelopsis cantoniensis and Cleistocalyx operculatus showed highest antibacterial activity with MIC (MBC) values of 0.31-0.97 (2.5-5) mg/mL, followed by the extracts of Hedyotis diffusa and Ardisia silvestris with MIC (MBC) values of 1.04-1.94 (7.5-10) mg/mL. The remaining plant extracts exhibited moderate, low and very low or no active to the H. pylori strains. Further studies are needed to determine the active compounds from the extracts that showed high antibacterial activity against H. pylori.
Antibacterial Evaluation of Some Plant Extracts Against Some Human Pathogenic Bacteria
The aqueous, different solvent extracts and isolated constituents of eight higher medicinal plants viz., Argemone mexicana, Caesalpinia coriaria, Decalepis hamiltonii, Euphorbia tirucalli, Leucas aspera, Phyllanthus amarus, Phyllanthus niruri, Tinospora cordifolia and Tribulus terrestris were screened in vitro for antibacterial activity by cup diffusion method against eleven human pathogenic bacteria. Caesalpinia coriaria (Jacq.) Willd. (Caesalpinaceae) recorded significant antibacterial activity against all the test bacteria. The Minimal Inhibitory concentration (MIC) value of the aqueous extract of leaves and pod of C. coriaria for the test bacteria ranged between 2 to 10 mg/ml and 0.5 to 4 mg/ml, respectively. Similarly the MIC value of the methanol extracts of leaves and pod of C. coriaria for the test bacteria varied between 0.5to 4 mg/ml and 0.5 to 4 mg/ml, respectively depending on the bacterial species. Phytochemical analysis of leaf and pod materials revealed that the antibacterial activity is due to presence of acidic and phenolic fractions. Further separation of active fraction resulted in the loss of antibacterial activity, indicating a synergistic effect of the isolated active fraction. Comparison of the inhibitory activity with the antibiotics Gentamicin and Streptomycin revealed that methanol extract of both leaf and pod and aqueous pod extracts were significantly higher than that of the antibiotics tested. The results suggest that C. coriaria is a potential candidate plant for further exploitation in medical microbiology.
Evaluation of Antibacterial Activities of Medicinal Plants
Nepal Journal of Science and Technology, 2013
Plant and plant products are used as medicine from the beginning of human civilization. This study compares the antibacterial activity of crude hexane, ethylacetate and methanol extracts of nine different medicinal plants used in traditional Nepalese medicine, tested against 10 species of bacteria: Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923), Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922), Klebsiella pneumoniae (ATCC 20063), Klebsiella oxytoca, Proteus mirabilis (ATCC 49132), Proteus vulgaris, Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 27853), Salmonella typhi, Salmonella paratyphi and Shigella dysenteriae by agar well diffusion method. The selected parts of these medicinal plants namely Acorus calamus (Rhizome), Aegle marmelos (Fruit), Asparagus racemosus (Tuberous root), Mimosa pudica (Root), Terminalia bellirica (Fruit), Terminalia chebula (Fruit), Tinospora cordifolia (Stem), Woodfordia fruticosa (Flower) and Holarrhena antidysenterica (Seed) were taken for study.The result showed that out of nine tested plants, four plant extracts (44%) showed activity against at least five or more tested bacteria and five plant extracts (56%) were active against three or less than three bacteria. None of the tested plant extracts was active against all the tested bacteria. A. racemosus was the least effective against bacterial species. S. aureus was the most susceptible bacteria being sensitive to 18 extracts from 9 medicinal plants. P. vulgaris was the most resistant bacteria being resistant to all selective plants. The MBC value ranges from 3.12 mg/ml to >50 mg/ml. Lowest MBC was shown by ethylacetate extract of T. bellirica against E. coli and ethylacetate extract of W. fruticosa against S. dysenteriae. Largest ZOI (31 mm) was produced by ethylacetate extract of T. bellirica.
Antimicrobial Activity of Natural Plant Extracts Against Five Bacterial Species
Journal of the Arizona-Nevada Academy of Science, 2008
In vitro antibacterial activity of herbal products commonly used by the Mexican-American community was analyzed in this study. Traditional uses for these herbal products include general tonics and over-the-counter medications used to treat specific conditions or diseases. The present study examined the antibacterial activity of 74 herbal products using the disk diffusion method as part of the process of understanding the chemistry, toxicity and efficacy of these plant products. Ethanol extracts of the herbs were examined using a standard antimicrobial disk diffusion method. Extracts were tested against both Gram positive (Bacillus subtilis, Micrococcus luteus, and Staphylococcus aureus) and Gram negative (Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) bacteria. This present pilot study data with herbal products from Phoenix resulted in 4 plants being active against Staphylococcus aureus and 1 active against Pseudomonas aeruginosa out of the 74 plants tested. These results served to validate our procedures and indicate the need for the present study. Implications of these results for bioactivity and drug discovery potential of herbal products are discussed. This study serves as basis for further research on these herbs.
The antimicrobial activity of plant extracts and phytochemicals was evaluated with antibiotic susceptible and resistant microorganisms. In addition, the possible synergistic effects when associated with antibiotics were studied. Extracts from the following plants were utilized: Achillea millifolium (yarrow), Caryophyllus aromaticus (clove), Melissa offficinalis (lemon-balm), Ocimun basilucum (basil), Psidium guajava (guava), Punica granatum (pomegranate), Rosmarinus officinalis (rosemary), Salvia officinalis (sage), Syzygyum joabolanum (jambolan) and Thymus vulgaris (thyme). The phytochemicals benzoic acid, cinnamic acid, eugenol and farnesol were also utilized. The highest antimicrobial potentials were observed for the extracts of Caryophyllus aromaticus and Syzygyum joabolanum, which inhibited 64.2 and 57.1% of the tested microorganisms, respectively, with higher activity against antibiotic-resistant bacteria (83.3%). Sage and yarrow extracts did not present any antimicrobial activity. Association of antibiotics and plant extracts showed synergistic antibacterial activity against antibiotic-resistant bacteria. The results obtained with Pseudomonas aeruginosa was particularly interesting, since it was inhibited by clove, jambolan, pomegranate and thyme extracts. This inhibition was observed with the individual extracts and when they were used in lower concentrations with ineffective antibiotics.