Prevalence of Chlamydia trachomatis infections in symptomatic women by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) immunofluorescence and Giemsa stain (original) (raw)
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Quantitative study of Chlamydia trachomatis in genital infection
Sexually Transmitted Infections, 1982
Chlamydia trachomatis inclusion counts on inoculated McCoy cell coverslips were used as an index of the degree of infection of the cervix in women and of the urethra in men with urethritis. High inclusion counts were obtained significantly more often from men than from women, from women with cervical ectopy, and from women who had had recent sexual intercourse. Low inclusion counts were significantly more common in men with a past history of gonococcal urethritis.
Detection ofChlamydia trachomatis in clinical specimens by the polymerase chain reaction
European Journal of Clinical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases, 1990
Sequences derived from the endogenous plasmid ofChlamydia trachomatisand from the genes coding for ribosomal 16S RNA of Chlamydia psittaci were used as primers and oligonucleotide probes for detection of chlamydiae by the polymerase chain reaction. The endogenous plasmid primers generated specific amplified products of 517 bp with all known Chlamydia trachomatis serovars. No specific products of Chlamydia psittaciand Chlamydia pneumoniae could be detected using these printers. With the rRNA primers specific amplified products of 208 bp were generated with Chlamydiapsittaci, Chlamydia trachomatis and Chlamydia pneumoniae. No specific amplified products were detected with DNA isolated from a variety of microorganisms from the urogenital and the respiratory tract. Of 156 clinical specimens used for evaluation of the polymerase chain reaction, 26 were found to be positive for Chlamydia trachomatis on culture. All 26 culture positive samples were also found to be positi~ce for Chlamydia trachomatis DNA by the polymerase chain reaction with both primer sets.Two culture negative samples were also found to be positive by this technique. The polymerase chain reaction thus seems to be a sensitive and reliable method for detection of Chlamydia trachomatis. The Chlamydiaceae, a unique family of obligate intracellular bacteria, comprise a single genus 5. Sharer MA, Prager V, Shalwitz J, Vaughan E, Moseicki B, Brown R, Wihbelsman C, Schachter J: Prevalence of urethral Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae among asymptomatic, sexually active adolescent boys. Journal of Infectious Diseases 1987,156: 223--224. 6. Hammersehlag MR, Cummings C, Roblin PM, Wiliams TH, Delke I: Efficacy of neonatal ocular prophylaxis for the prevention of chlamydial and gonococcal conjunctivitis. New England Journal of Medicine 1989, 320: 769-772.
American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 1993
Objective: To compare the results obtained by four different techniques for the detection of Chlamydia trachomatis in the male genital tract. Design: Prospective study. Setting: Andrology unit of a university hospital. Patients: Male infertility patients. Interventions: Analysis of semen samples and urethral swabs for the presence of C. trachomatis by recombinant antibody-enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (rELISA), polymerase chain reaction (PCR), antigen-enzyme immunoassay (EIA) and McCoy cell culture. Main Outcome Measure: Detection of C. trachomatis. Results: In 57 of205 semen samples (27.8%) immunoglobulin A-antibodies against C. trachomatis were found. In contrast, only 1 of 56 semen samples (1.8%) was positive for C. trachomatis-DNA by PCR, only 1 of 139 semen samples (0.7%) was positive by antigen-EIA, and only 4 of173 urethral swabs (2.3%) grew C. trachomatis in cell culture. Conclusions: The discrepancy of positive results found by the antibody-rELISA and direct methods for the detection of C. trachomatis indicates successful eradication of the microorganism in >90% of antibody-positive men. Therefore, detection of antibodies against C. trachomatis in seminal plasma appears to be of limited diagnostic value.
Acta Cytologica, 2002
matic women attending a gynecology clinic in a city hospital and in randomly selected slum dwellers. STUDY DESIGN: Endocervical specimens were collected from 350 women with genitourinary complaints (group I) and 53 slum dwellers (group II). Samples were analyzed by PCR, direct fluorescence assay (DFA) and Giemsa stain cytology for detection of C trachomatis and compared for their sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV). RESULTS: The prevalence of endocervical C trachomatis infection was 43.1% and 24.5% in groups I and II, respectively. The sensitivity, specificity, PPV and NPV of PCR were 80.0%, 75.0%, 66.6% and 85.7%, respectively, when DFA was considered true positive. The percent increment in detection of C trachomatis by PCR was 15.3%. CONCLUSION: Giemsa stain cytology has low sensitivity and specificity; hence, it cannot be recommended for use as a diagnostic technique. It appears that PCR can be used routinely in Chlamydia diagnosis and in screening selected populations. The high positivity of C
Annals of Emergency Medicine, 1987
IntroductIon Chlamydia trachomatis is an obligate intracellular bacterium. It can cause mild asymptomatic as well as symptomatic infections that can lead to adverse outcomes in pregnancy. C. trachomatis is a known cause of preterm labor, premature rupture of membranes, low birth weight and still birth. [1] Mandatory screening tests should be done in patients from poor socioeconomic backgrounds and bad obstetric history to give timely treatment and to avoid adverse pregnancy outcomes. The incidence of C. trachomatis infection has dramatically increased during the past 10 years. [2] Chlamydial Pelvic inflammatory disease is the most important preventable cause of infertility and adverse pregnancy outcome. [3] The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), the US Preventive Services Task Force and other agencies and professional organisations have guidelines recommending annual Chlamydia screening of young, sexually active women aged <25 years and at-risk older women. [4] Similar study conducted by Illan Cohen et al. suggesting the need for repeated Chlamydial testing during antenatal checkup to prevent adverse outcomes during pregnancy. [5] The greater sensitivity of nucleic acid amplification tests (NAATs) for C. trachomatis can increase the reach and decrease the costs of public health screening programs aimed at controlling C. trachomatis infection. The increased sensitivity of NAATs are due to their ability to produce a positive signal from as little as a single copy of the target DNA or RNA. [3] NAATs are having high specificity and sensitivity so that it can be used for the diagnosis of C. trachomatis genital infections. [2,6,7] Background: Chlamydia trachomatis infection is the most prevalent bacterial sexually transmitted infection and may influence pregnancy outcome. Aims and Objectives: This study was conducted to assess Chlamydial infection during pregnancy by PCR. Materials and Methods: Study group consists of patients who are attending the antenatal clinics. Endocervical swabs were collected from 300 patients. Results: Off the 300 samples tested, 29 were positive as per PCR which used CT F : 5' CGT GTC GGC AAT CCT GCT GAT 3' and CT R : 5' GTC GAT AAC ATA GTC ACG ATA GTC 3'as the primers. Conclusion: This suggests there is a prevalence of Chlamydia trachomatis in our population which is 10%. Hence, it should be noted as a significant public health problem especially among sexually active young women of child bearing age. Timely detection and prompt treatment of Chlamydial infection during pregnancy can eliminate its adverse outcomes.
Assessment of Chlamydia trachomatis infection in asymptomatic male partners of infertile couples
Journal of Medical Microbiology, 2004
Three specimens from 111 asymptomatic male partners of infertile couples attending the Department of Urology in Amiens, France, were examined by the PCR COBAS AMPLICOR test (Roche Molecular Diagnostics) for the presence of Chlamydia trachomatis. The specimens analysed were: first void urine (FVU), urine obtained after prostatic massage (UPM) and semen specimens. Serum from each patient was also obtained and analysed for the presence of IgG and IgA chlamydial antibodies by in-house microimmunofluorescence (MIF) and pELISA. C. trachomatis was detected by PCR in 5. 4 % of FVU samples, 2. 7 % of semen specimens and in 0. 9 % of UPM samples. Two treatments for processing the samples (storage at À70 8C and heating to 95 8C) were routinely used before initial testing to reduce the effects of inhibitors of PCR. Despite these precautions, the PCR method revealed the presence of inhibitors in 7. 3 % of semen specimens and 3. 6 % of FVU samples. C. trachomatis was detected by PCR COBAS AMPLICOR in seven of 111 patients (6. 3 %) and by serology in five of 111 patients (4. 5 %). The detection of C. trachomatis in FVU, UPM and semen specimens can serve as a marker for the presence of this organism in the genital tract, and can be used as a reliable way of detecting asymptomatic carriers of infection.
Biotechnology and Health Sciences, 2015
Background: Chlamydia trachomatis (C. trachomatis) is the most common bacterial sexually transmitted infection (STI). Although most genital C. trachomatis infections remain asymptomatic but infection with these bacteria is the leading cause of complications, such as pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), tubal factor infertility and abortion. Objectives: The objective of this study was to estimate the frequency of C. trachomatis infection among symptomatic and asymptomatic women, by a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) based assay. Patients and Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted over the period from May 2012 to February 2013. A total of 240 nonduplicate endocervical samples were taken from married women; endocervical swabs were collected from women referred to Qazvin Kowsar Gynecology Hospital by a training midwife. The specimens were tested for C. trachomatis by a PCR-based assay for the pha gene. Results: Out of the 240 female participants, 184 (76.7%) were symptomatic and 56 (23.3%) were asymptomatic cases. The mean age of cases was 37.1 ± 0.9 years. Twenty (8.3%) of the 240 samples were diagnosed as Chlamydia positive according to PCR results. The prevalence of asymptomatic C. trachomatis infections was six (10.7%), while there were 14 (7.6%) in symptomatic cases. Although positive PCR results have shown in women with vaginosis (7.1%), abortion (5.1%), premature birth and low birth weight below 2.5 kg (7.7%) but the chi-square test did not indicate a significant relationship between positive PCR test results and these symptoms. Conclusions: The results of this study showed that there was a high prevalence of C. trachomatis infection among both symptomatic and asymptomatic women. Therefore, a screening test for C. trachomatis infection is recommended for all women who refer to the genitourinary medicine clinic. Screening programs are important for cost effectiveness calculations of C. trachomatis infections especially in asymptomatic cases.
Journal of Clinical Microbiology, 2003
Screening for Chlamydia trachomatis was done for 280 endocervical swab samples by PCR specific for endogenous plasmid. Age dependency was seen in symptomatic patients, with a high chlamydial prevalence rate (28%) found in younger women. Genotyping by restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of omp1 PCR-positive samples showed serovars D, E, and F to be the most prevalent. Chlamydia trachomatis is a major cause of sexually transmitted disease (16). Serovars D to K are chiefly responsible for urogenital infections; of these serovars, E, F, and D account for up to 60 to 70% of these infections (1, 5, 14, 20). Epidemiological studies of C. trachomatis infections in sexual contacts have been few to date, which hampers the study of chlamydial transmission, its route of spread in a population, its virulence factors, and the associated risk factors of C. trachomatis infections (12, 19). Compared with immunotyping, the genotyping methods, particularly omp1 are more sensitive and precise in revealing C. trachomatis variants within serovars as well as in potential recombinants among serovars (13, 15, 18). The present study was undertaken to understand the occurrence of C. trachomatis serovars in the genital tracts of infected women, which will help in devising an effective screening program for routine diagnosis of chlamydial infections, understanding the immunopathogenesis, and developing an effective chlamydial control program. Reference C. trachomatis standard serovars were kindly provided by T. Ossewaarde (National Institute of Public Health and Environment Protection, Bilthoven, The Netherlands). Cervical swabs (n ϭ 280) were obtained from patients (17) attending the gynecology outpatient clinic for various gynecological reasons (abnormal vaginal discharge and pelvic pain) at Safdarjang Hospital, New Delhi, India. Chlamydial DNA was extracted from the clinical specimens by the alkali lysis method (2). The study protocol was approved by the committee responsible for the evaluation of work involving human subjects. Prior consent was obtained in all cases. The clinical samples were first screened by a PCR specific for the human -globin gene. The primers used for the human -globin PCR were P1 (sense, 5Ј ACA CAA CTG TGT TCA CTA GC) and P2 (antisense, 5Ј GAA ACC CAA GAG TCT TCT CT). Samples positive in the -globin PCR were used for C. trachomatis detection by using a plasmid PCR performed as described previously. The plasmid primers P3 (sense, 5ЈGAA CAA ATC GTA TCT CGG) and P4 (antisense, 5ЈGAA ACC
International Journal of Fertility and Sterility, 2009
Background Chlamydia trachomatis infections are the most prevalent sexually transmitted bacterial infections (STI) in the world that lead to a cause of tubal factor infertility in women. The aim of this study is to determine the presence of C.trachomatis by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and ELISA. Materials and methods Endocervical swabs were collected from 80 women; 22 of them were asymptomatic and 58 symptomatic. Samples were examined by PCR designed to detect Chlamydial plasmid using specific KL1 and KL2 primers. Serum IgG and IgA antibodies to C.trachomatis were detected by ELISA. Since elevated CRP levels are a marker for inflammation, the presence of C- Reactive protein (CRP) has also been evaluated in all samples. Results The rate of C.trachomatis infection by PCR was revealed to be 27.2% and 18.9% in asymptomatic and symptomatic women, respectively The χ2 test shows no significant difference (p value= 0.22). Serological screening was done on all samples. The high level of ...