Do Hip and Ankle Strength as well as Range of Motion Predict Y-Balance Test - Lower Quarter Performance in Healthy Males? (original) (raw)
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The Relationship Between Hip Strength and the Y-Balance Test
Journal of sport rehabilitation, 2017
The Y-Balance Test was developed as a test of dynamic postural control and has been shown to be predictive of lower extremity injury. However, the relationship between hip strength and performance on the Y-Balance Test has not been fully elucidated. The goal of this study was to identify the relationship between components of isometric hip strength and the Y-Balance Test, to provide clinicians better guidance as to specific areas of muscle performance to address in the event of poor performance on the Y-Balance Test. Laboratory Study. Biomechanics Laboratory. Seventy-three healthy participants, 40 males and 33 females, volunteered for this study. None. Participants completed the Y-Balance Test on the right leg. We then measured peak isometric torque in hip external rotation, abduction, and extension. Correlations were calculated between torque measurements, normalized for mass, and Y-Balance Test performance. Significant relationships were used in linear regression models to determi...
Relationship between Unilateral Leg Extension Strength and Dynamic Balance in Healthy Young Men
Applied Sciences
It is well known that the quadriceps muscle group is involved in activity during dynamic balance and that dynamic balance tests are an important feedback tool for predicting lower limb injuries. However, the relationship between maximum leg extension strength and performance in the Y Balance Test is not fully known. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between unilateral leg extension strength and dynamic balance in healthy young men. The study was conducted as a cross-sectional study. A total of 33 healthy men (mean age ± standard deviation = 21.21 ± 1.24 years) volunteered for this study. The participants’ dynamic balance was determined with the Y Balance Test and unilateral one repetition maximum strength was determined by the leg extension machine. The same side was preferred for strength and dynamic balance measurements. Normalized reach, composite score, and absolute and relative strength values were analyzed for correlations. Linear regression analysis wa...
International Journal of Medical and Health Sciences Research, 2017
Background: The physical-and-physiological factors that modulate balance performance are currently not well elucidated in the extant literature. Objectives: This study investigated the viability of using demographic factors, physical and physiological variables to predict balance performance. Methods: 150 adult males consented and completed all the 17 tests required. Their anthropometric indices (leg length, thigh and calf circumferences, height, body weight, quotelet index, body surface area), dominant leg isometric muscle strength (quadriceps femoris, hamstrings, plantar flexors and dorsiflexors), spinal mobility (back extension and forward flexion), aerobic capacity, isometric back extensor strength, abdominal muscular endurance and the non-timed criterion unipedal stance performance with eyes opened and eyes closed were measured using standard protocols. Results: Significant positive correlations were obtained between several of the independent variables. Thigh circumference was significantly related to quadriceps femoris strength (r = 0.545, p<0.001), hamstrings strength (r = 0.4.57, p<0.001), plantar flexor strength (r = 0.249, p<0.002), and dorsiflexors strength (r = 0.2496, p<0.002). The 17 independent variables combined contributed significantly (F = 2.051, p<0.05) to the prediction of balance performance with eyes opened. Unexpectedly, only 20.9% of the variance in balance performance was accounted for by the 17 independent variables. Stature and the plantar flexor muscle strength were the two viable predictors of balance performance when the eyes is opened; stature contributed 5.5% and the plantar flexor muscle strength contributed 3.8%. Abdominal muscular endurance contributed 3.1% out of the combined 14.4% variance in balance performance when the eyes are closed. Conclusions: From a practical perspective, the contribution of the 17 physical-and-physiological variables monitored in this study to the prediction of balance performance is dreary; therefore, follow-up studies should explore other independent variables. Contribution/ Originality: This study is the first to evaluate the viability of using multiple combinations of physical-and-physiological variables to predict balance performance. The regression equations derived in this study can be used to estimate the balance performance of young adult males.
Measures of functional performance and their association with hip and thigh strength
Journal of athletic training, 2015
Insufficient hip and thigh strength may increase an athlete's susceptibility to injury. However, screening for strength deficits using isometric and isokinetic instrumentation may not be practical in all clinical scenarios. To determine if functional performance tests are valid indicators of hip and thigh strength. Descriptive laboratory study. Research laboratory. Sixty-two recreationally athletic men (n = 30, age = 21.07 years, height = 173.84 cm, mass = 81.47 kg) and women (n = 32, age = 21.03 years, height = 168.77 cm, mass = 68.22 kg) participants were recruited. During session 1, we measured isometric peak force and rate of force development for 8 lower extremity muscle groups, followed by an isometric endurance test. During session 2, participants performed functional performance tests. Peak force, rate of force development, fatigue index, hop distance (or height), work (joules), and number of hops performed during the 30-second lateral-hop test were assessed. The r value...
International journal of sports physical therapy, 2017
Balance is a complex construct, affected by multiple components such as strength and co-ordination. However, whilst assessing an athlete's dynamic balance is an important part of clinical examination, there is no gold standard measure. The multiple single-leg hop-stabilization test is a functional test which may offer a method of evaluating the dynamic attributes of balance, but it needs to show adequate intra-tester reliability. The purpose of this study was to assess the intra-rater reliability of a dynamic balance test, the multiple single-leg hop-stabilization test on the dominant and non-dominant legs. Intra-rater reliability study. Fifteen active participants were tested twice with a 10-minute break between tests. The outcome measure was the multiple single-leg hop-stabilization test score, based on a clinically assessed numerical scoring system. Results were analysed using an Intraclass Correlations Coefficient (ICC2,1) and Bland-Altman plots. Regression analyses explored...
BioMed Research International, 2020
Objectives. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the correlation between dynamic test results obtained on a stabilometric platform and the results achieved on the Y-balance test (Y-BT). Method. The study group consisted of 52 adolescent athletes, aged 14 to 17 years. Each participant was evaluated in the scope of their ability to maintain dynamic balance using the Y-BT as well as via dynamic tests on the ‘Alfa’ stabilometric platform. The following parameters were analysed: (a) from the Y-BT—relative reach of the right and left lower limbs in the anterior, posterolateral, and posteromedial directions, as well as the side-to side difference in relative reach for each direction and (b) from the ‘Alfa’ platform—path length and time to reach the target using right and left lower limbs in the anterior and posterior directions. Results. A correlation between the results obtained on the stabilometric platform and the Y-BT was found only for the posteromedial direction. Statistical anal...
Frontiers in Physiology
Background: According to dynamical systems theory, an increase in movement variability leads to greater adaptability, which may be related to the number of feedforward and feedback mechanisms associated with movement and postural control. Using Higuchi dimension (HDf) to measure complexity of the signal and Singular Value Decomposition Entropy (SvdEn) to measure the number of attributes required to describe the biosignal, the purpose of this study was to determine the effect of kinesiology and strapping tape on center of pressure dynamics, myoelectric muscle activity, and joint angle during the Y balance test. Method: Forty-one participants between 18 and 34 years of age completed five trials of the Y balance test without tape, with strapping tape (ST), and with kinesiology tape (KT) in a cross-sectional study. The mean and standard errors were calculated for the center of pressure, joint angles, and muscle activities with no tape, ST, and KT. The results were analyzed with a repeated measures ANOVA model (P A < 0.05) fit and followed by Tukey post hoc analysis from the R package with probability set at P < 0.05. Results: SvdEn indicated significantly decreased complexity in the anterior-posterior (p < 0.05) and internal-external rotation (p < 0.001) direction of the ankle, whilst HDf for both ST and KT identified a significant increase in ankle dynamics when compared to no tape (p < 0.0001) in the mediolateral direction. Taping also resulted in a significant difference in gastrocnemius muscle myoelectric muscle activity between ST and KT (p = 0.047). Conclusion: Complexity of ankle joint dynamics increased in the sagittal plane of movement with no significant changes in the possible number of physiological attributes. In contrast, the number of possible physiological attributes contributing to ankle movement was significantly lower in the frontal and transverse planes. Simply adhering tape to the skin is sufficient to influence neurological control and adaptability of movement. In addition, adaptation of ankle joint dynamics to retain postural stability during a Y Balance test is achieved differently depending on the direction of movement.
The influence of quadriceps and hamstring strength on balance performance
Physical Education of Students
Background and Study Aim. Muscular strength and balance are important components of athletic performance, and the muscles around the knee (Quadriceps and Hamstrings) provide joint stability when the knee is in motion. The aim of this study was to analyze the correlation between quadriceps/hamstring (H/Q) muscle strength, Hamstring/Quadriceps (H/Q) strength ratio and balance performance. Material and Methods. Ten male volunteers with an average age of 21.60±2.11 years, height 176.40±4.67 cm, and body weight 76.50±8.85 kg, who were students of the Faculty of Sports Sciences. Performance tests included dynamic and static balance using the Biodex Balance System and isokinetic strength using the Cybex Humac NORM®. Results. Statistically significant (p<0.05) results in dynamic balance scores were found in the correlation of H/Q ratio and overall stability index (OSI) in the left leg (r =-0.645), and in the correlation of peak torque hamstring and anterior-posterior stability index (APS...
Influence of quadriceps angle on static and dynamic balance in young adults
Journal of Back and Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation, 2019
BACKGROUND: Changes in postural stability may be a reason for injuries in individuals who have altered musculoskeletal alignment. Q angle (QA) has shown to be a predictor for lower extremity injuries. However, the relationship between balance and QA has not been investigated in young adults. OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study was to investigate the relationship between QA and balance in young adults. METHODS: Ninety participants performed the single leg stance test (SLST) and Star Excursion Balance Test (SEBT) to assess static and dynamic balance, respectively. QA was measured using a manual goniometer. Participants were divided into low, normal and high QA groups. RESULTS: The relationship between SLST and QA was not statistically significant in both eyes opened and closed condition (r = −0.030, p = 0.782; r = 0.031, p = 0.774; respectively). SLST scores did not differ among the three groups in both eyes opened and closed condition (p = 0.781, p = 0.790; respectively). QA significantly correlated with lateral, posterolateral directions and sum score of SEBT (r = 0.240, p = 0.023; r = 0.269, p = 0.010; r = 0.210, p = 0.047). The comparisons among the low, normal and high Q angle groups' SEBT scores showed that balance performance in L direction was poorer in low QA group (p = 0.027). CONCLUSIONS: The results of the study showed that QA and dynamic balance have a significant relationship. To reduce musculoskeletal injury risk, the dynamic balance should be assessed in young adults who have lower QA.
Study Design: Case control study. Objectives: The objectives of this study are: (1) to perform factor analyses on data from the 8 components of the star excursion balance test (SEBT) in subjects with and without chronic ankle instability (CAI) in an effort to reduce the number of components of the SEBT, (2) to assess the relationships between performance of the different reach directions using correlation analyses, and (3) to determine which components of the SEBT are most affected by CAI. Background: The SEBT is a series of 8 lower-extremity-reaching tasks purported to be useful in identifying lower extremity functional deficits. Methods and Measures: Forty-eight young adults with unilateral CAI (22 males, 26 females; mean ± SD age, 20.9 ± 3.2 years; mean ± SD height, 173.6 ± 11.1 cm; mean ± SD mass, 80.1 ± 22.1 kg) and 39 controls (23 males, 16 females; mean ± SD age, 20.7 ± 2.4 years; mean ± SD height, 174.1 ± 12.9 cm; mean ± SD mass, 75.1 ± 18.6 kg) performed 3 trials of the 8 tasks with each of their limbs. Separate exploratory factor analyses were performed on data for involved limbs of the CAI group, uninvolved limbs of the CAI and control groups, and both limbs of the CAI and control groups. Pearson product moment correlations were calculated to identify the relationships between the different reach directions. A series of eight 2 × 2 analyses of variance were calculated to determine the influence of group (CAI, control) and side (involved, uninvolved) on performance of the 8 tasks. Results: For all 3 factor analyses, only 1 factor in each analysis produced an eigenvalue greater than 1 and the posteromedial reach score was the most strongly correlated task with the computed factor (␣ Ͼ .90), although all 8 tasks produced alpha scores greater than .67. Bivariate correlations between specific reach directions ranged from .40 to .91. Subjects with CAI reached significantly less on the anteromedial, medial, and posteromedial directions when balancing on their involved limbs compared to their uninvolved limbs and the side-matched limbs of controls. Conclusions: The posteromedial component of the SEBT is highly representative of the performance of all 8 components of the test in limbs with and without CAI. There is considerable redundancy in the 8 tasks. The anteromedial, medial, and posteromedial reach tasks may be used clinically to test for functional deficits related to CAI in lieu of testing all 8 tasks. There is a need for a hypothesis-driven study to confirm the results of this exploratory study.