Towards modular design of reliable quantum-dot cellular automata logic circuit using multiplexers (original) (raw)

Design of a new multiplexer structure based on a new fault-tolerant majority gate in quantum-dot cellular automata

Optical and Quantum Electronics, 2021

Quantum-dot Cellular Automata (QCA) technology is believed to be a good alternative to CMOS technology. This nanoscale technology can provide a platform for design and implementation of high performance and power e cient logic circuits. However, the fabrication of QCA circuits is susceptible to faults appearing in this form of missing cells, additional cells, rotated cells, and displaced cells. Over the years, several solutions have been proposed to address these problems. This paper presents a new solution for improving the fault tolerance of three input majority gate. The proposed majority gate is then used to design 2-1 multiplexer and 4-1 multiplexer. The proposed designs are implemented in QCA Designer. Simulation results demonstrate signi cant improvements in terms of fault tolerance and area requirement.

An Efficient and Optimized Multiplexer Design for Quantum-Dot Cellular Automata

Journal of Computational and Theoretical Nanoscience, 2014

Quantum-dot cellular automata (QCA) is currently being investigated as an emerging alternative to conventional silicon MOSFET technology. In this paper, an efficient and optimized 4 to 1 multiplexer design for implementation in QCA is presented. The aim is to maximize the circuit density and also to focus on the layout that is to be minimal in terms of number of cells and delay. The proposed 4 to 1 multiplexer is designed using 5-input majority gate and a 4-input AND/OR gate. For verifying the functionality of the circuit, the proposed layout is simulated using QCADesigner software. The proposed design is compared with the other previous works. The results show that our design has minimal size and cell count, and it is implemented with only four clock phases. Also we have compared the proposed QCA design with conventional CMOS technology. The results confirm that the QCA design is more efficient in terms of area and clock frequency.

Modular Design of 2 n :1 Quantum Dot Cellular Automata Multiplexers and its Application, via Clock Zone based Crossover

International Journal of Modern Education and Computer Science, 2016

Quantum-Dot Cellular Automata (QCA) is a radical technology, which works at Nanoscale. Due to its numerous advantages over the conventional CMOS-based digital circuits, researchers are now concentrating more on designing digital circuits using this technology. Researchers have reported various findings in this field till now. In this paper, a modular 2:1 Multiplexer has been designed followed by its application in the designing of 1-bit parallel memory. A 4:1 MUX is designed using cascading of two 2:1 multiplexers. This paper also incorporates a comparative analysis of the proposed circuits with some previous designs. This comparison indicates that the designed Multiplexer is showing a considerable reduction in cell count as well as in the area. Here the design and simulation of the circuits are done using QCA Designer Ver. 1.40. Power dissipation simulation analysis of the designed 4:1 multiplexer is also done using QCA Pro tool.

Robust Multiplexer Design and Analysis Using Quantum Dot Cellular Automata

International Journal of Theoretical Physics, 2018

Quantum Dot Cellular Automata (QCA) is an alternate version of the existing conventional CMOS technology due to its low power intake, faster speed, and smaller size. A multiplexer is a very important logical block in VLSI designs. In this paper, a 2:1 multiplexer (MUX) architecture is proposed, analyzed and compared with related existing architectures. The kink energy of proposed circuit has been calculated and hazard analysis has been completed successfully. All designs in this paper are simulated, checked, and verified using the popular QCADesigner tool. The comparisons of the proposed design with respect to different parameters of the existing MUX(s) along with their corresponding graphical representations prove the robustness of the proposed multiplexer.

Optimized Design of Multiplexor by Quantum-dot Cellular Automata

Quantum-dot Cellular Automata (QCA) has low power consumption and high density and regularity. QCA widely supports the new devices designed for nanotechnology. Application of QCA technology as an alternative method for CMOS technology on nano-scale shows a promising future. This paper presents successful designing, layout and analysis of Multiplexer with a new structure in QCA technique. In this paper we generalize a 2 to 1 multiplexer, which is used as module to implement the 2 n to 1 multiplexer. In this paper, we will present successful simulation of the 2 to 1, 4 to 1 and 8 to 1 multiplexer with QCA Designer. We will design a new multiplexer based on the majority gate with the minimum number of cells and consumed area. Being potentially pipeline, the QCA technology calculates with the maximum operating speed. We may use these multiplexers in the FPGA and ALU.

A novel architecture for quantum-dot cellular automata multiplexer

Quantum-dot Cellular Automata (QCA) technology is attractive due to its low power consumption, fast speed and small dimension; therefore it is a promising alternative to CMOS technology. Additionally, multiplexer is a useful part in many important circuits. In this paper we propose a novel design of 2:1 MUX in QCA. Moreover, a 4:1 multiplexer, an XOR gate and a latch are proposed based on our 2:1 multiplexer design. The simulation results have been verified using the QCADesigner.

Optimum multiplexer design in quantum-dot cellular automata

Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science

Quantum-dot Cellular Automata (QCA) is one of the most important computing technologies for the future and will be the alternative candidate for current CMOS technology. QCA is attracting a lot of researchers due to many features such as high speed, small size, and low power consumption. QCA has two main building blocks (majority gate and inverter) used for design any Boolean function. QCA also has an inherent capability that used to design many important gates such as XOR and Multiplexer in optimal form without following any Boolean function. This paper presents a novel design 2:1 QCA-Multiplexer in two forms. The proposed design is very simple, highly efficient and can be used to produce many logical functions. The proposed design output comes from the inherent capabilities of quantum technology. New 4:1 QCA-Multiplexer has been built using the proposed structure. The output waveforms showed the wonderful performance of the proposed design in terms of the number of cells, area, an...

Design and implementation reversible multiplexer using quantum-dot cellular automata approach

Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics, 2022

Rapid progress in the field of nanotechnology includes using quantum dotcellular automata (QCA) as a replacement for conventional transistor-based complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) circuits in the construction of nano-circuits. Due to ultra low thermal dissipation, rapid clocking, and extremely high density, the QCA is a rapidly growing field in the nanotechnological field to inhibit the field effect transistor (FET)-based circuit. This paper discusses and evaluates two multiplexer (MUX) architectures: an innovative and effective 4×1 MUX structure and an 8×1 MUX structures using QCA technology. The suggested architectural designs are constructed using the Fredkin and controlled-NOT (CNOT) gates. These constructions were designed to simulate using tool QCA designer 2.0.3. The 591 and 1,615 cells would be used by the 4×1 and 8×1 QCA MUX architectures, respectively. The simulation results demonstrate that, when compared to the previous QCA MUX structures, the suggested QCA MUX designs have the best clock latency performance and use of different gate types.

A Novel Optimized Multiplexer Design in Quantum-Dot Cellular Automata

International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology, 2017

Molecular quantum-dot cellular automata (QCA) is an emerging nanocomputing paradigm, which operates on electrostatic repulsion phenomena between two electrons to keep those apart at the maximum distance to a rest position for obtaining the highest finding probability. In the field of Quantum-dot Cellular Automata the digital logic gate approaches nearly about to nanometer in scale. In QCA quantum gates operate by the tunneling effect of electrons from one quantum dot to another dot through revealing its wave nature. The operating speed of the device gains the speed of light because the quantum tunneling occurs at the light speed. This paper compares two methodologies of quantum logic gate designing, those are universal T gate designing and conventional gate designing practice. One 22 cells 2x1 MUX is proposed which is designed by conventional method, that provides 20.35% optimization in area occupancy compared to the best reported designs. Furthermore, one 11 cells 2:1 MUX layout is proposed which achieves 33.33% area reduction compared to the best ever multiplexer designed in QCA technology.

A novel FPGA-programmable switch matrix interconnection element in quantum-dot cellular automata

The Quantum-dot cellular automata (QCA) is a novel nanotechnology, promising extra low-power, extremely dense and very high-speed structure for the construction of logical circuits at a nanoscale. In this paper, initially previous works on QCA-based FPGA's routing elements are investigated, and then an efficient, symmetric and reliable QCA programmable switch matrix (PSM) interconnection element is introduced. This element has a simple structure and offers a complete routing capability. It is implemented using a bottom-up design approach that starts from a dense and high-speed 2:1 multiplexer and utilise it to build the target PSM interconnection element. In this study, simulations of the proposed circuits are carried out using QCAdesigner, a layout and simulation tool for QCA circuits. The results demonstrate high efficiency of the proposed designs in QCA-based FPGA routing.