Frequency of undiagnosed diabetes mellitus in patients with vaginal candidiasis (original) (raw)
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Frequency of Vaginal Candida in Diabetes Patients -Overview
2022
Aim/objective: The aim of the article is to identify the frequency and prevalence of vaginal candida in diabetes patients. Background: Rising blood sugar levels in patients increase the risk of various diseases and increase health problems. Possible long-term effects include damage to the macrovascular and microvascular vessels, which can lead to vascular diseases, including heart attack, stroke, and problems with the kidneys, eyes, gums, legs, and nerves. In addition to vascular damage, diabetes causes bacterial and fungal infections, among which we often find infection caused by Candida. Fungal disease of the genitals is one of the most common pathologies today, the development of which can be facilitated by both external-exogenous and internal-endogenous factors. Design and Methods: The article is based on secondary research and is limited to descriptive analysis. Results and Conclusions: Increased blood sugar levels as a result of diabetes affect the whole body and not just the blood. Elevated blood sugar appears in the mucous membranes of the vagina and vulva, so they are an excellent means of cultivating yeast. Properly managed diabetes is the only correct way to prevent recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis.
Prevalence of Vulvo-Vaginal Candidiasis in Diabetic and Non-diabetic Pregnant Females
2018
Aim: To determine the prevalence of vulvo-vaginal candidiasis (VVC) in diabetic and non-diabetic pregnant females. Design: Cross-sectional Survey Place & duration of study: Outpatient department, Akhter Saeed Trust Hospital, EME Sector, Lahore from July 2016 to June 2017. Methods: A total of 300 patients were selected from outpatient obstetrics clinic and divided into two groups: Group A having diabetic patients and Group B having non-diabetic patients. Sterile speculum examination was done and vaginal specimens were collected with sterile cotton swabs. Glycated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) was done in all diabetic patients to check their glycemic control. Results: Mean age in each group was similar. No difference in terms of multi parity was noted (p> 0.05) among the two groups and majority were already pregnant 2 or 3 times prior to the current pregnancy. At the time of the study majority of the patients were in the second trimester in group B and third trimester in Group A. No diffe...
Sao Paulo Medical Journal, 2014
CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE: Vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) is caused by abnormal growth of yeast-like fungi on the female genital tract mucosa. Patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) are more susceptible to fungal infections, including those caused by species of Candida. The present study investigated the frequency of total isolation of vaginal Candida spp., and its different clinical profiles - colonization, VVC and recurrent VVC (RVVC) - in women with DM type 2, compared with non-diabetic women. The cure rate using fluconazole treatment was also evaluated. DESIGN AND SETTING: Cross-sectional study conducted in the public healthcare system of Maringá, Paraná, Brazil. METHODS: The study involved 717 women aged 17-74 years, of whom 48 (6.7%) had DM type 2 (mean age: 53.7 years), regardless of signs and symptoms of VVC. The yeasts were isolated and identified using classical phenotypic methods. RESULTS: In the non-diabetic group (controls), total vaginal yeast isolation occurred in 79 (11.8%...
Vaginal Candidiasis-The Known Opportunistic Fiend in Developing Countries
Background-Vaginal yeast infections, also known as candidiasis, are a common female condition. A healthy vagina has bacteria and some yeast cells,but when the balance of bacteria and yeast changes, the yeast cells can multiply. This causes intense itching, swelling, and irritation. Treating a vaginal yeast infection can relieve symptoms within a few days. In more severe cases, it may take up to two weeks. Vaginal yeast infections aren't considered a sexually transmitted infection (STI). Sexual contact can spread it, but women who aren't sexually active can also get them. Aims and Objectives-To study the prevalence of candidiasis in Gwalior, role of cervicovaginal smear examination in it's diagnosis and spectrum of disease in various age groups. Methodology-This is a retrospective study. A total number of 5000 cervicovaginal smear which were reported in Department Of Pathology, G.R Medical College Gwalior, were included in the study. The data of cervicovaginal smear examination reported were retrieved, compiled and analyzed. Results and Conclusions-Out of 5000 cervicovaginal smears examined, 280 (5.6%) females were positive for candidiasis, with highest incidence found in women aged between 21-30 years (37.5%). Cervicovaginal smear examination with Leishman-Giemsa staining would help in early detection of candidiasis which can prevent various complications in women chiefly in the reproductive age group.
Journal of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, 2019
Vulvovaginal Candidiasis (VVC) is one of the most common genital tract infections among women, especially in diabetic patients. The increasing prevalence of recurrent infections caused by drug-resistant non-albicans species necessitates further studies on diabetic patients and the identification of causative agents by reliable molecular techniques. The obtained results can assist in adopting proper treatment procedures and prevention of recurrent vulvovaginitis (RVVC). Methods: In a cross-sectional study, 150 vaginal discharge samples were collected from diabetic women suspected of candidiasis referring to health centers in Tehran province. Following the culture of samples on SDA, CHROMagar Candida and PCR-RFLP were used for presumptive and definitive identification of Candida species, respectively. Results: Out of 115 positive patients, 105 showed infection with one species, and 10 had a mixed infection with two species. The frequency of Candida glabrata isolated from non-mixed and mixed infections in RVVC group was higher than Candida albicans (27.8% vs. 9.6%), which contradicted the results of the VVC group (6.1% vs. 24.3%). In the RVVC group, therefore, the patients were more infected with nonalbicans species than C. albicans (47.8% vs. 9.6%), while in the VVC group the non-albicans were of lower frequency (18.3% vs. 24.3%). Conclusion: Our findings showed a statistically significant correlation (P<0.001) between the frequency of C. glabrata and the prevalence of RVVC. On the other hand, that blood sugar, duration of diabetes, and antibiotics usage had significant correlations (P<0.001) with the recurrence of severe symptoms.
Stamford Journal of Microbiology
Vulvo-vaginal Candidiasis (VVC) is the most common fungal infection in women of reproductive age. Data related to distribution and risk factors are very limited in India. This study was designed to observe the prevalence of VVC among women of reproductive age group, find the species of Candida causing such infection and find the risk factors associated with VVC. All female patients in the childbearing age group, fulfilling the clinical criteria of vaginitis, reported between January 2016 and June 2017 were included in this study. Standard procedures were followed to collect vaginal swabs. Culture and microscopic examinations were done to isolate Candida albicans and non-albicans Candida (NAC) from the specimens. Descriptive and analytic statistics was used to illustrate the basic and disease characteristics of the study participants. The odds-ratio (OR) associated with each potential risk factor at 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated. All results were considered significant...
Vaginal Candidiasis – Gynecological Aspect of the Problem
Acta medica medianae, 2014
Vaginal candidiasis (VC) is one of the most common reasons for consultations with a gynecologist, with an increasing trend in occurrence in female patients. It is estimated that 75% of all women experience an episode of vulvovaginal candidiasis in their lifetime, 50% of them experience at least a second episode, and 5% have recurrent candidiasis. Cervical and vaginal secretions act as the last line of defense from ascendant infection pathway spreading. Factors that may disturb vaginal ecosystem are: endogenous factors, way of life, infectious factors and iatrogenic factors. The most common cause of VC in 85-90% of cases is C. albicans, but other Candida species tend to be more likely to cause VVC (Candida tropicalis , Candida glabrata , C particulary, C crusei and so on). These non-albicans species have been found to be fluconazole and antimycotics resistant in more than 70% of cases. This is especially true for C. glabrata. There are several predisposing factors that have been associated with VC recurrence and resistance, such as Candida genotypes, resistance and virulence, immunodeficiency, unregulated hyperglycemia, use of oral contraceptives, long-term use of antibiotics. Therapy approach should be individual, including local and oral antimycotics until the symptoms disappear. The maintenance dose can be continuous or intermittent. Due to hormone concentration increase, increase in local glycogen, alternations of vaginal flora, VC incidence in pregnancy is two times higher in comparison to other female population. The problem of vaginal candidiasis requires individual approach, taking into account all the risk factors and accompanying physiological conditions or diseases in female patients.
Vaginal yeast infections in diabetic women
South African medical journal = Suid-Afrikaanse tydskrif vir geneeskunde, 1993
Two hundred and three diabetic women (89 with and 114 without genital symptoms) were examined for the presence of yeasts and Trichomonas vaginalis. Yeasts were isolated from the vaginas of 35.5% of patients and were more common in the symptomatic group (48.0%) than the asymptomatic group (25.4%; P < 0.05). Candida albicans was isolated from 12.8% of all patients and showed a significant association with pruritus vulvae (P < 0.05). A significant association was also shown between the presence of yeasts in the rectum and in the vagina. C. glabrata (Torulopsis glabrata) was the commonest yeast species isolated (50.0%), with C. albicans the next most frequent (36.1%). T. vaginalis infection was present in 14.3% of all subjects.
Epidemiologic Features of Vulvovaginal Candidiasis among Reproductive-Age Women in India
Infectious Diseases in Obstetrics and Gynecology, 2012
Background. Vulvovaginal candidiasis is characterized by curd-like vaginal discharge and itching, and is associated with considerable health and economic costs. Materials and Methods. We examined the incidence, prevalence, and risk factors for vulvovaginal candidiasis among a cohort of 898 women in south India. Participants completed three study visits over six months, comprised of a structured interview and a pelvic examination. Results. The positive predictive values for diagnosis of vulvovaginal candidiasis using individual signs or symptoms were low (<19%). We did not find strong evidence for associations between sociodemographic characteristics and the prevalence of vulvovaginal candidiasis. Women clinically diagnosed with bacterial vaginosis had a higher prevalence of vulvovaginal candidiasis (Prevalence 12%, 95% CI 8.2, 15.8) compared to women assessed to be negative for bacterial vaginosis (Prevalence 6.5%, 95% 5.3, 7.6); however, differences in the prevalence of vulvovaginal candidiasis were not observed by the presence or absence of laboratory-confirmed bacterial vaginosis. Conclusions. For correct diagnosis of vulvovaginal candidiasis, laboratory confirmation of infection with Candida is necessary as well as assessment of whether the discharge has been caused by bacterial vaginosis. Studies are needed of women infected with Candida yeast species to determine the risk factors for yeast's overgrowth.