Postpartum depression in an Indian community: more prevalent less addressed issue (original) (raw)
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A STUDY ON PREVALENCE OF POSTPARTUM DEPRESSION AT TERTIARY HOSPITAL, WEST BENGAL
INDIAN JOURNAL OF APPLIED RESEARCH, 2021
The investigators assessed the prevalence of Postpartum Depression (PPD), its clinical features and relationship of PPD with socio-demographical and obstetrical factors. The samples were selected from the OPD and IPD, of a Medical college in Kolkata.. Observational study was performed on 500(N=500) postpartum mothers who were selected by using Simple Random Sampling Technique within the six weeks of postpartum period. Data were collected by using the Structured Questionnaire for background information, Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (Bengali Version of EPDS) for postpartum depression. Data analysis was performed using Descriptive Statistics, Chi-square, Logistic Regression and Decision Tree. A total of 112 (Prevalence Rate 22.4%) postpartum mothers had PPD. Stepwise logistic regression model correctly classied 92.2% of women who developed PPD. Using logistic regression model, postpartum depression is best predicted by: No. of Postpartum days p< 0.001***, Age of the mother p<0.024**, Religion p<0.003**, Type of family p<0.020**, Education of the mother p<0.001***, Monthly Income of the family p<0.001***, No of other living children p<0.001***, Pregnancy outcome p<0.033**, Any complication during pregnancy / delivery/ postpartum p< 0.001*** and Problems with family members p< 0.001***. The study recommends that evaluation should be carried out for Postpartum Depression and its risk factors to prevent and treat PPD in a timely manner.
A study on prevalence of post-partum depression and its associated risk factors
Telangana Journal of Psychiatry, 2020
Introduction: Postnatal depression (PND) is a common psychiatric disorder and is considered a serious public health issue. It is diagnosed in about 50% of the women during first year after delivery. Objective: To assess the prevalence of PND and study the associated risk factors. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted in government Obstetrics & Gynecology Hospital in Khammam, Telangana from September 2016 to March 2017. A total of 150 women after delivery were included in the study. A semi structured proforma for sociodemographic details and the Edinburg Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) for screening for depressive symptoms were used to collect data from women between 1st and 8th postpartum weeks. Institutes ethics committee approval was taken and consent taken from study participants. Results: Prevalence of PND was 24%. PND showed significant association with primiparous women, husband's occupation, unplanned pregnancy and women who preferred male child but gave birth to a female child. Conclusion: PND screening should be an integral part of postnatal care, so that they are counseled early, thereby preventing future complications.
Postpartum Depression and its Risk Factors among Indian Women
Nursing Journal of India
Postpartum depression (PPD) is a mood disorder that can affect women after childbirth. The ill effects of PPD include maladaptive mother-infant interactions, negative effect on cognitive and behavioural development of infants. There are wide variations in reported prevalence of PPD ranging from 0.5 percent to 60 percent among various countries as estimated by the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS). PPD screening is not a routine part of postpartum care in India and postpartum women suffering from PPD may remain largely unrecognized and untreated. The study aimed to assess the prevalence of depression and its risk factors in postpartum women attending well-baby clinic at 6 weeks postpartum at a tertiary hospital in India. A total of 284 women who came for immunisation of their babies in well baby clinic at 6 to 8 weeks postpartum were assessed for PPD using the EPDS, after taking consent. Ethical approval was taken from the ethics committee of the organisation. Demographic p...
A study of postpartum depression and its risk factors in a Tertiary Hospital in India
2021
Background. To determine the proportion of postpartum depression in women attending a Tertiary Hospital and to determine and study the risk factors associated with postpartum depression. Methods. The present study was a Hospital based Cross-sectional study in which 561 women were assessed on the 3 rd postnatal day and at 6 weeks postpartum for depression and Results. Total number of 600 postnatal women participated in the study. 39 women were lost to follow up at 6 weeks. Final sample size for analysis 561. Out of the total 561 postnatal women, 135 of them had a score of > 13 on the EPDS on the 3 rd postpartum day, indicating 24.1% of the postnatal women with "Postpartum Blues". The proportion of postpartum depression was 7.7%. Conclusions. The present study found factors like Age of the woman, low level of education, low socioeconomic status, age at marriage, primiparity, obstetric complications, previous miscarriage, preference for a male child, neonatal complications, psychiatric disorder, living in joint families, marital conwere the risk factors for Postpartum depression. There was no association between postpartum depression and factors like or unplanned, infertility treatment, mode of delivery (vaginal or caesarean, medical comorbidities and adverse life event during pregnancy). SOMMARIO Contesto. Determinare la percentuale di depressione postpartum nelle donne che frequentano un ospedale terziario e studiare i fattori di rischio associati alla depressione postpartum. Metodi. Il presente studio era uno studio trasversale basato sull'ospedale in cui 561 donne sono state valutate per la deterzo giorno dopo il parto ed a 6 settimane. Risultati. 600 donne hanno partecipato allo studio a seguito del parto. 39 donne sono state perse al follow-up a 6 settimane.
A preliminary study on identifying specific risk factors of post-partum depression
International Journal of Reproduction, Contraception, Obstetrics and Gynecology
Background: Pregnancy and childbirth are important events in the life of a woman and also highly vulnerable period of various physiological and psychological illnesses. Several literatures propound that 22% young Indian mothers are showing depressive symptoms after delivery. The consequence of maternal depression is adverse both for mother and development of the child. Objective of this study was to examine the social and obstetric factors contributing post-partum depression.Methods: Women, 18-35 years of age, having four days to one-year postpartum period was taken from the tertiary care hospital settings. Terminal illness, still birth delivery and comorbid psychiatric illness was excluded. Screening and diagnosis of postpartum depression done based on international classification of diseases (ICD 10) using Edinburgh post-natal depression scale (EPDS). A comparative approach by the means of descriptive statistics was implied for data analysis where mothers with depressive symptoms ...
National Journal of Community Medicine, 2018
Introduction: Postnatal depression (PND) is a public health problem as it arises as a common complication of childbearing and it significantly affects women and their families Objectives: To determine the prevalence of postnatal depression among women attending a Tertiary Care Hospital in Davangere and identify the risk factors determining postnatal depression. Methodology: A cross sectional study conducted in a Tertiary Care Hospital in Davangere district, Karnataka among 151 women in postnatal period. The Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) is used as screening tool identifying patients at risk for postnatal depression. Data is collected by interview method and analyzed using SPSS. Results: This study revealed postnatal depression to be 23(15.2%) among the study participants according to EPDS score >10. Statistical Analysis revealed significant association of socio demographic factors like type of family, obstetric factors like mode of delivery, type of delivery, complications in pregnancy and other factors like Low mood during pregnancy. Conclusion This study we found the prevalence of post partum depression to be 15.2%. Development of a routine screening program to screen all post natal women using a validated screening tool can be really helpful in timely interventions when needed.
RISK FACTORS OF POSTPARTUM DEPRESSION AMONG THE POSTNATAL MOTHERS
University Journal of Nursing Sciences, 2017
Depression is a major public health problem that is twice as common in women as men during the childbearing years. A case control study was conducted to assess the risk factors of postpartum depression among the postnatal mothers in the selected corporation health centers at Chennai. Research Methodology: A retrospective case control study was conducted at a corporation health center in Saidapet, Chennai with the Sample size of 256 using purposive sampling technique. Tools such as a validated Tamil version of the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) and Checklist of obstetrical risk factors and psychosocial risk factors were used to collect the data. Results: Findings revealed that among 256 postnatal mothers, 23% of the mothers were depressed (cases) and, 18% were in the borderline depression (controls) and 59% had no postpartum depression (controls). Among demographic risk factors of Postpartum Depression, illiteracy was found to be the significant risk factor. None of the obstetrical variables were found to be the significant risk factors of postpartum depression. Psychosocial factors such as history of Depression, anxiety, psychosis during this pregnancy, unhappy married life, history of major life events in the last one year, financial difficulties, Problems with in laws, lack of Support from the husband and others were found to be the significant risk factors of postpartum depression. Conclusion: Since the prevalence of the postpartum depression is high needs of the postnatal must be addressed adequately especially with regard to psychosocial factors. Key Words" Risk Factors, Post partum Depression, Post Natal Mothers
International Journal of Midwifery and Nursing Practice
Background: Mood disturbance represents the most frequent from of maternal psychiatric morbidity in the postpartum period. Maternal sadness affects approximately 50-80% of women in the puerperal period with about 20% of those women developing postpartum depression. Aim: The aim of the study was to assess the prevalence of postpartum depression among postnatal mothers. Objectives: To determine the prevalence of postpartum depression among postnatal mothers. 2. To associate the prevalence of postpartum depression among postnatal mothers with their selected socio demographic variables. Methodology: 100 postnatal mothers living in Venkatachalam Village, Nellore were selected by using Non-probability convenience sampling method. Results: Regarding the prevalence of postpartum depression, among 100 samples, 52(52%) had no depression, 30 (30%) had mild depression and 18 (18%) had moderate depression and no one had severe depression.
Characteristics of Postpartum Depression in Anand District, Gujarat, India
Journal of Tropical Pediatrics, 2015
Characteristics of postpartum depression (PPD) in Anand District, Gujarat, India. PPD affects 1 in 10 women in the developed world. It has been implicated as an independent factor with adverse effect on child health, and health care-seeking behavior of mothers. We sought to find the prevalence of PPD in our hospital by including mothers who registered and delivered live babies at our hospital. Basic demographic information related to pregnancy was acquired from mothers and Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS), pre-translated and validated in Gujarati language, was administered. Current study observed prevalence of PPD as 48.5% using cutoff score of 10.5 for classifying depression in Gujarati women. Factors associated with depression after multivariable logistic regression were: age of mother, modified Kuppuswami category (MKC) score, family type, violence from husband, gravida, para and sex of infant. PPD has higher prevalence in our study visa -vis Western countries. This may be because of early administration of EPDS.