Socioeconomic Status and Health Among Californians: An Examination of Multiple Pathways (original) (raw)
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PLOS ONE
Unhealthy food advertisements (“advertisements” hereafter referred to as “ads”) are linked to poor diet and obesity, and food companies disproportionally target Black youth. Little is known about the mechanisms whereby food ads influence diet. One possibility may be racially-targeted ads that appeal to Black youth. Those with food-related attentional biases may be especially vulnerable. The objective of this project was to assess the feasibility and initial effects of a pilot study testing the influence of racially-targeted food ads and food-related attentional biases on eating behaviors among a sample of Black adolescent females. Feasibility of recruitment, retention, and procedures were examined. Participants (N = 41, 12-17y) were randomized to view a television episode clip of the Big Bang Theory embedded with either four 30-second racially-targeted food ads or neutral ads. A computer dot probe task assessed food-related attentional biases. The primary outcome was caloric consump...
Food Messages on African American Television Shows
American Journal of Public Health, 2003
American female adolescents, given their high level of exposure to rap music videos and the degrading portrayal of African American females in many rap music videos. 12,13 Future research on rap music videos should be conducted among different adolescent populations. Additional research should examine whether level of attention to rap music videos and changes in mediators, moderators, and exposure differentially affect the relation between exposure to rap music videos and adolescent health. Furthermore, public health practitioners are ideally suited to educate communities, schools, and advocacy groups about the potential public health risks associated with exposure to rap music videos in African American adolescent females. 2
TV Viewing and BMI by Race/Ethnicity and Socio-Economic Status
PLoS ONE, 2013
Objective: To assess the association between TV viewing and obesity by race/ethnicity and socioeconomic status. Design: Cross-sectional analysis of 5,087 respondents to the Health Information National Trends Survey (HINTS), a nationally representative sample of US adults. Multivariate regression models were computed to assess the association between quartiles of TV viewing and BMI, stratified by race/ethnicity, educational attainment, employment and health insurance status. Results: Findings indicate that increased TV viewing was associated with higher odds for being overweight/obese in the entire sample, while adjusting for physical activity and other confounders. After stratification by race/ethnicity, increased odds for overweight/obesity in the 3 rd and 4 th quartiles of TV viewing (e.g., 3 rd quartile-cumulative OR = 1.43, 95%CI 1.07-1.92) was observed in non-Hispanic whites, with statistical significance. In non-Hispanic blacks and Hispanics, the odds were similar to whites, but did not reach statistical significance. Significant relations between greater TV viewing and increased BMI were observed in college graduates and non-graduates, those with health insurance and the employed. Conclusions: This study extends previous research by examining potential inconsistencies in this association between various racial/ethnic groups and some socioeconomic variables, which primarily were not found.
ObesiTV: How television is influencing the obesity epidemic
Physiology & Behavior, 2012
Obesity is a major public health concern in the United States. Over the last several decades, the prevalence of obesity among both adults and children has grown at an alarming rate and is now reaching epidemic proportions. The increase in obesity has been associated with rises in a host of other chronic conditions including cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, and some cancers. While the causes of obesity are multifaceted, there is growing evidence that television viewing is a major contributor. Results of numerous studies indicate a direct association between time spent watching television and body weight. Possible explanations for this relationship include: 1) watching television acts as a sedentary replacement for physical activity; 2) food advertisements for nutrient-poor, high-calorie foods stimulate food intake; and 3) television viewing is associated with "mindless" eating. In addition to decreasing physical activity and increasing the consumption of highly palatable foods, television viewing can also promote weight gain in indirect ways, such as through the use of targeted product placements in television shows; by influencing social perceptions of body image; and airing programs that portray cooking, eating and losing weight as entertainment. This paper will provide an interdisciplinary review of the direct and indirect ways in which television influences the obesity epidemic, and conclude with ways in which the negative impact of television on obesity could be reduced.
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
Food and beverage marketing is a major driver of childhood obesity, and companies target their least nutritious products to Black youth. However, little is known about adolescents’ perceptions of and responses to racially targeted food marketing. In this qualitative study, we investigated how Black and White adolescents perceived and responded to racially targeted television commercials for food and beverages. We recruited 39 adolescents aged 12–17 years in New York City to watch a series of commercials and then participate in an in-depth interview using a semi-structured interview guide. The research team recorded, transcribed, and analyzed interviews using ATLAS.ti. Overall, participants responded positively to commercials that featured celebrities. They were also able to recognize the commercials and reported they had been exposed to marketing from these companies on social media and in subways/buses. Many participants considered the advertised brands as healthy or able to enhanc...
Mass Media Making Its Impact on Overweight and Obesity: A Developmental Overview
Obesity has become one of the most prevalent topics of interest in the United States due to the increasing number of overweight and obese children and adults in the past few decades. According to the Center for Disease Control and Prevention (2015), these numbers have been on the rise (e.g., Alabama's obese population is at 33%), with some states reaching beyond 35% of the population in the obese category. Typically, children in the United States grow up in environments saturated by food and beverage marketing, the bulk of which comprises foods low in nutrients and high in calories, sugars, salt, and fat. Mass media, in various formats influences such food choices and consumptions. Influences of television on the behaviors and habits of children and adolescents (up to 18 years) have been under study for the past two decades extensively. Current literature review seeks to identify the cognitive and behavioral factors that occur among children and young adults who make semi-autonomous and autonomous decisions regarding their lives, particularly about their food. The review would examine the various channels of media – audiovisual, print, and online, that could affect the food choices, food intake, and overall obesity among young adults. A conceptual model for understanding the various factors influencing eating behaviors of adolescents and young adults has been proposed by Story & Stang (2005). It includes the following major and sub-categories of influencing factors namely, personal, environmental, large macrosystem and other contributing factors.
2016
Obesity and overweight disproportionately impact Black American adolescent females-placing them at a lifetime of elevated physical health risks. Despite this burden, the literature that explores the contributors to obesity and overweight among Black American adolescent females remains limited and unclear. This dissertation aims to develop knowledge related to obesity and overweight in Black American adolescent females, by appraising the current understanding of factors that contribute to their obesity and overweight, and explicating the everyday social influences on dietary practices. The primary study conducted for this dissertation used a mixed method, multiple case study design to examine the mother, daughter, and other household contributors to Black American adolescent daughters' everyday practices of food consumption, acquisition, preparation, and planning. Findings reveal the importance of understanding the complex and dynamic ways mothers and other household members cont...
2016
Obesity and Overweight among Black American Adolescent Females: The Role of Social Influences in Everyday Dietary Practices by Megan R. Winkler School of Nursing Duke University Date:_______________________ Approved: ___________________________ Debra H. Brandon, Chair ___________________________ Gary. G. Bennett ___________________________ Sharron L. Docherty ___________________________ Leigh Ann Simmons An abstract of a dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Nursing in the Graduate School of Duke University