Optical Investigation on Diesel Engine Fuelled by Vegetable Oils (original) (raw)
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Optical Research on the Fuel Injection Into a Diesel Engine for Diesel Fuel, Rme and Rape Oil
Journal of KONES. Powertrain and Transport, 2012
The paper presents the results of the research on the influence of diesel fuel, rape oil methyl esters and rape oil on the evolution of the jet, velocity of the jet front and the atomization/spraying apex angle versus the crank angle of the engine. Measuring was performed using a single-cylinder Diesel engine with direct fuel injection and the apparatus AVL Engine VideoScope. It was found that physical and chemical parameters diversifying the tested fuels significantly influence the parameters of the sprayed fuel jet. It applied mainly to the increase of the fuel atomization apex angle for the fuels of high viscosity as compared with diesel fuel and to different course of the range and velocity of the jet front versus the engine crank angle. Large and heavy drops of vegetable oil have initially higher velocity than for diesel fuel. However, very soon, the velocity of rape oil jet front decreases to a lower value than for the petroleum fuel. From the visualisation process we can observed real start of injection and combustion processes. From these measure-delay of self-combustion in diesel engine. Delay of self-combustion for natural rapeseed oil is shorter than for standard diesel fuel. As a result of this fact, we can observe in next research lower combustion dynamic, lower max. combustion temperature and lower concentration of NOx in exhaust gases. A change of the organization of the injection process of tested fuels can bring on differences in the combustion course.
Energy, 2014
This work evaluates the influence of properties of various common bio-fuels on the combustion, performance and exhaust emissions of an experimental, single-cylinder, four-stroke, high-speed, DI (direct injection) 'Hydra' diesel engine operated at three different loads. Various blends of diesel fuel with either vegetable oil of cottonseed or its derived (methyl ester) bio-diesel, or ethanol, or n-butanol, or diethyl ether were investigated. Fuel consumption, exhaust gas temperature, and exhaust smoke, NO x (nitrogen oxides), CO (carbon monoxide) and total unburned HC (hydrocarbons) were measured. The differences in combustion, performance and exhaust emissions of those bio-fuels blends from the baseline operation of the diesel engine (with neat diesel fuel) and among themselves are compared. Fuel injection, combustion chamber pressure, and HRR (heat release rate) diagrams reveal interesting features of the combustion mechanisms. These results and the different physical and chemical properties of those bio-fuels are used to aid the interpretation of the observed engine behavior. With increasing percentage of all bio-fuels in the blends, significant reduction of smoke opacity is observed with the exception of the vegetable oil case, reduction of NO x , and mixed behavior for the CO and HC emissions against the corresponding neat diesel fuel case.
2011
This paper presents an evaluated of performance and exhaust emissions of direct injection of diesel engine using Vegetable Oil and its blend with ordinary diesel fuel separately. The objective of this study is to investigate the characteristic of exhaust emissions of vegetable oil by variable of engine speed. This experimental investigation was conducted with diesel engine type TF120 YANMAR setup at variable engine speed from 1200 rpm until 2400 rpm with constant engine load. The emission of nitrogen oxides (NO x) from vegetable oil and its blend are lower than that of pure diesel fuel. However, measurement of fuel consumption at different engine speeds has generally indicated increase in fuel consumption by rate 4% compare to the diesel oil. This was attributed to the lower calorific value of vegetable oil compare to diesel fuel.
Studies on Usage of Straight Vegetable oils as Fuel for Diesel Engines
2007
The increasing industrialization and motorization of the world has led to a steep rise in the demand of fossil fuel and associated environmental issues. Fossil fuels are obtained from limited reserves and will run out eventually. Therefore renewable and environmental-friendly energy substitutes such as bio fuels as well as fuel efficiency improving methods are required. As bio fuel prices are currently higher than fossil fuels, this project aims to use unrefined rapeseed oil; one of the cheapest bio fuel available to bench mark its performance against the diesel. In order to investigate new method of fuel efficiency, the project also investigates and conducted a verification experiment for into a commercially supplied electronic device claiming to provide fuel saving of up to 25%. Emission characteristics and engine performance such as specific fuel consumption and thermal efficiency from these fuels were investigated in engine experiments conducted in the Newcastle University Jones Engine Laboratory in accordance to the ISO 8178 test standards. The test engine used is a constant speed VOLVO PENTA TAD1240GE Generator Engine. The engine was operated smoothly for two hours on unrefined straight rapeseed oil and demonstrates the possibility of using vegetable oils as fuel for an unmodified direct injection diesel engine. Specific NOx emission and specific fuel consumption were found to be increased with reference to diesel while Carbon Dioxide and Unburned Hydrocarbon emission levels were reduced.
Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science, 2010
In order to understand the effect of both the new homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI) combustion process and the use of biofuel, optical measurements were carried out into a transparent CR diesel engine. Rape seed methyl ester was used and tests with several injection pressures were performed. OH and HCO radical were detected and their evolutions were analyzed during the whole combustion. Moreover, soot concentration was measured by means the two colour pyrometry method. The reduction of particulate emission with biodiesel as compared to the diesel fuel was noted. Moreover, this effect resulted higher increasing the injection pressure. In the case of RME the oxidation of soot depends mainly from O 2 content of fuel and OH is responsible of the NO formation in the chamber as it was observed for NO x exhaust emission. Moreover, it was investigated the evolution of HCO and CO into the cylinder. HCO was detected at the start of combustion. During the combustion, HCO oxidizes due to the increasing temperature and it produces CO. Both fuels have similar trend, the highest concentrations are detected for low injection pressure. This effect is more evident for the RME fuel.
Engenharia Agrícola, 2017
With the rise of restrictions imposed by law for gases emission, several technologies both for petrodiesel (PD) or diesel engines are been applied, such as the sulfur reduction and the injection electronic command, followed of gases recirculation and/or after-treatment. The utilization of biofuels is considered as an interesting option for pollutants reduction. In this study was evaluated the performance on short duration tests (minor period than the factory indication of the lubricant lifespan) of the Diesel engine fueled with four vegetable oils. With the aim to select the most interesting oils for future evaluations in long duration tests. The analyzed variables were fuel consumption, power relative loss and opacity, for oils of linseed, crambe, rapseed, jatropha , with 100 °C preheating and engine work temperature (60 °C) comparing those with the PD. It was verified that the vegetable oils, on average, present a lower consumption than the PD for the cases of working without load, however with load, they presented higher consumption. In addiction were observed that the oils show a higher relative power loss in relation of PD and provides lower emission of particulate matter. Crambe and canola presented the best performance among the evaluated oils.
Energy Conversion and Management, 2006
An extended experimental study is conducted to evaluate and compare the use of various Diesel fuel supplements at blend ratios of 10/90 and 20/80, in a standard, fully instrumented, four stroke, direct injection (DI), Ricardo/Cussons 'Hydra' Diesel engine located at the authors' laboratory. More specifically, a high variety of vegetable oils or bio-diesels of various origins are tested as supplements, i.e. cottonseed oil, soybean oil, sunflower oil and their corresponding methyl esters, as well as rapeseed oil methyl ester, palm oil methyl ester, corn oil and olive kernel oil. The series of tests are conducted using each of the above fuel blends, with the engine working at a speed of 2000 rpm and at a medium and high load. In each test, volumetric fuel consumption, exhaust smokiness and exhaust regulated gas emissions such as nitrogen oxides (NO x ), carbon monoxide (CO) and total unburned hydrocarbons (HC) are measured. From the first measurement, specific fuel consumption and brake thermal efficiency are computed. The differences in the measured performance and exhaust emission parameters from the baseline operation of the engine, i.e. when working with neat Diesel fuel, are determined and compared. This comparison is extended between the use of the vegetable oil blends and the bio-diesel blends. Theoretical aspects of Diesel engine combustion, combined with the widely differing physical and chemical properties of these Diesel fuel supplements against the normal Diesel fuel, are used to aid the correct interpretation of the observed engine behavior.
Biodiesel Soot Incandescence and NO Emission Studied in an Optical Engine
High-speed imaging and thermodynamical characterization are applied to an optically accessible, heavy-duty diesel engine in order to compare soot incandescence and NO emission behaviour of four bioderived fuels: rapeseedmethylester, Jatropha oil (pure), Jatropha-methylester and a 50/50 blend of cyclohexanone with a Fischer-Tropsch synthetic fuel. Regular diesel fuel is used as a reference. Soot incandescence is observed at 0.3° crank angle resolution (200 images/cycle). The heat release rate and exhaust NO concentrations are used as indicators of average and peak temperatures, respectively, which are combined with soot incandescence signal to get a relative measure for a fuel's sooting propensity.
Renewable Energy, 2008
The use of vegetable oils as a fuel in diesel engines causes some problems due to their high viscosity compared with conventional diesel fuel. Various techniques and methods are used to solve the problems resulting from high viscosity. One of these techniques is fuel blending. In this study, a blend of 50% sesame oil and 50% diesel fuel was used as an alternative fuel in a direct injection diesel engine. Engine performance and exhaust emissions were investigated and compared with the ordinary diesel fuel in a diesel engine. The experimental results show that the engine power and torque of the mixture of sesame oil-diesel fuel are close to the values obtained from diesel fuel and the amounts of exhaust emissions are lower than those of diesel fuel. Hence, it is seen that blend of sesame oil and diesel fuel can be used as an alternative fuel successfully in a diesel engine without any modification and also it is an environmental friendly fuel in terms of emission parameters. r