A Comparative Analysis of Arabic Text Steganography (original) (raw)
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Enhancing Arabic Text Steganography Based on Unicode Features
International Journal of Computing and Digital Systems
Steganography is a technique used for hiding secret information or data in a text, image, audio, or video to make it harder for the attackers to detect the hidden information. Many techniques were developed that target the English language but only few Arabic text steganography techniques exist. In this paper, we explore steganography and its types, presented multiple techniques for Arabic steganography, discuss advantages and disadvantages of each technique and described the main functions in our implemented code, after that, we evaluate each technique and suggested improvements that can benefit each technique to enhance their capacity and minimize any problems that can face them to reach our main goal, which is to improve this field to be able to implement its without worrying about any disadvantages that the techniques may have.
Multimedia Tools and Applications, 2020
Steganography is the science of hiding information messages in groups of irrelevant data possibly of another form. Despite of several Arabic text steganography techniques that have been proposed in the literature, there are only limited number of researches that showed high steganography quality in terms of capacity and security. In this paper, we present a novel approach for hiding the secret bits within Arabic text by engaging Unicode standard. Our methods rely on the use of contextual form of Arabic characters to hide certain secret bits showing interesting feedback. Moreover, extra characters such as Zero-width-Joiner or Zero-width-without-joiner, Kashida, and MMSP, are all also used to further enhance the capacity, while preserving acceptable security. Our testing results show that these proposed techniques outperform most reviewed existing methods to be practical, i.e. in order of both efficiency measures of capacity and security. Moreover, our techniques can be widely adopted due to the use of Unicode, in Arabic as well as Urdu Languages, which is opening the research field for the encoding standards to be utilized differently benefitting the ongoing evolving World's text writing systems.
Functionality-Improved Arabic Text Steganography Based on Unicode Features
Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering, 2020
Steganography is the science of hiding secret messages in irrelevant data that is possibly of another form. Despite several Arabic text steganography techniques having been proposed in the literature, there is only a limited amount of research that shows high-quality steganography in terms of capacity and security. In this paper, we present a novel approach of hiding secret bits in Arabic text by using Unicode. Our method relies on the use of a contextual form of Arabic characters to hide certain secret bits. Extra characters, such as zero-width joiner, Kashida, and zero-width non-joiner, are also involved to further enhance the capacity while preserving security. Our experimental results show that the technique outperforms most reviewed existing methods in both capacity and security performance measures. Moreover, our technique can be widely adopted in any linked to Arabic characters, such as Urdu and Farsi as well as many languages benefiting from Unicode as the encoding standard possibly used for most of the world's writing systems.
EVALUATION OF STEGANOGRAPHY FOR URDU /ARABIC TEXT
2008
Establishing hidden communication and conveying information secretly has been of interest since long past ago. One of the methods introduced for establishing hidden communication is steganography. Methods of steganography have been mostly applied on images, audios, videos and text while the major characteristic of these methods are to change in the structure and features so as not to be identifiable by human users. Text documents have been widely used since very long time ago. Therefore, different methods of hiding information in texts (text steganography) are witnessed from the past to the present. In this paper a new approach for steganography in Arabic and Urdu texts is introduced. Considering the existence of harakaat/Araabs i.e. Fatha, Kasra, and Damma in Arabic and Urdu phrases, in this approach, by using Reverse Fatha, information is hidden in the texts. This approach can be categorized under feature coding methods. This method can be used for Arabic/Urdu Watermarking.
2009
Steganography is a method of hiding data within a cover media so that other individuals fail to realize their existence. In this paper, a new approach for steganography in Arabic texts is proposed. The main idea is that each Arabic word may have some characters which can be extended by 'Kashida'. The ranks 'locations' of such characters and the inserted Kashida, construct a coding method to represent a block of secret bits. Different scenarios have been proposed based on the maximum number of Kashida possible to be inserted per word. The approach was compared to some existing Arabic text steganography approaches in terms of capacity and security. It is shown that this proposed approach outperforms the others with interesting promising results.
Hybrid Arabic text steganography
2017
An improved method for Arabic text steganography is introduced in this paper. This method hides an Arabic text inside another based on a hybrid approach. Both Kashida and Arabic Diacritics are used to hide the Arabic text inside another text. In this improved method, the secret message is divided into two parts, the first part is to be hidden by the Kashida method, and the second is to be hidden by the Diacritics or Harakat method. For security purposes, we benefitted from the natural existence of Diacritics as a characteristic of Arabic written language, as used to represent vowel sounds. The paper exploits the possibility of hiding data in Fathah diacritic and Kashida punctuation marks, adjusting previously presented schemes that are based on a single method only. Here, the secret message is divided into two parts, the cover text is prepared, and then we apply the Harakat method on the first part. The Kashida method is applied on the second part, and then the two parts are combined. When the hidden 'StegoText' is received, a split mechanism is used to recover the original message. The described hybrid Arabic StegoText showed higher capacity and security with promising results compared to other methods.
Steganography in Arabic Text Using Full Diacritics Text
The need for secure communications has significantly increased with the explosive growth of the internet and mobile communications. The usage of text documents has doubled several times over the past years especially with mobile devices. In this paper we propose a new Steganogaphy algorithm for Arabic text. The algorithm employs some Arabic language characteristics, which represent as small vowel letters. Arabic Diacritics is an optional property for any text and usually is not popularly used. Many algorithms tried to employ this property to hide data in Arabic text. In our method, we use this property to hide data and reduce the probability of suspicions hiding. Our approach uses a performance metric involves the file size before and after adding Diacritics and ability to hide data with being suspicious.
Merging Two Steganography Techniques Adjusted to Improve Arabic Text Data Security
Securing private texts to fully prevent any detection, is a technique called Steganography. This research work of Arabic text steganography focuses on improving the hiding secrets within Arabic language text utilizing the redundant extension " Kashida " letter as covering media. We propose modifying the " Kashida " stego-cover technique merging with a new way of embedding sensitive data within whitespaces. This modified merging was tested on hiding data within Arabic text of the last 30 Chapters of the Holy Quran (Sura Al-Buruj #85 to Sura An-Nas #114) comparing with both the normal method and the improved proposed one. The results demonstrated clear increase in the capacity as expected without degrading the security, which justifies this work for real promising research direction.
Improving security and capacity for Arabic text steganography using 'Kashida' extensions
2009 IEEE/ACS International Conference on Computer Systems and Applications, 2009
Steganography is a method of hiding data within a cover media so that other individuals fail to realize their existence. In this paper, a new approach for steganography in Arabic texts is proposed. The main idea is that each Arabic word may have some characters which can be extended by 'Kashida'. The ranks 'locations' of such characters and the inserted Kashida, construct a coding method to represent a block of secret bits. Different scenarios have been proposed based on the maximum number of Kashida possible to be inserted per word. The approach was compared to some existing Arabic text steganography approaches in terms of capacity and security. It is shown that this proposed approach outperforms the others with interesting promising results.
Novel steganography scheme using Arabic text features in Holy Quran
International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE), 2019
With the rapid growth of the Internet and mobile devices, the need for hidden communications has significantly increased. Steganography is a technique introduced for establishing hidden communication, Most steganography techniques have been applied to audio, images, videos, and text. Many researchers used steganography in Arabic texts to take advantage of adding, editing or changing letters or diacritics, but lead to notable and suspicious text. In this paper, we propose two novel steganography algorithms for Arabic text using the Holy Quran as cover text. The fact that it is forbidden to add, edit or change any letter or diacritics in the Holy Quran provides the valuable feature of its robustness and difficulty as a cover in steganography. The algorithms hide secret messages elements within Arabic letters benefiting from the existence of sun letters (Arabic: ḥurūf shamsīyah) and moon letters (ḥurūf qamarīyah). Also, we consider the existence of some Arabic language characteristics represented as small vowel letters (Arabic Diacritics). Our experiments using the proposed two algorithms demonstrate high capacity for text files. The proposed algorithms are robust against attack since the changes in the cover text are imperceptible, so our contribution offers a more secure algorithm that provides good capacity. 1. INTRODUCTION An important issue today as well as for centuries is the hidden exchange and security of information,and the Internet has given this need special significance [1]. Different methods are used in data hiding such as watermarking, steganography, and cryptography [2]. A key controls the encryption of information in cryptography, so that no one can decrypt and access the information except the person who knows the key. Steganography is one of the best methods for secure communication [3]. The word steganography originates from the Greek language, which means hidden writing. ''Stegano" means hidden and ''graptos" means writing [4]. The goal in steganography is to conceal secret information under cover media, so unauthorised persons cannot discover the contained information. This cover media approach differentiates steganography from other methods for exchanging hidden information. After data the hiding, the text containing the secret information referred to as the stego-text, is sent from sender to receiver via the Internet.