May JETIR -Mucoadhesive systems (original) (raw)
the tissue for the targeting of various absorption mucosa such as ocular, nasal, pulmonary, buccal, vaginal etc. These systems of drug delivery are called as mucoadhesive drug delivery systems. [1] Adhesion can be defined as the bond produced by contact between a pressure-sensitive adhesive and a surface. [2] The American Society of testing and materials has defined it as the state in which two surfaces are held together by interfacial forces which may consist of valence forces, interlocking action or both. [3] Bioadhesion is defined as an ability of a material to adhere to a biological tissue for an extended period of time. For the case of polymer attached to the mucin layer of a mucosal tissue, the term mucoadhesion is used. [4] Mucoadhesive dosage forms have three distinct advantages when compared to conventional dosage forms- These dosage forms are readily localized in the region applied to improve and enhance the bioavailability of drugs. [4] These dosage forms facilitate intimate contact of the formulation with the underlying absorption surface. This allows modification of tissue permeability for absorption of macromolecules, such as peptides and proteins. Inclusions of penetration enhancers such as Sodium glycocholate, Sodium taurocholate, L-lysophosphotidyl chlorine and protease inhibitors in the mucoadhesive dosage forms resulted in better absorption of peptides and proteins. [5] Mucoadhesive dosage forms also prolong the residence time of the dosage form at the site of application and absorption to permit once or twice a day dosing. Mechanism of Mucoadhesion [6] Mucus is composed mainly of water (>95%), glycoproteins of exceptionally high molecular weight, mineral salts (1%) and free proteins (0.5 to 1%). For bioadhesion to occur, a succession of phenomena, whose role depends on the nature of the bioadhesive, is required. The first stage involves an intimate contact between a bioadhesive and a membrane, either from a good wetting of the
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