Epidemiological and Hematological Investigations of Tick-Borne Diseases in Small Ruminants in South Waziristan Tribal District, Pakistan (original) (raw)
Related papers
2017
Parasitism is considered as an important risk factor for the productive capacity of small ruminants and it causes huge economic losses in most parts of the world, including Pakistan. This study was designed with the objective to determine the hematological profile and prevalence of haemo-parasitic diseases in small ruminants and to correlate it with its health status. Total of 300 blood samples (Sheep, n=249, Goat, n=52) were collected from different areas of Peshawar and Khyber agency. Samples were processed for the presence of haemo-parasites and different hematological parameters were estimated. Prevalence of haemo-parasitic diseases was recorded as 40, 7 and 6% for anaplasmosis, babesiosis and theileriosis, respectively. Different risk factors were studied but no statistical significant changes (p>0.05) were observed in prevalence of haemo-parasitic diseases with respect to season, location, specie, age and sex. Hematological profile of diseased animals showed significant decrease (p<0.05) in TEC, Hb, PCV, MCH and MCV while no significant changes (p>0.05) were observed in MCHC and TLC. On basis of erythrocytic indices in sheep anemia can be classified as macrocytic normochromic while in goats anemia was recorded as macrocytic hypochromic. It can be concluded from the results that anaplasmosis was the most prevalent haemo-parasitic disease followed by Babesiosis and Theileriosis in the stdudy area and along with general health status of the animal it also affect the hematological profile of animals.
Tick Borne Hemoparasitic Diseases of Ruminants: A Review
2015
Tick borne diseases are caused by different microorganisms and transmitted by ticks. They are the most prevalent and devastating diseases in the developing countries all over the world. The objective of this paper is to review tick borne hemoparasitic diseases of ruminants. Tick borne hemoparasitic diseases of ruminants such as Anaplasmosis, Babesiosis and Theileriosis remain most important in tropics areas. Anaplasmosis, a rickettsial disease of blood caused by Anaplasma marginale and characterized by progressive anemia, jaundice and fever without hemoglobinuria. Babesiosis is the other tick- borne disease caused by protozoan of the genus Babesia and characterized by haemolytic anemia and fever, with hemoglobinuria. It is a disease with a world-wide distribution affecting many species of mammals with a major impact on cattle.Theilerioses is also a tick borne protozoal disease in ruminants caused by hemoprotozoan parasites belonging to the genus Theileria. Theileria parva, is the mo...
Haemoparasites reduces productivity and may lead to high mortality among animals. The present study was carried out to evaluate the heamotological change in cattle of different districts in West Bengal, India affected with naturally occurring tickborne haemoparasitic diseases (TBHD). A total of 310 cattle blood samples were screened for the presence of haemoparasites from July, 2015 to June, 2016. The blood samples were examined for haemoparasites by making thin blood smear and staining with Giemsa’s stain. The result showed that108 (34.84%) cattle were found positive with TBHD, out of which 22.9% were Theileria sp, 5.8% were Babesia sp., 11.93% Anaplasma sp., and 5.8% were having mixed infection, respectively. The positive samples were subjected to estimations of haematological parameters i. e. Haemoglobin concentration (Hb), packed cell volume (PCV), total erythrocyte count (TEC) and Total leucocytes count (TLC) using standard protocol. The haematological analysis showed statistic...
Clinical and Laboratory Diagnosis of Some Blood Parasites in Dairy Cows in Qena Governorate
SVU-International Journal of Veterinary Sciences, 2022
Competing Abstract Bovine theileriosis, babesiosis and anaplasmosis are tick-borne hemoparasitic diseases and they are responsible for huge economic losses in livestock sector in Egypt. Currently, a total number of 110 dairy cows from different regions of Qena governorate, Egypt, were clinically and laboratory investigated for diagnosis of theileriosis, babesiosis and anaplasmosis using Giemsa stained blood film and Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) assay during the period from January 2019 to December 2019. On the basis of the obtained results, the overall prevalence of theileriosis, babesiosis and anaplasmosis among the screened cattle was 21.81%, 9.09% and 25.45 respectively. Furthermore, mixed infections were seen in nineteen cases (17.27%) on the basis of blood film examination. PCR assay results revealed that, the infection rate with theileriosis, babesiosis and anaplasmosis was 5.12%, 10.25% and 35.89%, respectively. While, 3 cows (7.69%) were found to harbor a mixed infection....
Veterinary Practitioner, 2021
This study was conducted to detect anemia caused by parasitic infection, by ways of determining changes in some blood values, and blood picture to evaluate the histological change. Blood samples were collected from Awassi sheep (150 animals as anaemic group and 75 as control group), in Salahudeen city. The samples were collected with ages varying from (1-5 years). The results showed a significant reduce in (PCV, (Hb), MCV, MCH, and MCHC). The results of the current study showed the presence of parasites of the following types Babesia, Thileria, Anaplasma, which caused anaemia of sheep's.
Iranian Journal of Veterinary Medicine, 2015
BACKGROUND: Ovine anaplasmosis and theileriosis are important tick-borne diseases of sheep and goats which are distributed in the tropical and subtropical areas of the world. OBJECTIVES: This study was performed to assess hematological status in sheep naturally infected with Anaplasma and Theileria spp. to clarify the pathogenic aspects of various species involved in ovine anaplasmosis and theileriosis in Ahvaz region. METHODS: 109 sheep were sampled, and blood parasite infections were diagnosed by microscopic examination and PCR. The blood samples were also subjected to hematologic assessment. RESULTS: PCR analysis revealed A. ovis infection in 86.2% of sheep, while mixed infections with A. marginale were also detected in 53.2% of them. However, Anaplasma inclusion bodies were only observed in 32.1% of the tested animals. T. ovis were found in 88% of the inspected sheep by PCR, and 67.8% of them were detected microscopically, as well. Hematologic assessment showed that mean RBC, PC...
Tropical Animal Health and Production, 2008
The study was carried out to detect Theileria annulata, the causative agent of theileriosis, and Babesia bovis, the causative agent for babesiosis, in Friesian cattle by PCR and conventional blood smear examination. One hundred blood samples obtained from diseased Friesian cattle kept on private livestock farms at Pattoki, District Kasur, Pakistan were collected in addition to 20 blood samples obtained from non-diseased animals. The disease manifestations observed clinically included high fever, swelling of sub mandibular and sub scapular lymph nodes, weakness, increased respiration and pulse, anorexia, loss of condition and rough hair coat. Neurologic sign of in coordination was also seen in weak animals. Signs of lacrimation, pale conjunctiva, diarrhoea, dyspnea and frothy nasal discharge were observed in only one animal. Clinically nine animals showed signs of haemoglobinuria. Diagnosis of bovine thei-leria and babesia species was based on finding many intraerythrocytic piroplasms of both blood protozoa with clinical signs associated with anaemia, lymph node hyperplasia and haemoglobinuria. One hundred samples of ticks were also collected for identification of vector. Results showed that the prevalence of Hyalomma tick was highest (15%) followed by Boophilus (12%), Haemaphysalis (5%) and Rhipicephalus (3%). The blood smear examination showed 21% (21/100) samples positive for blood parasites out of which 66.6% (14/ 21) samples were positive for theileriosis while 42.8% (9/21) were positive for babesiosis. It was also recorded that 66.66% (6/9) samples were positive for B.bigemina while 33.33% (3/9) were positive for B.bovis. The results showed that 60% (60/100) samples were positive for blood parasites by PCR test. Out of these 60% (36/60) were positive for T.annulata while 33.33% (20/60) were positive for babesia. The specificity and sensitivity of PCR test was higher than blood smear examination. The blood parameters in haemoparasites infection were also analyzed and the results showed significant decrease in total erythrocyte count and haemoglobin while MCV, MCH values increased and MCHC was slightly less than normal indicating macrocytic hypochromic anaemia.
Gastrointestinal and Haemoparasitism of Sheep and Goats at Slaughter in Kano Northern Nigeria
Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, 2011
This study, aims at determining the prevalence of haemo and gastrointestinal (GI) parasites of small ruminants in Kano as well as the effect of the parasites on the packed cell volume (PCV) and total plasma proteins (TPP) of the infected animals. Blood and faecal samples were collected randomly from 103 Yankassa sheep and 97 Kano brown goats. The faecal samples were examined by simple floatation technique for the presence of helminthes eggs and Coccidia oocysts while the blood samples were examined using the thin blood smear, wet mount, haematocrit centrifugation technique (HCT) and mice inoculation test for the presence of both intra and extracellular haemoparasites. The overall parasitic prevalence of 95.51% and 91.75% were observed in the sampled sheep and goats respectively. Also 74.76% of the sheep and 74.23% of the goats had only GI parasitic infection, while 18.45% of the sheep and 17.52% of the goats were concurrently infected with both GI and haemoparasites. However, only 1.94% of the sheep and no goat was habouring only haemoparasite. Strongyles, Coccidia and Moniezia were the GI parasites identified, with the highest prevalence observed with Coccidia and the least with Moniezia in both the sheep and goats. The haemoparasites recorded were Anaplasma ovis, Babesia ovis and Theileria ovis with A. ovis being the highest and B. ovis the least prevalent in both the sheep and goats. Significant decrease (p<0.05) in the mean PCV values of all the categories of the infected animals was observed in both animal species. However, the difference in mean TPP values of the infected animals was not significant (P>0.05) to that of the uninfected animals.
Evaluation of Haematological parameters in sheep infested with ticks in Sulaimani region
The study was carried out during summer months in the year 2012 in Sulaimani governorate to evaluate the effect of tick infestation on hematological parameters of sheep. Ticks were collected from 71out of 128 sheep and preserved in 70% alcohol for identification. Blood samples were collected from jugular vein into tubes containing anticoagulant for estimation of hematological parameters. Two species of ticks were identified; they were Hyalomma anatolicum anatolicum and H. marginatum. The total red blood cells, packed cells volume, mean corpuscular hemoglobin, mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration and platelets count were in infested sheep significantly lower than non-infested ones. Although the hemoglobin and mean corpuscular volume values in infested sheep were lower than normal non-infested sheep but it was statistically not significant. The total white blood cell count was significantly higher in infested sheep than non-infested ones. Introduction Sheep maintain a valuable ec...