Farlow ( Samson ) FOR THE CONTROL OF Spodoptera frugiperda ( LEPIDOPTERA : NOCTUIDAE ) (original) (raw)
Related papers
Jurnal Perlindungan Tanaman Indonesia
Spodoptera frugiperda is a new pest in Indonesia that attacks corn and can cause up to 100 percent damageon young plants. As an invasive pest, information on potential indigenous natural enemies that cancontrol this pest is needed. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of indigenous entomopathogenic fungi and their application methods on mortality, feeding activity, growth, fecundity, and fertility of S. frugiperda. This study used a factorial Completely Randomized Block Design (RCBD) method consisting of 10 treatments. Treatmentstested werecombination of fungi species, namely Fusarium sp., Aspergillus oryzae, Entomophthora sp. with conidia density 109 ml-1, distilled water and cypermethrin at concentration of 1 ml.L-1 as a control. Two application techniques used were direct application on S. frugiperda larvae and diet test. Each treatment was repeated three times resulting in30 experimental units. Variables observed included mortality, feeding activity, growth, fecundity,...
OBSERVATÓRIO DE LA ECONOMÍA LATINOAMERICANA
Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) is an important insect pest in Brazil and worldwide, and its control is based mainly on chemical methods that are harmful to the environment and human and animal health. We investigated the fungal community associated with the body surface of S. frugiperda and evaluated the potential of members of this fungal community to act as biocontrol agents. The caterpillars were collected in the field, reared in the laboratory on a natural diet, evaluated for association with fungi on their surface and the environment, and subjected to a bioassay for insecticidal activity. Our results suggest that fungi are often associated with the body of S. frugiperda, as it was possible to obtain these microorganisms from all insects sampled, with a higher frequency of filamentous fungi than yeast. Fusarium verticillioides was the most frequent filamentous fungus species (F3 = 42.1%), followed by Aspergillus aureolus (F2 = 36.8%). Candida pseudointermedia was...
Compatibility of biological agents to control Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)
Agrarian, 2011
Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) is the main insect pest of corn in the Americas. The objective was to evaluate the performance of Trichogramma atopovirilia (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) with influence of Bacillus thuringiensis var. kurstaki (Bt) (Bacillaceae) (Dipel™ PM) to control of S. frugiperda. S. frugiperda eggs were immersed in solution of Bt and submitted to parasitism for 24 hours. The experiment was kept in acclimatized chamber at temperature of 25 ± 1ºC, relative humidity of 70 ± 10% and photophase of 14 hours. The parasitism, emergence, number of individuals per egg, sex ratio of offspring and longevity of females that parasitized were used as indicators of compatibility between the biological control agents. There was no difference in any biological characteristics of T. atopovirilia induced by Bt. The commercially B. thuringiensis formulated as Dipel™ PM applied on S. frugiperda eggs not affect T. atpovirilia.
Florida Entomologist, 2013
Fall armyworm larvae (FAW), Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith) were collected from whorl-stage corn, Zea mays (L.), between the V2 and V4 stages, in 22 localities of Central, Chiapas, México, called “La Frailesca” during late Jun 2009 to determine the occurrence of native entomopathogens and parasitic nematodes, and to determine the most parasitized instars. A total of 1,247 larvae were examined in search of native biological control agents. Overall total larval mortality was 16.36%. The percent larval mortality due to entomopathogens and parasitic nematodes was 12.99%. Hexamermis sp., probably albicans Siebold (Mermitha: Mermithidae) were isolated from 105 FAW larvae (8.42%) with highest incidence from the 4th, 5th, 6th and 3rd instars, respectively. A hyphomycete, Nomuraea rileyi Farlow (Samson), was recovered from 38 larvae (about 3.05% parasitism) with highest incidence in the 5th, 3rd, 4th, and 6th instars, respectively. Lowest percentage of FAW larval parasitism was caused by unidentified microsporidian or microsporidium (1.52%), infecting 19 larvae in the 6th, 5th and 3rd instars, respectively. First and 2nd instars did not show parasitism. This information is useful in designing future biological control programs.
Journal of Applied Entomology
Maize is a major staple food for over 300 million people in sub-Saharan Africa. Sustainable productivity of this primary crop has been recently threatened by Fall armyworm (FAW), Spodoptera frugiperda invasion. Due to lack of environmentally safe management strategies, immediate responses by growers and governments to tackle FAW are based on rampant use of pesticides. Looking for efficient biopesticides, twenty entomopathogenic fungal isolates (14 Metarhizium anisopliae and 6 Beauveria bassiana) were screened for their efficacy against eggs and second instar larvae of FAW. A single discriminating concentration of 1 × 10 8 conidia ml −1 and four replicates per treatment were used in all experiments. Isolates were assessed for their ability to cause mortality of FAW second instar larvae, eggs and the neonate larvae that emerged from treated eggs. Among the isolates tested, only B. bassiana ICIPE 676 caused moderate mortality of 30% to second instar larvae. Metarhizium anisopliae ICIPE 78, ICIPE 40 and ICIPE 20 caused egg mortalities of 87.0%, 83.0% and 79.5%, respectively, and M. anisopliae ICIPE 41 and ICIPE 7 outperformed all the others by causing 96.5% and 93.7% mortality to the neonate larvae, respectively. The cumulated mortality of eggs and neonates was highest with M. anisopliae ICIPE 41 (97.5%), followed by M. anisopliae ICIPE 7, 655, 40, 20 and 78 with total mortality of 96.0%, 95.0%, 93.5%, 93.0% and 92.0%, respectively. These isolates with high cumulated mortality (≥92%), especially ICIPE 78 and 7, which are already commercialized for spider mites and ticks control respectively, would be good candidates for development as biopesticides for management of FAW in Africa if further evidence of their efficacy is obtained in the field.
Pest categorisation of Spodoptera frugiperda
The European Commission requested EFSA to conduct a pest categorisation of Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) a pest with hosts in 27 plant families. Favoured hosts include maize, rice and sorghum (Poaceae). Hosts also include crops within the Brassicaceae, Cucurbitaceae, Solanaceae, Rutaceae and other families. S. frugiperda is a taxonomic entity with reliable methods for identification. It is regulated in the EU as a harmful organism whose introduction into the EU is banned. It is native to tropical and subtropical regions of the Americas and migrates to temperate regions in North and South America during the summer. Establishment in temperate areas is prevented by its inability to overwinter. S. frugiperda has been intercepted on plant produce entering the EU. Phytosanitary measures are available to impede entry via traded commodities. In 2016, S. frugiperda was reported damaging maize in Africa. Subsequent reports indicate that it continues to spread severely damaging maize and other crops. If S. frugiperda spreads into north Africa, the likelihood of adults migrating into the temperate EU increases. Within the scope and level of analysis appropriate for pest categorisation, the EFSA Plant Health Panel concludes that S. frugiperda could establish in a small area of the southern EU from where it is likely to enter more northern regions forming transient summer populations, particularly in maize growing regions where impacts on yield could occur. However, uncertainties regarding establishment remain. Considering the criteria within the remit of EFSA to assess as regards status as a potential Union quarantine pest (QP) or as a potential regulated non-quarantine pest (RNQP), S. frugiperda satisfies the criteria to be regarded a Union QP but does not meet the criteria of (i) occurring in the EU territory, and (ii) plants for planting being the principal means of spread, criteria required for RNQP status.
Jurnal Perlindungan Tanaman Indonesia, 2022
Spodoptera frugiperda J.E. Smith (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) or commonly known as fall armyworm (FAW), originated from the tropic and subtropic regions of America. In 2016, S. frugiperda was detected in the African continent. It rapidly spread and was reported to be detected in almost completely across Sub Saharan Africa, Europe, and Asia. S. frugiperda can infest more than 350 plant species, including corn, paddy, sorghum, barley, sugarcane, vegetables and cotton. However, S. frugiperda cause most damage on corn and result in yield and economic loss (FAO, 2018; FAO & CABI, 2019; CABI, 2020). According to Early et al. (2018), yield loss caused by S. frugiperda reached 20-50% in African countries that also affected farmers. Maruthadurai & Ramesh (2020) also reported that S. frugiperda damage caused losses up to 16-52% for livestock fed in India. Spodoptera frugiperda is a new pest that damage corn in Indonesia and has been first reported in 2019 at the District of Karo, North Sumatera and infested 1000 ha of corn field. This pest has been reported to infest corn fields in Lampung with damages reaching 30% (5-week old corn plants) and 10% (7-week old corn plants). Damage caused
Pest categorisation of Melampsora farlowii
EFSA Journal
Following a request from the European Commission, the EFSA Panel on Plant Health performed a pest categorisation of Melampsora farlowii, a well-defined and distinguishable fungus of the family Melampsoraceae. M. farlowii is the causal agent of a leaf and twig rust of hemlocks (Tsuga spp.) in eastern North America. The pathogen is regulated in Council Directive 2000/29/EC (Annex IAI) as a harmful organism whose introduction into the EU is banned. M. farlowii is not reported to be present in Europe and could enter the EU via host plants for planting and cut branches. Cones and fruits are listed as plant parts that can carry the pest in trade and transport, but are not regulated. The pathogen could establish in the EU, as climatic conditions are favourable and Tsuga spp. have been planted as ornamentals and in plantations in several EU countries. M. farlowii would be able to spread following establishment by human movement of host plants for planting and cut branches, as well as natural spread. Should the pathogen be introduced in the EU, impacts can be expected on Tsuga spp. plantations, ornamental trees and especially nurseries. Hemlock rust is considered a destructive rust attacking Tsuga spp., particularly Tsuga canadensis in nurseries. The main uncertainties concern whether the impact of the pathogen in plantations under European conditions could be different than observed in eastern North America, whether fruit/cones of Tsuga can be a pathway of entry, and the dissemination potential of the pathogen under European conditions. However, M. farlowii is found in North America in most of the natural distribution range of T. canadensis, suggesting little dispersal limitation of the pathogen. The criteria assessed by the Panel for consideration as a potential quarantine pest are met, whilst, for regulated non-quarantine pests, the criterion on the pest presence in the EU is not met.
2021
Mycobiocontrol is a promising management strategy in mitigating the fall armyworm Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) infestation in the Philippines. An isolate of Metarhizium (=Nomuraea) rileyi (Farlow) Samson from onion or beet armyworm, S. exigua, which induced high mortality to this pest, was assessed against different larval instars of S. frugiperda. Surface-sterilized corn leaves were treated with different conidial concentrations and fed to S. frugiperda larvae. Cross infection of this entomopathogenic fungus to S. frugiperda was confirmed with a fungal infection that was initiated at 1-2 d post-treatment depending on the age of the larvae. Larval mortality significantly increased at 4-5 d post-treatment. Up to 100% larval mortality was recorded at 7 d post-treatment. Early larval instars (1 st-3 rd) were more susceptible than late larval instars (4 th-6 th). Higher conidial concentrations caused a higher and faster rate of larval mortality than lower conidial concentrations. The inflicted mycoses due to M. rileyi resulted in a slightly lower lethal dose (LD 50) (1.44 x 10 5 to 9.36 x 10 8 conidia • mL-1) and shorter mean time to death (4.51-8.89 d). Mummification of the cadaver confirmed fungal infection with white fungal growth that later changed to green during sporulation. Our findings suggest the infectivity of M. rileyi and can be explored as a biological control agent against S. frugiperda.