Concentration of Heavy Metals in Vegetables Cultivated around Dumpsites in Jimeta and Ngurore Areas, Adamawa State, Nigeria (original) (raw)
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Heavy metals in vegetables collected from selected farm and market sites in Lagos, Nigeria
This study was conducted to determine the concentration of heavy metals (copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd)) in five vegetables viz; Cochorus olitorus (Jew’s mallow), Vernonia amygdalina (Bitter-leaf), Talimum triangulare (Water-leaf), Talifaria occidentalis (Flutted pumpkin) and Spinachcia oleracea (Spinach) and soil collected from selected farm and market sites in industrial, residential and commercial areas of Lagos state. The heavy metals present in the vegetables and soil were analyzed using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS). The results reveal that all the heavy metals were detected in both soil and vegetables from the various sites but at concentrations below the World Health Organisation (WHO) and Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO) safe limit of 40, 60, 5, and 0.2mg/kg for copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) respectively in vegetables. Also, there was no significant difference (p>0.05) between the heavy metals found in vegetable...
2017
This study was conducted to determine the concentration of heavy metals cadmium (Cd)) chromium (Cr) (copper (Cu), iron (Fe) manganese (Mn) zinc (Zn), lead (Pb) and in five vegetables viz; (Bitter-leaf), Cabbage, Cucumber, Lettuce and Spinach and soil collected from selected farm and market sites in industrial, residential and commercial areas of Lagos state. The heavy metals present in the vegetables were analyzed using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS). The results reveal that all the heavy metals were detected in all the vegetables from the various sites. Most of the concentrations are below the World Health Organisation (WHO) and Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO) safe limit of 0.1 mg/kg, 0.1 mg/kg, 40 mg/kg, 1.3 mg/kg, 1.5 mg/kg, 6.61 mg/kg, 3 mg/kg, 60 mg/kg for cadmium (Cd), cobalt (Co) (Cu), chromium (Cr), iron (Fe), lead (Pb) and zinc (Zn), and respectively in the vegetables. However the concentration of cobalt in spinach and lead in cabbage from Katsina ar...
International Journal of Research -GRANTHAALAYAH, 2020
With consideration to food hazards and its security, this research study was conducted to determine the concentration levels of some heavy metals in vegetables cultivated in Damboa, Nigeria. Fresh samples of vegetables; Cucumber (cucumis spp) and Onion (Allium cepa) were obtained from the farms in four villages, analysed by using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometric (AAS) techniques. Results obtained showed variations in concentration in microgram per litre (µg / L). Eight heavy metals were determined; cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), nickel (Ni), lead (Pb) and zinc (Zn). The analysis revealed that; Gumsuri – Ritawa village; the concentration levels in cucumber ranged from - 0.7 ± 0.06 to 5.7 ± 0.06, while in onion ranged from 0.2 ± 0.06 to 4.8 ± 0.06; highest is Cd (5.7 µg / L) in cucumber. Gumsuri – Tolori village, concentration in cucumber ranged from -6.6 ± 0.06 to 0.82 ± 0.02, in onion is 0.27 ± 0.01; highest is Pb (0.9 µg / L) found in onio...
The purpose of the study was to evaluate some proximate compositions and health risk of heavy metal uptake by vegetables grown at a waste-water irrigated sites in FCT, Abuja. The study was carried in dry seasons between 2015 and 2017. Two different types of vegetable samples (Lagos Spinach-Celosia argentea and African Eggplant -Solanum macrocarpon) were collected simultaneously from three irrigated farm sites. Heavy metal levels were quantified using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS). Other parameters were determined using standard methods. The levels of heavy metals in vegetables varied according to sites. Proximate composition in both vegetable leaves recorded higher mean values for total ash (8.65-8.97), crude fibre (10.83-11.25), protein (4.96-5.08), Fat (3.05-3.29) and dry matter (65.58-68.85) indicating that they were rich in nutrients that promote healthy living. The mean levels of Zn (3.36±0.50) and Ni (0.03±0.01) in Lagos Spinach ; and Zn (2.80±0.36) and Ni (0.04±0.02) in African Eggplant were generally lower than the FAO/WHO permissible limits except for Fe (14.96±0.86), (15.81±0.89) and Pb (1.12±0.11), (1.31±0.11) in both vegetables that were significantly higher (P<0.05). Lagos Spinach recorded lower Metal Pollution Index (10.35) while African Eggplant had the highest value (12.18) suggesting that these vegetables may present more health risk to the consumers of these vegetable. Daily Intake values of Fe (0.089), Zn (0.020), Ni (0.001) and Pb (0.006) in Lagos Spinach and Fe (0.094), Zn (0.017), Ni (0.001) and Pb (0.008) in African Eggplant were below the WHO/FAO and USEPA permissible limits. However, Health risk index of heavy metals in vegetable samples were less than 1 indicating no significant health risk associated with the consumption of vegetables by the consumers.
Sretechjournal Publication, 2019
The research evaluated the levels of heavy metals (Mn, Cr, Pb, Cd, and Fe) in two dumpsites and control in Ilesha metropolis, Nigeria. Specific soil properties and the level of metals in dumpsites soil samples and vegetables were also considered. Standard techniques were employed in the appraisal and atomic absorption spectrophotometer (Buck Scientific model 210) for the metal concentration analysis. The level of each metal was detected low in the control site compared to the dumpsites which prove that there had been the anthropogenic contribution of heavy metal through the disposal of wastes containing or made of heavy metals. The metal concentration ranges between 0.25 mg/Kg (Cadmium of control) to 82,313 mg/Kg (Iron of IMD dumpsite). The vegetable (Talinum triangulare) that was common to the dumpsites and control accumulated minimal concentrations of the metals. In fact, vegetable in the two dumpsites and control had Cr, Cd, and Pb occurring below the detection limit. All the concentrations of metals studied in soil and vegetable were found to be lower than the maximum permissible limit of heavy metal in soil and vegetable stated by the World Health Organisation (WHO) which implies that the vegetables are presently safe for human consumption. The higher concentration of metals in dumpsite and their vegetables more than the control site shows that there is gradual pollution of heavy metals in the vegetable and implies that there is a need to avoid consuming vegetable grown on these sites and discourage the use of the sites for any form farming activities.
British Journal of Earth Sciences Research, 2024
Vegetables have positive antioxidative properties and are abundant in vitamins, minerals, and fiber. However, if consumed in large quantities, vegetables polluted with heavy metals may be harmful to human health. Therefore, this study assessed the effects of heavy metals on irrigated pepper, cabbage and Irish potatoes grown in Butura. Atomic absorption spectrophotometry (AA240FS) was used to analyze cadmium (Cd), cobalt (Co), nickel (Ni), lead (Pb), zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), chromium (Cr) and arsenic (As) levels. Three samples were selected from each of the vegetables grown on nine selected farms at distances of 0 m, 10 m, and 30 m. This forms a composite sample of vegetables at each farm. The study showed that the concentrations of cobalt, chromium, cadmium, copper, arsenic, zinc and nickel were within the standard limits set by the FAO/WHO, except for lead, which is higher than the allowable limits for vegetables. These patients may have behavioral problems, neurological complications and hematologic disorders. Thus, these findings could lead to a risk for the human population consuming these vegetables. It is recommended that irrigation water and agricultural soils be constantly monitored to determine the concentration of metals accumulated by crop plants and ensure that crop plants are safe for human consumption.
Vegetables are among the major sources of proteins and vitamins in human diets. However, they have high potential for contamination by heavy metals which pose serious public health threats. A study was conducted to assess the levels of heavy metals bioaccumulation in two leafy vegetables: Spinach (Spinacia oleracea) and Cabbage (Brassica oleracea).grown in three local government areas (Giwa, Sabon-gari and Hunkuyi) of Kaduna State. The four heavy metals assessed were: Lead (Pb), Copper (Cu), Cobalt (Co) and Zinc (Zn) in the two leafy vegetables: Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS) was used to detect and analyze heavy metals bioaccumulation in the vegetables and soil samples. The sampling locations were selected on the basis of anticipated magnitude of the extent of contamination of the water used for irrigating these vegetables in such areas. The experiment was arranged in completely randomized design with three replications. Data obtained was analyzed using Analysis of Variance with Duncan's New Multiple Range Test used to separate significant means at 5% level. The result obtained revealed significant difference (P≤0.05) in the heavy metals bioaccumulation in the vegetables and the soils on which they were grown. The result showed that the concentration for Co and Cu were lower than the maximum permissible limits standards as such were non-lethal. However, the accumulation of Pb and Zn in the vegetables was above tolerable limits. This inferred that, vegetables from Sabon-gari, Giwa and Hunkuyi grown along road sides and irrigated with water containing agricultural residues accumulated higher concentration of Pb and Zn. This can be attributed to the intense use of agro-chemicals such as fertilizer and pesticides as well as domestic and industrial discharges in the area. This also suggests a high probability of lethal toxicity due to Pb and Zn in these vegetables. It is therefore recommended that, people should abstain from consuming these heavy metals contaminated vegetables due to significant health implications they posed on to the public health. More so, consumption of vegetables irrigated with waste water or close to road side should be avoided.
EAS Journal of Nutrition and Food Sciences, 2022
Metal toxicity on food substances has been a major cause of diseases and conditions in many parts of the world including African countries. In Nigeria, vegetables, which are an integral part of dishes and delicacies, could be liable to heavy metal toxicity and consumption of such could have devastating health consequences. This study aimed to evaluate levels of some heavy metals in vegetables sources from major farming areas in Kano, Northern part of Nigeria. Samples of some commonly consumed vegetables and irrigation waters were obtained from 4 different farming locations in Kano. The samples including the irrigation waters were oven dried and subjected to digestion processes using acid methods. The solution obtained was used to determine levels of Pb, As, Cd, Ni, Zn and Cu using spectrophotometry. The results showed elevated levels of Pb and Cd in water and vegetables from 2 farming sites compared to other location. The results were also higher than the acceptable limits by WHO/FAO. From these results, it was inferenced that vegetables from such areas have significant higher levels of some of these toxic heavy metals and should be point of concern for food monitoring authorities.